computer system
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIT 2 – COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTER APPLICATION
IN MANAGEMENT
Submitted by:- Kh. Santosh
Singh
Under the guidance of:-
Dr. S. Somokanta
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Recap…. Characteristics of Computer
Generation of Computers
Era of Personal Computers
Digital Computers
Micro Computers
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Recap….
Organization of Computers Hardware
Input Devices Output Devices
Software System Software Application Software
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Computer System
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Computer System
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Computer System
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Computer System
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Computer System
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Computer System
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Memory
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Memory Organisation
Internal External
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Internal Memory
CPU Memory Cache Memory Primary / Main Memory
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CPU Memory
Internal Processor Memory
Embedded into the processor
High Speed Register
Actual Processing
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Main Memory
Primary Memory
Communicates directly with the
CPU
2 types - RAM & ROM
RAM – Random Access Memory
ROM – Read Only Memory
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Random Access Memory
Read-Write-Memory Random access of data Volatile in nature Manufactured with Bipolar or MOS
technology Types – SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM,
DDR SDRAM, FPM DRAM & EDO DRAM
* MOS – Metal Oxide Semiconductor
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SRAM- Static RAM DRAM- Dynamic RAM SDRAM- Synchronous Dynamic RAM RDRAM- Rambus Dynamic RAM DDR SDRAM- Double Data Rate SDRAM FPM DRAM- Fast Page Mode DRAM EDO DRAM- Extended Data Out DRAM
RAM Types
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Read Only Memory
Non Volatile in nature Data / Program not modifiable Store BIOS program Types –
Masked ROM – Non user programmable PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory –
User programmable
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PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
Programmable ROM Erasable Programmable ROM Electrically Erasable Programmable
ROM Flash Memory –
Type of EEPROM that uses in-circuit-wiring
Much faster than traditional EEPROM
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Cache Memory
Small & Fast but Expensive Placed between CPU and Main
memory Size ranges from 64KB to 2MB Types:
Primary or Level 1 Cache (on-chip cache) Secondary or Level 2 Cache (on-board
cache) Level 3 Cache (on-board cache)
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External Memory
Auxiliary Memory / Secondary Storage
Store larger amount of data / information
Non Volatile in nature Categories:
Sequential Access Devices
Direct Access or Random Access
Devices
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Magnetic Tape Sequentially accessed Read / Write with HEAD device 2 popular forms:
Detachable Reel Magnetic Tapes and Tape Cartridges
Storage Capacity of a tape = Data Recording Density X
Length of the Tape
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Magnetic Disks Track
Sector Circular plate of metal/plastic
Coated with magnetized material
Direct Access Storage Rewritable Mapping or Formatting
• Low-level formatting• High-level formatting
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Disk Drive
A generic term A device on which disk is mounted Consists of motor, arms assembly with
heads Speed ranging from 3600 – 7200 RPM Information recorded during disk
rotation Uses : Floppy disk drive
Hard disk drive
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Floppy Disk
Removable storage device Out of market Size ranges from 100 KB – 200 MB
3 ½ inch HIFD
1998-99
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Hard Disk Invented in the
1950’s Originally called
‘Fixed Disk’ or ‘Winchesters’
Storage Capacity = Number of recording
surfaces XNumber of tracks per surface XNumber of sectors per track XNumber of bytes per sector
► Internal ► External ► Solid-state-drive(SSD)
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RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Higher storage capacity Uses mainly in the Mainframes and
Servers
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Optical Disk Made of plastic
plate with light sensitive recording surface
Capable of storing vast amount of data
Single spiral track Sectors are of same
length Use laser beams for
Read / Write E.g. CD-ROM,
WORM Disc, Erasable Optical Disc, DVD-ROM, Blue Ray Disc
Storage capacity = No. of Sectors X No. of Bytes per Sector
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Flash Drive
Also known as ‘Thumb Drive’ or ‘Pen Drive’
Not actually a drive – no moving parts
Based on EEPROM technology Essential components
1. Standard A USB Plug
2. USB Mass Storage Controller
3. Flash Memory Chip
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OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)
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OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)
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CONCLUSION
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THE END
Any Questions ?