Expanding Multiphysics Applications

with COMSOLVersion 4.2

COMSOL V4.2 Product Suite

COMSOL V4.2 Product Suite

New Products and Major New Functionality

• Microfluidics Module

• Geomechanics Module

• Electrodeposition Module

• LiveLink™ for AutoCAD®

• LiveLink™ for SpaceClaim®

• One Window Interface for the LiveLink for SolidWorks®

Microfluidics Module• The Microfluidics Module includes existing

microfluidics features previously available in the

MEMS module– Electrokinetic flow

– Creeping flow

– Two-phase flow with level set and phase field (wetting, surface

tension etc.)

– Fluid-Structure Interaction additionally requires either the MEMS

or Structural mechanics modules

• Expanded and improved features include– Two phase flow moving mesh interface

• Precise capillary effects

• Transport phenomena within one phase

– Molecular flow interface

• When molecular mean-free path is greater than geometry

• For vacuum system simulations

• Both MEMS and Microfluidics modules will in future

versions be expanded further in a more focused

manner.

Simulations of an electrowetting

lens (left) and molecular flow in

an ion implanter (right) using the

Microfluidics Module.

Geomechanics Module

• A specialized add-on to the Structural Mechanics

Module.

• For plasticity, deformation, and failure of soils and

rocks, as well as their interaction with concrete and

human-made structures.

• Material Models– Nonlinear Soil Model:

• Modified Cam-Clay

– Elastoplastic Soil Models:

• Drucker-Prager

• Capped Drucker-Prager

• Mohr-Coulomb

• Capped Mohr-Coulomb

• Matsuoka-Nakai

• Lade-Duncan

– Concrete Models:

• Bresler-Pister

• Willam-Warnke

• Ottosen

– Rocks Models:

• Hoek-Brown

• Generalized Hoek-Brown

– Ductile Materials and Saturated Soils

• von Mises

• Tresca

– User-defined Materials

Simulation of soil deformations when

subject to load from a building.

Electrodeposition Module

• For electrochemical processes

– Chrome plating in automotive industry

– E-coating

– Electro-coloring

– Decorative electroplating

– Electrodeposition for PCB manufacturing

– Anodizing

• The Electrodeposition Module is able to model arbitrary reaction

mechanisms

– Electrode kinetics using Butler-Volmer or by just typing in arbitrary

expressions

– Multiple competing reactions

– Adsorption reactions including diffusion of adsorbed species at the

electrode surface

• Material balances are defined for the deposited species

• Surface diffusion and active site density can be accounted for in

the model

• The deposited layer’s thickness

– Thin layers: Calculated on a fixed geometry by surface equations

– Thick layers: Modeled using moving boundaries based on the ALE

method.

Thickness of the decorative

deposited layer in a furniture fitting

modeled with the Electrodeposition

Module.

One Window Interface for the LiveLink for SolidWorks

• The LiveLink for SolidWorks product has been extended

with a One Window Interface where a SolidWorks user

can stay inside of the SolidWorks environment and work

synchronously with COMSOL Multiphysics.

LiveLink for AutoCAD

Electric current simulation of a foil

wire from a solar collector based on

a surface geometry created in

AutoCAD.

LiveLink for SpaceClaim

Thermal simulation of an exhaust

manifold based on a CAD model

created in SpaceClaim.

Report Generator

The new Report Generator creates

HTML reports for models. Each report

includes a table of contents with

hyperlinks. The Report Generator uses

a built-in Style Sheet, which you can

customize to change the appearance

of the report in a web browser.

Virtual Geometry Operations

• New way for mesher to skip over unimportant CAD features

– sliver surfaces

– misaligned edges

• Also known as “sloppy meshing”

• Faster and more memory efficient solving with focus on the

essential parts of the original CAD model

• Difference compared to CAD defeaturing (already in 3.5a, 4.0, 4.1)

– Keeps the underlying surface curvature

The picture shows an exhaust

manifold that has been meshed

using unprocessed CAD data

(bottom left) and with the virtual

geometry tools applied (bottom

right).

Time-Dependent Adaptive Mesh Refinement

• Important applications:

– two-phase flow

– simulations with sharp diffusion fronts

• Enables higher accuracy simulations for the same memory cost.

• Automatically refines mesh where the solution changes quickly – or

based on a user defined error indicator like sqrt(Tx^2+Ty^2)

• Time-dependent adaptive meshing is not limited to two-phase flow

and diffusion but is available for any time-dependent simulations.

The picture shows an example

of transient mesh adaption for

the simulation of an inkjet.

Fast Parallelized Assembly and Solvers

• The COMSOL Multiphysics direct solvers have been multicore and

cluster-enabled for several years. Supported cluster platforms are

Linux and Windows HPC Server.

• New parallelized multiphysics assembly algorithms and iterative

solvers bring faster and more memory efficient computations.

• Benchmark test indicate speedup of 425% for laminar flow static

mixer and 164% faster for a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip simulation.

CFD Module:

Compressible High-Mach Number Flow

Acoustics Module:

Thermoacoustics for cell-phone

speakers/microphones and hearing aids.

Batteries & Fuel Cells Module:

New Advanced 3D models

AC Impedance Spectroscopy

The picture shows the temperature field in the cooling

channels and the Li-ion batteries of a battery pack for

automotive applications. The model includes a high-

fidelity electrochemical model of the batteries coupled

to a thermal analysis for the batteries and the

components in the battery pack and a fluid flow

simulation in the cooling channels.

Demo of new GUI Features

Geometry and Mesh

Coordinate-Based Selections

• Coordinate-based selections based on x-y-z box and ball

• Boolean operations on box and ball primitives

• Usage:

– When working with slightly modified versions of the same part.

– Quick way of repeating a simulation without having to change any material

settings, boundary conditions or mesh parameters.

– Box & ball can be parameterized in the same way as geometry objects.

Fixed Constraints

Cap Faces

• Covering the ends of fluid channels and subsequently mesh the

interior of imported CAD parts.

• Select the edges that trace out the surface to be formed.

• Easier transition from a purely mechanical model to a fluid or fluid-

structure interaction (FSI) model.

Parametric Surfaces

• The new Parametric Surfaces feature allows for creation of

surfaces based on analytical expressions (sin, exp) or look-up

table data (interpolation tables).

• The resolution of the underlying NURBS surface can be tuned by

the user (“number of knots”) and enable a more detailed surface

representation and finer mesh when called upon.

C:\COMSOL42\models\COMSOL_Multiphysics\Geophysics\rock_fracture_flow_aperture_data.txt

Studies and Solvers

Automatic Remeshing for Moving Meshes

• Use for Moving Mesh (ALE)

• When the mesh is deformed beyond a user-defined mesh quality

threshold, the automatic remeshing kicks in and the simulation is

automatically continued starting from the new mesh.

Examples of automatic remeshing:

Left: Remeshing steps for a prescribed

sinusoidal deformation of the top surface of a

block.

Right: Elements before and directly after an

automatic remesh. This copper deposition

model is available in the Electrodeposition

Module Model Library.

Fast Parallelized Assembly and Solvers

• The COMSOL Multiphysics direct solvers have been multicore and

cluster-enabled for several years. Supported platforms are Linux

and Windows HPC Server.

• With Version 4.2, also the multiphysics assembly algorithms and

iterative solvers are parallelized which brings faster and more

memory efficient computations for a wide range of applications on

virtually any type of computer platform from laptop to cluster.

Results and Visualization

Histogram Plot

Nyquist Plot

Ribbon Plot

RMS & Variance Operations

Variable Aspect-Ratio

Mathematics Interfaces

New PDE and ODE Interfaces

• Coefficient Form PDE, General Form PDE, Weak Form PDE on

surfaces & edges.

• Applications:

– surface diffusion

– accumulation of material on boundaries

– equation-based shell modeling for any type of physics.

• Distributed ODE and DAE interfaces.

• Applications:

– bioheating damage computations

– material creep

– any material-memory simulations where the material state is represented with a

unique state-variable at each point in the computational volume.

• Convection-Diffusion Equation and Heat Equation in Classical

PDEs

Important Module News

AC/DC Module:

Small-signal analysis

Acoustics Module + Structural Mechanics Module:

Acoustic-Shell Interaction

Acoustics Module:

Acoustic-Piezo Interaction

Acoustics Module:

Poroelastic Waves – for damping materials

Chemical Reaction Engineering Module:

Parameter Estimation is back (3.5a)

Optimization Module is required

Chemical Reaction Engineering Module:

Infinite Elements for Diffusion: Transport of

Diluted Species

Chemical Reaction Engineering Module and

Plasma Module:

Surface Reactions

Heat Transfer Module:

Fan & Grill Boundary Conditions with fan-curve table import

Structural Mechanics Module, MEMS Module, Acoustics Module:

Prestressed Study Types for eigenmode and frequency -response

Structural Mechanics Module, MEMS Module, Acoustics Module:

Piezo PMLs

Structural Mechanics Module and MEMS Module:

Infinite Elements for Solid Mechanics

Structural Mechanics Module, MEMS Module, Acoustics Module:

Spring, Damper, and Mass Boundary Conditions

Structural Mechanics Module:

Beam Cross-Section Library

More Feature Details

Studies and Solvers

Convergence Plot for Solvers

• Convergence plots are now available for monitoring convergence

of nonlinear, iterative, and time-dependent solvers.

• For nonlinear simulations, separate convergence plots show the

convergence of the nonlinear iterations and the core linear algebra

solver iterations.

Physics Selection in Study Steps

• A new Physics Selection utility makes it easy to activate or

deactivate select Physics Interfaces during the modeling process.

• You can use this to control which physics should be considered for

a particular study step.

Results and Visualization

Improved 2D Renderer

• The new, faster 2D renderer comes with improved axis labels,

easier selection of overlapping pair boundaries, and a new

drawing table with grid and rulers that show the position of the

pointer.

Default Plots and Adjustable Position of Color Legends

• In the Results node of the Model

Builder tree, new default plots

are now adapted to the physics

in the model with descriptive

names of the created plot

groups.

• You can now position the color

legends to the right, to the left,

above, below, or on alternating

sides of the plot.

Histogram Plots

• Histogram plots, available in

Results, is used to show the

distribution of data

throughout volumes,

surfaces, edges, or points in

a model.

• You can control bins based

on number of bins or data

limits. Plots can be

continuous or discrete and

data normalization options

include Neutral, Peak, or

Integral.

Streamline Ribbon Plot

• Streamlines can now be visualized using ribbon plots where the

width and color of the ribbons can be controlled by an arbitrary

expression.

• The pictures show two different ribbon plots for a turbulent flow

simulation.

RMS, Square Root, and Variance of Data Series

• For Derived Values, you can apply an

operation such as the integral or

maximum of the averaged quantity for

the data series. For example, you can

immediately display the integral or

maximum of the averaged quantity for

each step in the data series.

• Additional operations made available

with Version 4.2 are RMS (the root

mean square or quadratic mean),

Square Root, and Variance.

Nyquist Plots

• A Nyquist plot shows the magnitude and

phase of a frequency-response simulation

result. This type of plot shows the magnitude

as the distance from the origin and the

phase as the angle using a curve with the

frequency as the parameter.

• Nyquist plots have important applications for

users of the AC/DC, RF, Structural

Mechanics, Acoustics, MEMS, and Batteries

& Fuel Cells Modules.

• The picture shows a Nyquist plot from an

AC-impedance analysis of a fuel cell at two

different electrolyte conductivities. The

model is available in the Model Library of the

Batteries & Fuel Cells Module.

Variable Aspect-Ratio Visualization

• High aspect-ratio models can now easily be visualized also in a non-

aspect-ratio preserving mode.

• The picture shows a thermal actuator using actual aspect-ratio (left)

and with Preserve aspect ratio turned off (right).

Mathematics Interfaces

New PDE and ODE Interfaces

• The interfaces for partial differential equations (PDEs) are extended with an additional set of

templates for equations defined on surfaces and edges. Applications include using the new

Coefficient Form Boundary PDE interface for surface diffusion, accumulation of material on

boundaries, and equation-based shell modeling for any type of physics.

• A new set of interfaces are available for spatially distributed ordinary differential equations

(ODEs) and differential algebraic equations (DAEs). Applications include material-memory

simulations, such as bioheating damage computations or material creep, where the material

state is represented with a unique state-variable at each point in the computational volume.

• The Classical PDE interfaces now include templates for the Heat Equation and the Convection-

Diffusion Equation.

• All PDE, ODE, and DAE interface templates can be used freely in multiphysics combinations

with any application-specific modules.

General COMSOL Desktop Functionality

Drag-and-Drop in the Model Builder Tree

• Drag-and-drop is now supported in the Model Builder tree. Using

this feature, you can change the order of existing nodes or copy or

duplicate nodes.

Updated Progress and Log Windows

• Progress and Log information is now available in separate

windows. The Progress window features Auto-clearing. The

Log window supports Clear and Lock as well as Resume scroll.

There is now an extra log divider with model name when

opening a new model.

AC/DC Module

Small-signal Analysis

• Small-signal analysis is now

generally available for all

modules, including the AC/DC

Module.

• The picture shows a typical

application: an inductor with a

nonlinear magnetic core and

an inductance that changes

with increased current. The

variable inductance is also

known as the small-signal, or

differential, inductance.

Lumped Ports for AC/DC Analysis

• A Lumped Port boundary feature is now available in the Magnetic

Fields interface and in the Magnetic and Electric Fields interface.

• This feature is used for easier excitation of coils and other

conducting structures. It also gives access to S-parameters.

Acoustics Module

Thermoacoustics

• The Acoustics Module features new dedicated modeling tools for

thermoviscous acoustics that enable highly accurate simulation of

miniaturized speakers and microphones in handheld devices.

• The need for thermoacoustics emerges whenever the dimensions

of an acoustic device become small compared to the viscous and

thermal boundary layers.

The picture to the left shows the

thermoacoustic wave-field in a shallow

uniform waveguide with results

matched to an analytical solution.

The picture to the right shows an

acoustic coupler with a damped

Helmholtz resonator. The model

includes thermal conduction and

viscous losses.

Acoustic-Shell Interaction

• A new multiphysics interface for Acoustic-Shell Interaction enables

modeling of vibrating thin elastic structures and their induced

sound pressure field.

• The coupling is bidirectional and is available for frequency domain

and the time domain studies in 3D.

• The Acoustic-Shell Interaction interfaces combine features from

the Pressure Acoustics and Shell interfaces and requires both the

Acoustics Module and the Structural Mechanics Module.

The picture shows a vibrating baffled

membrane and the sound pressure

level (dB) in the air that surrounds it.

Acoustic-Piezoelectric Interaction

• A new multiphysics interface for Acoustic-Piezoelectric coupling

makes piezo-acoustics functionality easier to use.

• Analyses are available for frequency domain and time domain

studies and combine features from the Pressure Acoustics, Solid

Mechanics, Electrostatics, and Piezoelectric Devices interfaces.

The picture shows a vibrating baffled

membrane and the sound pressure

level (dB) in the air that surrounds it.

Elastic and Poroelastic Waves

• The Acoustics Module features two new interfaces for waves in

solid and porous media. The Elastic Waves interface, for general

elastic solids, can be combined with a new Poroelastic Waves

interface for frequency-domain analysis of poroelastic wave

propagation.

The picture shows the frequency characteristics of a diesel particulate filter

(DPF). Although its main function is filtering of the exhaust flow, the DPF also

has acoustic damping properties which relate to the muffler system. The filter is

made of a porous material and the Poroelastic Waves interface is here used to

compute the acoustic transmission losses.

Batteries & Fuel Cells Module

Batteries & Fuel Cells Module

• The Batteries & Fuel Cells Module features a new AC Impedance

Study type for simulating Electrochemical Impedance

Spectroscopy (EIS).

• A new Surface Reactions interface enables modeling of surface

reactions on boundary surfaces.

• A Material Library comes with common battery electrode materials

and electrolytes.

• Several new tutorials are available:• Edge Effects In a Spirally Wound Li-Ion Battery

• Thermal Modeling of a Cylindrical Li-Ion Battery in 2D

• Thermal Modeling of a Cylindrical Li-Ion Battery in 3D (additionally requires the Heat

Transfer Module)

• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in a Fuel Cell

• Primary Current Distribution in a Lead-Acid Battery Grid Electrode

• Soluble Lead-Acid Redox Flow Battery

The picture show the Temperature field in the cooling channels and the

batteries in a battery pack for automotive applications. The model includes a

high-fidelity electrochemical model of the batteries coupled to a thermal analysis

for the batteries and the components in the battery pack, and the fluid flow in

the cooling channels.

CFD Module

High-Mach Number Fluid Flow

• The new High-Mach Number Fluid Flow interface applies when the flow

velocity is large enough to introduce significant changes in the density and

temperature of the fluid; the thermodynamic properties of the fluid are

coupled.

• Appreciable changes in the fluid properties are encountered as the flow

velocity approaches, or exceeds, the speed sound. As a rule of thumb,

velocities greater than 0.3 times the speed of sound are considered to be

high Mach number flows.

The picture shows a benchmark model for turbulent compressible flow in a two-

dimensional converging-diverging diffuser (Sajben diffuser). The flow enters the

diffuser at a velocity of Ma = 0.46, accelerates through the converging part, and

reaches supersonic conditions at the throat of the diffuser. The supersonic flow

is terminated with a shock in the diverging part, after which the flow is

subsonically decelerated.

Chemical Reaction Engineering Module

Reacting Flow

• A new physics interface for Reacting Flow, Diluted Species, makes

coupled mass and momentum transport in free and porous media

available from one single user interface. A similar physics interface

for Concentrated Species is also available.

• The model coupling for the velocity field and mixture density is set

up automatically. In addition, the effective transport coefficients in a

porous matrix domain can be derived based on the corresponding

values in for a non-porous domain.

The picture shows an experimental reactor for

heterogeneous catalysis, demonstrating the principle

of coupled free and porous media flow in fixed bed

reactors.

Parameter Estimation in Chemical Reaction Models

• By combining the Chemical Reaction Engineering with the

Optimization Modules, you can use a new Parameter Estimation

feature for predefined reactor types in the Reaction Engineering

interface.

The picture shows a tutorial model for

finding the Arrhenius parameters of a

first-order reaction where Benzene

diazonium chloride decomposes to

benzene, chloride, and nitrogen.

Infinite Elements for Diffusion

COMSOL Multiphysics Version 4.2 introduces a new

way of defining Infinite Elements for simulation of

unbounded regions. Since different physics can

share the same Infinite Elements, you can now

define Infinite Elements in the Model Definitions

node, eliminating redundant action on each Physics

Interface.

The interface for Transport of Diluted Species now

provides Infinite Elements for diffusion simulations

using the new mechanism. The picture shows the

new Model Builder tree node.

Infinite Elements for Diffusion

• COMSOL Multiphysics Version 4.2

introduces a new way of defining Infinite

Elements for simulation of unbounded

regions. Since different physics can

share the same Infinite Elements, you

can now define Infinite Elements in the

Model Definitions node, eliminating

redundant action on each Physics

Interface.

• The interface for Transport of Diluted

Species now provides Infinite Elements

for diffusion simulations using the new

mechanism. The picture shows the new

Model Builder tree node.

Surface Reactions

• A new Surface Reactions interface is used for reactions involving

surface adsorbed species and species in the bulk of a reacting

surface. The interface is applied to the boundary of a model and is

coupled to a mass transport interface in the adjacent bulk domain.

• The Surface Reactions interface can be used together with the

Chemical Species Transport, Reacting Flow, and the

Electrochemistry interfaces.

• Predefined expressions for the growth velocity of the reacting

surface makes it easy to set up models with moving boundaries.

The new Surface Reactions

user interface.

Subsurface Flow Module

Subsurface Flow Module

• The Subsurface Flow Module (previously named the Earth Science

Module) benefits from many of the new features of Version 4.2.

• Combining the new Geomechanics Module with the Subsurface

Flow Module enables new geotechnical multiphysics combinations

such as elastoplastic soil models with poroelasticity as well as rock

material models with solute transport.

• A new Thin Diffusion Barrier boundary condition for interior

boundaries in the Solute Transport interface enables modeling of

thin layers of much thinner diffusion coefficient than that of

adjacent domains. This feature is also available in the Chemical

Reaction Engineering Module.

The new Thin Diffusion Barrier

user interface.

Heat Transfer Module

Thermal Wall Functions with Radiation

• Thermal wall functions with turbulence now support the Surface-to-

Surface Radiation and Highly Conductive Layer features.

• This enables very sophisticated thermal simulations: including any

combination of turbulent flow, heat transfer in fluids, heat transfer

in solids, heat radiation, and thin thermally high-conducting layers

such as metal sheets.

The Conjugate Heat Transfer

user interface with options for

combining turbulence and

surface-to-surface radiation.

Heat Transfer in Multilayered Structures

• For heat transfer in thin layers, a new multilayer option of the Thin

Thermally Resistive Layer makes it possible to quickly model thin

structures with multiple layers of different conductivity.

The new Thin

Thermally Resistive

Layer user interface.

Thermal Light Color Table

• A new default Color Table (color scale) named Thermal Light is

optimized for visualization of heat transfer simulations. The color

range is truncated at the lower end and eliminates the darkest

shades of red.

Fan and Grill Boundary Conditions

• Electronic cooling simulations are made easier

by the new Fan and Grill boundary conditions.

• A new Fan boundary condition is also

available on interior boundaries, called a slit

condition.

• Fan curves can be entered, or loaded from file,

in table format for use at inlets in flow models.

New Structural Mechanics Features of the

Structural Mechanics, MEMS, and

Acoustics Modules.

Prestressed Analysis

• The Structural Mechanics, MEMS, and Acoustics Modules offer

new powerful and easy-to use tools for prestressed analysis of

eigenmode and frequency-response.

• Structures modeled with the Solid Mechanics interface can be

prestressed by mechanical, thermal, or arbitrary multiphysics-

based loads.

The picture shows one of the

tutorial models in the Model Library

of the Structural Mechanics

Module, which compares the

frequency response of an unloaded

case with that of a prestressed

case.

Piezoelectric PMLs

• New Piezoelectric Perfectly Matched

Layers (PMLs) are capable of

simultaneously absorbing the elastic

and electric components of an

outwards traveling piezoelastic wave.

• his feature is important for modeling

piezo transducers and acoustic wave

filters such as BAW and SAW.

• The functionality is available in the

Structural Mechanics Module, MEMS

Module, and Acoustics Module.

Infinite Elements for Solid Mechanics

• For Solid Mechanics, certain modeling tasks

require the computation of stress and strain for

a large slab of material.

• For practical reasons such models are artificially

truncated close to a region of interest and the

analyst then faces the problem of what

boundary conditions to apply to the truncated

domain boundaries.

• Modeling with Infinite Elements avoids this

problem entirely by automatically scaling the

computational domain to infinity.

• The Structural Mechanics and the MEMS

Modules offer Infinite Elements as a new

feature under the Model Definitions node in the

Model Builder tree.

Springs and Dampers

For simulating non-rigid boundaries, new

boundary conditions for springs and dampers

have been added for points, edges, boundaries,

and domains. This functionality is available for

all interfaces in the Structural Mechanics

Module and for the Solid Mechanics interfaces

in the Acoustics and MEMS Modules. Similarly,

a new Thin Elastic Layers boundary condition is

available on interior boundaries and between

pairs in assemblies. Added mass can now be

specified for edges, boundaries, and domains

for all interfaces in the Structural Mechanics

Module for the Solid Mechanics interfaces in

the Acoustics and MEMS Modules.

Springs and Dampers

• For simulating non-rigid boundaries,

new boundary conditions for springs

and dampers have been added for

points, edges, boundaries, and

domains.

• This functionality is available for all

interfaces in the Structural Mechanics

Module and for the Solid Mechanics

interfaces in the Acoustics and MEMS

Modules.

• Similarly, a new Thin Elastic Layers

boundary condition is available on

interior boundaries and between pairs

in assemblies.

Added Mass

• Added mass can now be specified for

edges, boundaries, and domains for all

interfaces in the Structural Mechanics

Module and for the Solid Mechanics

interfaces in the Acoustics and MEMS

Modules.

• Important applications are:

– modeling non-structural added mass for a

vibrating structure immersed in a fluid

– adding mass from thin layers that are not

contributing to the structure's stiffness

– correcting for mass changes due to CAD

defeaturing

– including mass from components that are not

represented by any geometry in the model.

Beam Cross-Section Library with Common

Sections

• The Structural Mechanics Module now

features a tool for automatic computation

of beam cross-section properties for a

number of common cross sections when

using the Beam interface.

Plasma Module

New tools are available for modeling surface

reactions and species.

The picture shows the accumulated height

of Silicon deposited on the wafer surface as

a function of time. The model verifies that

the total mass in the system is conserved.

The principle can be applied to study

processes like chemical vapor deposition

(CVD) and plasma enhanced vapor

deposition (PECVD).

Surface Reactions for Plasmas

Surface Reactions for Plasmas

• New tools are available for modeling

surface reactions and species.

• The picture shows the accumulated

height of Silicon deposited on the

wafer surface as a function of time.

The model verifies that the total mass

in the system is conserved.

• The principle can be applied to study

processes like chemical vapor

deposition (CVD) and plasma

enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD).

RF Module

Far-Field in a Medium (RF) and New

Models

• For computing radiation patterns from antennas and radiating

components, far-field evaluation is an essential tool. The far-field

feature has been extended and now supports computing the far

field in a medium other than vacuum. It has changed from being a

boundary feature to being a domain feature with a domain

selection and a boundary selection.

The picture to the left shows a new tutorial models

for impedance matching of a lossy anisotropic

ferrite 3-port circulator.

The picture to the right shows a model of a plane

wave incident on a wire grating on a dielectric

substrate. Coefficients for refraction, specular

reflection, and first order diffraction are all

computed as functions of the angle of incidence.

This analysis is made possible by a new port

boundary condition for Floquet-type periodic

boundary conditions.

Material Library Tools

Material Rendering

• Materials are now rendered using color, texture, and reflectance.

Gold, copper, air, water, concrete, and some other common

materials have their own specific material appearance properties.

• A material’s appearance can be customized and includes separate

settings for specular, diffusive, and ambient colors as well as

texture noise levels.

• To enable texture rendering, set the Visualization preferences to

be Optimized for Quality.