Considering Ending Hunger after 10 years

• Last 10 years have reinforced role of 3 key factors in reducing poverty and hunger:

• Broad-based economic growth (usually led by strong exports)

• Education & Status of Women• Technology

Economic Growth & Poverty

• Since 2006 Peru’s economy has grown by an average of 7%.

• Percent of Peruvians living below the poverty has fallen from 49% in 2004 to 35% in 2009.

• Between 2005-2010 Peru climbed 24 places in the UN Human Development Report.

Some of the Countries with the Highest Econ. Growth 2000-2010

• Angola 10.4% (average GDP growth 2000-10,• China 9.9% constant prices)• Sierra Leone 9.2%• Nigeria 8.4%• Nigeria, Armenia & Kazakhstan 8.0%• Mozambique 8%• Ethiopia 7.7%• India 7.2%• Vietnam 7.1%

Some of the Countries with the Lowest Econ. Growth 2000-2010

• Zimbabwe -4.6%• Eritrea -0.3%• Haiti -0.1%• Ivory Coast 0.6%• Germany & Japan 0.8%

Redistribution Does Not Work in Practice

• Cuba• Venezuela• Soviet Union• China (under Mao)• North Korea

Education and Status of Women

Scores of Studies have established the Role of Women’s Education

• With data from Brazil found that the following relation between mother’s education and preschool children’s malnutrition.

• Used height for age – stunting – reflects chronic malnutrition.

• Mother’s with <4 years of educ: 24.6%• 4-7 years: 14.9%• 8-10 years 12.5%• 11 or more years: 2.8%

Success of Conditional Cash Transfers in Reducing Poverty/Hungry

• Programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare payments conditional upon recipients’ actions.

• Criteria may include children attending school and/or regular visits to health clinics.

• Reduces both current and future poverty.• Particularly popular in Latin America, where

some 110 million benefit from such programs.• Bolsa Familia & Oportunidades

Bolsa Familia in Brazil

• Reaches 11 million families; 46 million people.• Very well targeted; 94% of benefits go to

poorest 40% of population.• Poor families with children receive $35/month.• Conditional on children staying in school and

getting regular health checks.• Most of money goes to buying food & school

supplies.

Oportunidades in Mexico

• Provides educational grants to poor families.• Over 4 million families participate.• Monthly grant is per child: $10.50/mo. for 3rd

grade, $58 for boys and $66 for girls in high school.

• All family members receive health care, with emphasis on preventive care.

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• Nutrition component:• $15.50 for improved food consumption• Nutritional supplements for children 4 months to 2

years, malnourished children, & pregnant & lactating mothers.

• IFPRI found for participants:• Increased school enrollment• More balanced diets.• Receiving more medical attention