components and operation op power house

7/30/2019 Components and Operation Op Power House

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COMPONENT ANDOPERATION OF

POWER HOUSE

PRESENTED BY:

V.K. SINGHCHIEF ENGINEER

(DESIGN E&M), NHPC


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CONVERSION OF OTHER FORMS OF

ENERGY IN TO ELECTRICAL

ENERGY

HEAT ENERGY

POTENTIAL ENERGY


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ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO

POWER PLANT OVER

THERMAL IT CAN BE USED AS SYNCHRONOUS

CONDENSER

BETTER STABILITY DUE TO HIGH VALUEOF SCR

QUICK START/STOP

PEAKING POWER PLANT

CONT.


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LOW RUNNING COST i.e LOW TARIFF

LONGER LIFE

DRAUGHT AND FLOOD CONTROL

IMPROVED IRRIGATION BY ROUTINGTHE CANALS IN D/S

ENVIRONMENTLY FRIENDLY

POLUTION FREE

DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE


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DAM

CREATES HEAD

IMPOUNDS THE STORAGE


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HOW ELECTRICITY IS

GENERATED

?


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PENSTOCK

SPIRAL

CASING &

WICKET GATE TURBINE DRAFT TUBE TAIL RACE

GOVERNOR GENERATOR

BUS

DUCT GSU

SWITCH

YARD

COMPONENT OF POWER

HOUSE


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WATER POWER FORMULA

P MW =(9.81 x Q x H x t x g )/1000

Where ,

Q = Discharge in m3

/sH = Head in metre

t x g =Overall efficiency

N=(Ns x H1.25)/(Pt

0.5)

Where, Pt=Turbine output

Ns = Specific speed


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EFFECTIVE HEAD OR NET

HEAD

FOR PELTON

H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) -

TCL - Head loss

FOR FRANCIS AND KAPLAN

H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) -

TWL - Head loss


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TYPICAL HYDRO PLANT


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ROTOR


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STATOR SEGMENT


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HYDRO TURBINE

&

ITS AUXILIARIES


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TURBINES TRANSFER

ENERGY FROM

WORKING FLUID TO

ROTOR. THEY ACT ASPRIME MOVERS. IN

HYDRO TURBINES THEFLUID IS WATER.


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FRANCIS KAPLAN PROPELLER BULB

REACTION

PELTON

IMPULSE

TYPES OF HYDRO-TURBINE


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CHARACTERISTICS OF

TURBINE

1. HEAD

2. SPECIFIC SPEED

3. EFFICIENCY

4. OUTPUT


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SPECIFIC SPEED

Specific speed is defined as the speed in

revolutions per minute at which a turbinewould run at the best efficiency for fullguide-vane/nozzle opening under a head

of one unit and its dimensions havingbeen adjusted to produce unit poweroutput.

Mathematical expression,NS= N * (P

1/2/H5/4)

Where, N= Shaft speed in rpm, H= Rated

head in m, P= Rated output on kW


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EFFICIENCY OF

TURBINE

KAPLAN 93%

FRANCIS 94%

PELTON 92%


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MAJOR COMPONENTS OF

TURBINE

1. SPIRAL CASE/ DISTRIBUTOR

2. STAY VANES

3. GUIDE VANES/ NOZZLES

(DEFLECTORS)

4. RUNNER5. DRAFT TUBE


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MINOR COMPONENTS OF

TURBINE1. Turbine shaft2. Labyrinth

3. Turbine pit4. Turbine pit liner

5. Turbine housing

6. Servomotor7. Regulating ring

8. Turbine guide bearing

9. Shaft seal

PRESSURE RISE ND


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PRESSURE RISE ND

SPEED RISE

TYPE OFTURBINE

PRESSURERISE

(%)

SPEED RISE(%)

PELTON 15 to 30 20 to 45

FRANCIS 30 to 35 35 to 55

KAPLAN/BULB/PROPELLER

30 to 50 30 to 65

REFERENCE: IS 12837:1989


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INLET VALVES


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VALVES

Definition:

Valves are mechanical devices that are

used to isolate, or release fluid flowing

through pipelines.


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TURBINE SHUT-OFF

VALVES1. BUTTERFLY

(FOR HEADS ONLY UPTO 200 M)

2. SPHERICAL

(FOR HEADS ABOVE 200 M)


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APPLICATION

1. PENSTOCK

2. TURBINE INLET VALVE


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NEED

1. At lower heads, for inspection or

maintenance of turbine without involving

the time necessary to drain and refill the

penstock.

2. For higher heads, they perform the same

function but are also used to relieve

pressure of the wicket gates or needleswhen the turbine has off load for an

extended time.


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For very high heads it is usuallyfound desirable to provide spherical

valves of the turbine, for normal unit

shut down, as well as butterfly valves

at or near the top of the penstock as a

further security measure.


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OPERATING MECHANISM

1. Valve Servomotor

2. Pressure Oil System

3. Compressed Air System

ADVANTAGES OF


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ADVANTAGES OF

SPHERICAL VALVE

1. Shape is well suited to resist even

the highest pressure.

2. Hydraulic losses are negligible.

3. Closure is good

4. Space requirement are large.


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BYPASS VALVE

Should be sufficient to balance the

downstream pressure at least by 60

percent of the upstream pressure,

considering the maximum leakages

through the guide vanes.


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AIR VALVE

The size of the air valve should be

sufficient to release of admit air

according to rate of filling or draining of

water in the spiral casing/ distributor.


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GOVERNOR

Quality of power depends on:Frequency

Voltage

These need to be regulated properly for

stable and accurate output for good

performance.

Governing system is used for

regulating frequency and power

output.


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Requirement of governor characteristics

depend on following external and internalfactors:

1.External factors: Connected Power system

network. Type of load in Interconnectedpower system .

2.Internal factors: Changes/Disturbances in

long water conductor system


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REQUIREMENTS

1. Precision

2. Reliability

3. Stability

4. Sensitivity


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ELEMENTS OF GOVERNING

EQUIPMENT

SPEED SENSING DEVICE

EHGHMC

SERVOMOTOR

GOVERNOR


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GOVERNOR

CHARACTERISTICS

TEMPORARY SPEED DROOP

PERMANENT SPEED DROOP

38


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38

X SECTION THROUGH


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X-SECTION THROUGH

KAPLAN TURBINE

X SECTION THROUGH


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X-SECTION THROUGH

FRANCIS TURBINE

FRANCIS V KAPLAN


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FRANCIS Vs. KAPLAN

PELTON TURBINE


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PELTON TURBINE

PELTON NOZZLES


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PELTON NOZZLES

SHOP ASSEMBLY OF SPIRAL


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SHOP ASSEMBLY OF SPIRAL

CASE AND STAY RING


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THANK YOU

components and operation op power house

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