components of a computer system components of a computer system

Components of a

Computer System

Components of a Computer System


Inside the system unit

- The cabinet

Inside it :- Mother Board, CPU, RAM, ROM, Data Bus, Hard Disk, Power Supply Unit etc…


Processor / CPU (Central Processing Unit )

- Brain of the Computer

- Speed is measured in Hz (Eg:- 2.4GHz Processor)

- Control Unit, ALU, Cache memory are in this chip

- Examples:- Intel Pentium, AMD, Cyrix …..


Mother Board

Main Circuit Board

ROM chip, Processor socket, Ram Slot and Chips and other electronic parts are on it


Power Supply unit

Converts Alternative Current (AC) to the Direct Current (DC) and Distribute to the parts like Hard disk, Mother Board, CD ROM Drive etc..


Peripheral devices

All the devices that are connected through the ports back side of the system unit


Connecting Devices to portsSerial Port


Connecting Devices to portsVedio Card Port


Connecting Devices to portsParallel Port


Connecting Devices to portsPS/2 Port


Connecting Devices to portsUSB Port (Universal serial Bus)


Connecting Devices to portsEthernet Port

(Network Port)


Storage

Registers

Cache

Main Memory

Disk

Magnetic Tapes

High

Cost

Low

Low

Access Time

High


Storage

Smallest Unit = 1 bit

8 Bits = 1 Byte

1024 Byte = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)

1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)

1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Byte)

1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB) 1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte (PB)

1024 PB = 1 exa byte (EB) 1024 EB = 1 zetta byte (ZB)

1024 ZB = Yotta byte (YB) 1024 YB = 1 xona byte

1024 XB = 1 weka byte (WB) ……….


Memory

Cache Memory

Random Access Memory

Read Only Memory


Cache Memory

Why :- Holds Data that immediately use by CPU

Where :- In The CPU

Capacity :- 512 KB, 1 MB etc…


RAM (Random Access Memory)

Why :- Holds Data Temporary (Volatile)

Where :- On the Mother Board

Capacity :- 128MB, 256,512MB, 1 GB ….


ROM (Read Only Memory)/ Firmware

Why :- Holds basic instructions that the computer wants

Where :- On the Mother Board

Non-Volatile Memory

There are 3 kinds

PROM – Programmable ROMInstructions once written can not be changed

EPROM – Erasable Programmable ROMInstructions can be change by using a UV (Ultra Violet) light in a ROM Burner machine.

EEPROM – Erasable Programmable ROMInstructions can be change by using Electricity



Secondary Storage


Hard Disk

Why :- Holds Data Permanently

Where :- In the System unit

How data Stored:- By polarizing Magnetic Particles

Capacity :- 20GB, 40GB, 80 GB, 160 GB …..

Components of a Computer SystemHard DiskPlatters Heads

Tracks

A sector, being the smallest physical storage unit on the disk

A cluster can consist of one or more consecutive sectors.


Floppy Disk

Why :- Holds Data Permanently

Where :- Floppy drive is in the System unit

How data Stored:- By polarizing Magnetic Particles

Capacity / Size :- 1.44 MB, 3 ½” inches


Zip Disk & Jaz Disks

Capacity :-

Zip 100 to 750 MB

Jaz – 1 & 2 GB


Magneto Optical disk

Why :- To store valuable data like films master copy etc…

How data Stored:- Using Laser Head & Magnetic Head

Capacity :- From 128 MB to …. GB


Magnatic Tapes

Why :- To store data (Used for Backup purpose)


Compact Disks(CD)/ Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)

Why :- To store data out side the computer

How data Stored:- Using Laser Lights

Capacity :- CD up to 700 MB, DVD 2 GB to 8 GB


Mechanism of saving data


Input Devices Key Board

Function KeysNumeric

Key Pad

Wired And Wire less Key Board Available


Input Devices Mouse

X

Y


Input Devices Tracker Ball Touch pad


Input Devices Micro phone Digital Camera


Input Devices Scanner

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

+


Input Devices Finger Print Reader


Input Devices Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)


Input Devices Environment Sensors


Output Devices Cathode Ray Tube (CRT Monitors)


Output Devices Liquid Crystal Display (LCD Monitors)

Less Space

Low Power consumption

Brightness images

No Flickers or Distortion

Expensive

Limited View angles


Output Devices Printers

Dot Matrix

Ink Jet

Laser


Output Devices Speakers Head phones


Device Drivers Software CDs provided with Devices

+ +

Components of a Computer SystemSoftware

Computer

Hardware

Can be seen & touch

Software

Instructions given to computer

Liveware

People who work with computers

Components of a Computer SystemSoftware Software

Operating SoftwareControls all the part of computer & lays between Hardware and Application Software

Wo

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Application Software

System Software

Utility programsEnhance the capability of an O/S

Sp

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Data B

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Presen

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Deskto

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Graphical User Interface (GUI) & Command Line Interface (CLI)

All the commands should be given by text

commands can be given by clicking


Function of Operating System

Hardware Application software

Operating System

(Works as a Bridge)

I am Typing a Letter using MS word

As Windows XP bring me to the Desktop


Booting the ComputerPOST – Power On Self Test

CMOS Setup –

BIOS – Basic Input Output System

Boot Strap Loader

2008.10.25

08.25 AM

components of a computer system components of a computer system

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