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MATHIASELLA,A NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN UMBELLIFERAELincoln onstancendC.Leo HitchcockSOME NINETY-TWO GENERA (twenty of themwholly introduced) of Umbelliferae are known tooccur in North America, according to the latestgeneral taxonomic treatment f the representativesof the family on this continent (North AmericanFlora 28B: 43-295. 1944-45). So far as we areaware, no additional genera have been proposed inthe past ten years, and veryfewtenable ones sincethe vigorous pioneering activities of Coulter andRose in the two earliest decades of the twentiethcentury. Many, even of those genera which areusually accorded acceptance in floras and manuals,are based on highly technical characters,and aremaintainedlargelyfrom considerationsof traditionand convenience.The discovery of a strikinglyunique Mexicanplant referable-we are convinced-to no previous-ly described genus of Umbelliferae, is, then, anevent of importance. In placing this remarkablefindofficially n record,it seems to us appropriateto dedicate the genus to an outstandingAmericanstudent of this difficultbut fascinating family.Mathiasella Constance and Hitchcock,gen. nov.Herbae perennes graciles erectae caulescentes glabraee caudice ligneo. Folia petiolata membranacea ternato-pinnata, foliolis magnis serratis obatisve. Petioli vagin-antes. Umbellae inflorescentiae ompositae laxae, pedun-culis terminalibus solitariis vel terminalibus laterali-busque. Involucribracteae paucae conspicuae. Radii paucipatenti-adscendenteslabri. Involucelli bracteolae paucae

conspicuae, floressuperantes. Pedicelli patenti-adscenden-tes glabri. Flores feminifere apetali, petalis floriummas-culinorum iridibuspurpureo-maculatisvatisapice inflexis;calycis dentes obsoleti; stylopodium eficiens, tylistenui-bus patentibus. Carpophorum ncognitum. Fructus (im-maturus) oblongo-ovatus orsaliter alde compressus laber,costis dorsalibus filiformibus, is lateralibus latioribustenuiter alatis; vittae in valleculis solitariae, in commis-suris paucae; semina dorsaliter valde compressa, facieplana.Slender, erect, caulescent, branching, glabrousperennialsfroma woody caudex. Leaves petiolate,membranaceous, ternate-pinnatewith rather large,

serrate and often obed leaflets. Petioles sheathing.Inflorescence f loose compound umbels; pedunclesterminal only, or terminal and lateral. Involucreconspicuous, few-bracteate.Rays few, spreading-ascending, glabrous. Involucel conspicuous, few-bracteate, xceedingtheflowers.Pedicels spreading-ascending, glabrous. Flowers of two kinds, thecarpellate usually apetalous, the staminate withgreenish, purple-splotchedovate petals, the apexnarrowerand inflexed; calyx teethobsolete; stylesslender, preading,thestylopodiumacking. Carpo-phore not seen,. Fruit (slightly mmature) oblong-oval, stronglyflatteneddorsally, glabrous; dorsal1Received forpublicationSeptember11. 1953.

ribsfiliform,he ateralbroadly hin-winged;ittaedistinct, olitary n the intervals,everal on thecommissure; eed strongly lattenedn cross sec-tion, hefaceplane.Type species:Mathiasella upleuroides onstanceand Hitchcock.Mathiasella bupleuroides Constance a ndHitchcock,p. nov. (fig. 1-8).Plantae liquanto raciles labrae, -7.5dm. ltae; foliabasalia n ambitu eltoideaernato-pinnata,-10 cm. onga,foliolis blongis valibusvebtusis erratis,-3 cm. ongis,0.5-1.5 cm. atis; petioli -8 cm. ongi,nframediummar-ginis cariosis aginantes;olia aulinapaucafoliis asila-ribus similia lternata; nflorescentiaembellaunicater-minalis,nterdum edunculo aterale nstructa; edunculigraciles, -15 cm. onges; nvolucriracteae bovatae m-bricataeviridespurpurascentesutescentesveadiis brevi-ores, 1.5-3 cm. longi; radii fertilesnaequali, -4.5 cm.longi; involucellibracteolaecirca 5 obovatae bracteissimiles loresuperantes,0-18mm. ongae;floresurpuras-centi-virides;varium labrum;pedicelli 4-8, 5-10 mm.longi; fructus blongo-ovatuspice basique rotundatusglaber, irca10mm. ongus, mm. atus, ostis orsalibusdistinctis,is lateralibus enuiterlatis; vittaemagnae nintervallisolitariae; n commissurisirca 4; semina ubvittis analiculata acieplana.Plants rather lender, -7.5 dm.high,glabrous(sometimes minutely scaberulous) throughout;basal leavesdeltoid, -10 cm. ong, ernate-pinnate,the leaflets blong to oval, obtuse,1-3 cm. long,0.5-1.5 cm. broad,serrate, he distal slightly on-fluent t base; petioles 4-8 cm. long, scarious-sheathing-to he middle or above; cauline leavesfew, lternate,ike thebasal; inflorescencef a ter-minal and sometimes lso a lateralpeduncle, achbearing single mbel;peduncleslender,-15 cm.long; involucre f 3-5 obovate, aterally verlap-pinggreen, r purplish r yellowish,racts1.5-3cm. ong, horter han hemature ays; fertile ays3-8, unequal,2-4.5 cm. long; involucel f ca. 5obovatebractletsikethebracts, 0-18 mm. ong,.exceeding he flowers;flowers urplish-green,heovaryglabrous; maturepedicels4-8, 5-10 mm.long; fruit blong-oval,lunt t apex andbase,ca.10 mm. long,5 mm.broad,glabrous, he dorsalribs evident,he aterals hin-winged;ittae arge,solitaryn the ntervals,a. 4 on thecommissure;seedslightlyhanneled nder he ntervals,hefaceplane.Type locality: "On east and southslopes andsummit fPeinaNevada,Tamaulipas,Mexico,"19July 949, L. R. Stanford,. A. Taylor Mrs.Rich-ard E. Norris]& S. M. Lauber [Mrs. DouglasM.Post] 2542. (Type: UC 985,500; isotypes re be-ing distributedo thefollowing erbaria: F, GH,K, MICH, MO, NY, US, WTU.)The material n which heproposednewgenusis basedwassent othe enior uthor ogether ith56

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January, 1954] CONSTANCE AND HITCHCOCK-MATHIASELLA, A NEW GENUS 57

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58 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vo4. 41a dozenotherrepresentativesf theUmbelliferaefrom hesame generalregion.These latter peci-mens included four species firstdescribedbyMathiasand Constance uring he pastfewyears,emphasizingheremarkable ichness f this ittle-known lora.

Once it is realizedthatthe present ollectionrepresents member f the Umbelliferae-one slikelyto thinkfirst f such families s Euphor-biaceae, Papaveraceae,or Ranunculaceae-it isclear thatthere s nothing eretoforenown romeitherAmerican ontinenthat s anythingike itin general spect. The fruit, lthough lightlym-mature, s clearlypeucedanoid,but there is nopeucedanoidgenusknownwhichpossesses uch aflamboyantnvolucrend nvolucel.Theapparentlymonoecious ondition,with ssentially akedcar-pellateflowerss, also, presumablyunique. Theinvolucre nd involucel re reminiscent,ather, fsuchOld Worldgenera s Bupleuruwnnd Pleuro-spermum,uttheformer as alwaysentireeaves,and the fruits f bothgenera re suchas to causethem o be classifiedn another artof thefamily.Assuminghat arpelmorphologys a reliable lue,actual affinity ay existwiththeLatinAmericaigenusPrionosciadium, ithwhich hefruit oughlyagrees,but theinvolucralnd involucellarharac-

ters are wholly t variance with this genus. Atpresent, herefore, athiasella ppears o constitutea clearly niquetypewithout ny known lose rela-tives.We take exceptional leasure n dedicatinghisdistinctive nd attractive enus to Dr. MildredEsther Mathias [Mrs. Gerald L. Hassler] of theUniversityfCalifornia,os AngelesCampus. Be-ginning n 1928,she has been contributingteadilyto a better nderstandingf the axonomyf Amer-ican Umbelliferae. qually notable,however, reher personal ualities,whichhave beenan impor-tant nfluencen promotingn attitude f friendlycooperationnd goodwillamongbotanistsll overtheUnited tates.

SUMMARYA new genus nd speciesofpeucedanoidUmbel-liferae,Mathiasella upleuroides,s proposed nthebasis of a unique and recently iscoveredplantfrom amaulipas,Mexico.

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY,UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIADEPARTMENT OF BOTANY,

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON,SEATTLE, WASHINGTON

Fig. 1-8. Mathiasella bupleuroides.-Fig. 1, 2. Habit, X1/2.-Fig. 3. Umbellet,showing nvolucel and carpellateandstaminateflowers,X4.-Fig. 4. Carpellateflower,X4.-Fig. 5. Carpellateflowerwithone petal and one stamen,X4.-Fig. 6. Staminateflower,X15.-Fig. 7. Fruit, dorsal view, X8.-Fig. 8. Fruit, transverse ection,X8. (All from hetypecollection.)

THE GROWTHAND FRUITINGOF SORDARIAFIMICOLA1CarlW.Bretzloff,r.2THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS whichcontrol porulationf fungihavebeenstudied orover a century.Since almostall fungiare dis-seminated y spores, he practical s well as thetheoreticalmplicationsf informationoncerningthe sporulation rocessesare readilycomprehen-sible. Externalfactorsgoverningheseprocesses,beingmoreamenable o experimentalttack haninternal nes,have received hemost ttention.ngeneral, heapproachhas beena qualitative r,atbest,a semi-quantitativene in whichfungihavebeen suppliedwithknownamountsof essentialmetabolitesnd therelative mount f sporulationobserved.Underlyingmostof thiswork,seemso1ReceivedforpublicationMarch13, 1953.Submitted n partial fulfillmentf the requirements orthe degreeof Doctor of Philosophy,n the Facultyof PureScience, ColumbiaUniversity.2 The authorwould like to expresshis sinceregratitudeto ProfessorR. F. Dawson forvarious suggestions nd en-

couragement ffered uring he courseof this investigation.He also tendershis appreciationto ProfessorsS F. Tre-lease and L. S. Olive for suggestionsand for theirmostgenerouspermission o use certainmaterials nd apparatus.

have been the tacit assuTnptionhat fruiting,scontrastedwith vegetative rowth,must involvefundamentalifferencesn thebiochemistryf anorganismwhichmay, n turn, e reflectedn quali-tativelydifferentutritional atterns. It wouldseem llogical o ascribethepresent nsatisfactorystateof knowledge o an overemphasispon thenutritionalpproachuntil ts quantitativespectshavebeenmorethoroughlyxamined. t has beenthe aim of thiswork,by analyzing ompositionalchanges n theculturemedium, uring hegrowthof a representativescomycete, o determinewhether elative r absolute hanges n uptakeofmajor nutrientsre associatedwiththe onsetoffruiting.Probablymorephysiologicaltudieshave beenmade on fruitingmong heSordariaceae hanonanyother amily ftheAscomycetes ith hepos-sible exception f theSaccharomycetaceaendtheCeratostomataceae.emeniuk 1941, 1942, 1943,1944) studied heglucose nd phosphate utritionof the Chaeomiaceae, nd Hawker (1939a) fol-