complete logistics company 2012€¦ · page 2 of 118 table of contents: page: the company profile...
TRANSCRIPT
2012
The Best Practice Guide for Managing the Fleet Operations of Cowley Waste Collecting Company
Done By:
Fatima Obaid
Lama Ajawi
Marwa Abdulla
Nada Salman
Zainab Nasser
Complete Logistics Company
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Table of Contents:
Page:
The Company Profile 4
Our vision 4
Our Mission 4
Company Overview 4
Introduction 4
Purpose 4
Terms of Reference 5
Method 5
What Is Fleet Management? 6
Section 1: Human Resources (HR) 7
Employees
Wages (Salaries)
Training
Section 2: Rules & Regulations 7
Commercial Register
Licenses
Section 3: Vehicles 8
The Required Vehicles
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Vehicle Utilization
Additional Vehicles
Section 4: Information Technology (IT)
Section 5: Maintenance
The Company’s Budget
Images of Maintenance
The Workshop
Tyres
Section 6: Fuel Management
Section 7: Accidents
Section 8: Health and Safety
Section 9: Insurance
Conclusion
References
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Table of Figures:
Figure 1 The location of Complete logistics Company in Manama, Bahrain ______________ 6
Figure 2 The location of CWC Company in Al Hidd, Bahrain __________________________ 9
Figure 3 Processes or steps for establishing a new business or service in Bahrain ________ 21
Figure 4 Places where hazardous signage should be on the vehicles___________________ 23
Figure 5 Types of hazardous signage ___________________________________________ 23
Figure 6 An Interview with Mr. Abdul Rahman Al-Mawda __________________________ 25
Figure 7 Driving license form (front) ____________________________________________ 26
Figure 8 Deriving license form (Back) ___________________________________________ 27
Figure 9 Heavy license card (back) _____________________________________________ 28
Figure 10 Heavy license card (front) ____________________________________________ 28
Figure 11 The Manufacturer’s Plate ____________________________________________ 38
Figure 12 The Ministry Plate __________________________________________________ 38
Figure 11 The axle of the vehicle ______________________________________________ 38
Figure 11 The front axle, rear axle and gross vehicle weights ________________________ 38
Figure 11 Nissan dump truck fitted with a Palfinger hook loading system ______________ 40
Figure 11 Nissan dump truck fitted with 10-12cu m tipping bodies ____________________ 40
Figure 17 Nissan JDF5080ZYSZN Compression Garbage Truck _______________________ 41
Figure 18 Nissan DND1241CWB UD Septic Tank Truck _____________________________ 42
Figure 11 One type of the vehicle brushes _______________________________________ 43
Figure 22 Nissan JDF5050TSLZN Street Sweeping Vehicle (2) ________________________ 43
Figure 21 Nissan JDF5050TSLZN Street Sweeping Vehicle (1) ________________________ 43
Figure 22 DND-CWB UD40T Dongfeng Nissan Diesel Dump Truck ____________________ 44
Figure 21 Case SR200 Skid Steer Loader _________________________________________ 45
Figure 21 TOYOTA COASTER 4.2L DSL 30 STR _____________________________________ 46
Figure 21 The digital tachograph ______________________________________________ 52
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Figure 21 The analogue tachograph ___________________________________________ 53
Figure 27 The Cowley Waste Collecting Company's Model of the Workshop ____________ 64
Figure 28 The Workshop's Pit _________________________________________________ 65
Figure 21 Example of the Lifts that CWC Company would utilize for the light vehicles (1) __ 65
Figure 12 Example of the Lifts that CWC Company would utilize for the light vehicles (2) __ 65
Figure 32 The Washing Area for the Vehicles _____________________________________ 66
Figure 11 Some Provide Spare Parts, such as: tires, oil, etc. _________________________ 66
Figure 33 Driver's accident report _____________________________________________ 81
Figure 34 a truck driver______________________________________________________ 83
Figure 35 vehicle accidents chart ______________________________________________ 85
Figure 36 Number of CWC Injuries During 2012 ___________________________________ 86
Figure 37 CWC Injuries Statistics for this year and for the future _____________________ 86
Figure 38 notice boards _____________________________________________________ 87
Figure 39 traffic signals _____________________________________________________ 87
Figure 40 road signs ________________________________________________________ 88
Figure 41 danger notice signs _________________________________________________ 88
Figure 42 a hump __________________________________________________________ 89
Figure 43 hump sign ________________________________________________________ 89
Figure 44 ROSPA award logo _________________________________________________ 89
Figure 11 Institute of Advanced Motorists logo ___________________________________ 90
Figure 11 Annual Assessment tamplet __________________________________________ 90
Figure 17 employment competency checklist_____________________________________ 91
Figure 18 Another assessment review pattern Pattern _____________________________ 92
Figure 11 annual health risk assessment ________________________________________ 93
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The Company Profile
Our Vision
Our company's vision is to be the number one consulting Company in the field of logistics in
Bahrain specifically and the whole gulf generally.
Our Mission
The mission of the company is to provide effective advices, suggestions, solutions and ideas
about what are the best things to be done for terms of their staffing, future plans, projects
and logistics requirements.
Company Overview
Complete Logistics Company is one of the leading providers of
logistics solutions in the Kingdom of Bahrain, which was
established in 2005. It is located in the Diplomatic Area in the
capital, Al Manama.
As a consulting company that offers logistics advices, our list of
clients would be any enterprise that includes transportation elements in operating its
business. The list would include governmental ministries and private companies; such as:
The Ministry of Education
The Ministry of Electricity & Water
The Ministry of Health
Al Jazeera Shipping Company
Bapco
Casablanca Hotel
Figure 1 The location of Complete logistics Company in Manama, Bahrain
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Introduction
Purpose
The justification behind this report is to provide a guide of best practice for CWC “Cowley
Waste Collection Company” that contains effective advices, solutions and recommendations
for its fleet management operation. In addition, important laws and regulations will be
provided in order for the company to operate properly and legally in the country.
Terms of Reference
This report that aims to provide a best practice guide for fleet management was requested
by Ms. Lorraine Cowley, the CEO of CWC Company. It will be submitted to Ms. Cowley in the
29th of December as it was requested, so that it can be discussed and studied.
Method
The report contains much information which was gathered from different resources. The
internet and articles are included for general information. Also, investigations have been
done for detailed information about needed licenses and regulations. Besides, fleet
management course notes were considered for essential principles. Finally, many valuable
facts were collected throughout interviews and field visits to governmental and private
institutes.
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Thank You!
All thanks and gratitude is given to the CWC Company for giving us the opportunity of
providing them with the best practice guide in order to set up their own fleet management
operations. Furthermore, we would like to express our appreciation of the supportive
services and cooperation offered by a number of generous managers and supervisors from
different companies; who are:
The Transport & Maintenance Manager of Gulf City Cleaning Company, Mr. James
R. MacDonald
The Chief of Driving License Branch of the Directorate of Traffic, Mr. Abdul Rahman
Al-Mawda
The Property Manager of Bahrain Credit, Mr. Jaafar Al Oraibi
The Service Manager of Toyota Plaza, Mr. Husain Haji
The Training Supervisor of Toyota Plaza, Mr. Husain Ali
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Cowley Waste Collection
Company is one of the
eminent business enterprises
that are considering managing
its own fleet operations. This
firm is located in the industrial
area, Al Hidd.
As mentioned previously, CWC
Company hired our team to
discuss the requirements of
owning an effective fleet.
Before doing that, the reasons that make this company requires a private will be displayed
as the following:
Source: academicjournals.org (2012)
Bahrain is a very small island with a relatively high number of population, which
contributes in increasing the quantity of wastes.
Recently, the number of varied industries has increased rapidly which led to
urbanization.
There are only a small number of organisations of this type in the kingdom.
The activity of collecting waste is needed to be done every single day.
For these reasons, Cowley Waste Colleting Company should handle its own fleet operations.
Figure 2 The location of CWC Company in Al Hidd, Bahrain
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What Is Fleet Management?
According to academicjournals.org (2012), fleet management is the backbone of the
transportation of any company. It is a combination of managing all operations associated
with vehicles; such as:
Purchasing Vehicles
Maintenance
Vehicle Utilization
Information Technology
Fuel Management
Human Resources
Health & Safety Management
Rules and Regulations.
These sophisticated operations cannot be done without the efficient people for controlling
it. This will be discussed in more details in the HR section.
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Section 1: Human Resources (HR)
Employees:
The company will need to employ a number of employees that each has different job. These
are examples of the needed employees:
Mechanics
Other employees (garbage
collectors, health & safety officer)
Drivers
Fleet Manager
The Fleet Manager:
Every fleet needs a fleet manager to operate and manage. A fleet manager is the one who is
responsible for the vehicles that are owns by a firm (careers.stateuniversity.com). Besides
that, a fleet manager is responsible for the organizational and administrative processes of
transit, repair and maintenance of vehicles (thejobexplorer.com).
The fleet manager who is going to be employed to do the job in CWC Company must have a
qualified certificate from university and graduated from an appropriate major to do the
work. In addition, many skills are required to be in the fleet manager, such as:
Interpersonal skills.
Excellent verbal communication
skills.
Good written communication
skills.
Well-known with the information
technology.
Familiar with some financial
aspects.
Good knowledge about vehicles
technology.
Good managerial skills.
Self-confidence and negotiating
skills.
Good attitude and respects
workers.
Aware of the environmental
issues.
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Source :( pathfindersolutions.co.za)
All the above skills are needed to be in the fleet manager for several reasons:
To be a good manager you should have a strong and leadership personality.
Know how to communicate with the employees, administration and internal and
external customers.
Able to write monthly reports about the sector he/she works in.
Able to work with computers and have knowledge of information technology.
Know some financial issues to manage the budget and cost schedules for
maintaining vehicles.
Have information about vehicles as their job requires them to monitor and maintain
the vehicles.
Able to do all kind of scheduling and organizing the administrative reports.
The ability to negotiate with admin and employees to convince their thoughts.
Respecting people around them so they could trust them and love to work with
them.
To be environmental by using tools and equipments those are not harmful on the
environment and know some of the environmental issues like vehicle emission
standers.
Furthermore, the fleet manager has many responsibilities to take in work as he/she is the
leader such as;
A fleet manager should maintain the vehicles every period of time and make sure
that his/ her fleet is not broken the laws.
Should know what can be successful for his/her business and determine the possible
failures of the business.
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Should know about the environmental issues that are caused by his/her fleet and try
to prevent them.
Should be able to make judgments on to judge and convince their thoughts.
Should ensure the safety and happiness of his/her workers.
Should be able to evaluate their stuff performance.
Should be able to train his/her employees and assemble professional development
for them.
Should be able to deal with the financial issues and have knowledge of business and
transport laws.
Source :( CILT, 2006 a)
The Drivers:
As the fleet manager is important for managing the fleet, drivers are also more important to
make the fleet operate. A driver is the one who drives the vehicle no matter for a short or
long time. In addition, drivers who are going to do the essential job in the fleet have to be
aware of their job and get the right skills and attitude to make the fleet operate effectively.
CWC Company is recommended to choose their drivers according to some skills that the
drivers have to have:
A valid heavy driving license and special license to drive the cleaning vehicle.
At least is 25 years old and not older than 50 years and in a good health condition.
Have an experience in driving for at least 5 years and a clean driving record.
Having the sense of responsibility to do the work perfectly.
The Capability to deal fast in difficult situations.
Strong ethic to deal with people or any situations such as traffic congestion.
Knowledgeable about the traffic laws.
Knowledgeable about the country he/she is going to work in or able to read maps.
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Ability to work at night and early morning.
Familiar about the vehicle parts and deal with the vehicle smoothly.
Sources: (Conroy; humanresources.hrvinet.com)
All the previous skills are required to be in the drivers for different reasons:
Having all the valid licenses to be able to do the work every day.
Not a young boy who does not have enough knowledge about roads or an old man
who cannot drive for a long time
Think fast to deal with or avoid any situation he/she come across.
Got the strong work ethic to deal with the other employees or the police when they
stop him/her.
Know the local area to do his/her job fast and able to avoid the traffic.
Know the vehicle parts so he/she could notice any damage and able to use the
vehicle.
In addition, the driver responsibility is not just driving the vehicle but also he/she is
responsible for another work such as:
Operate with the vehicle smoothly.
Chick the vehicles parts and the safety on it before driving.
Able to provide what is required from him/her in any situation specially accidents.
The Mechanics:
Moreover, as the Cowley Waste Collection Company is going to have their own fleet, they
are recommended to have mechanics to maintain their vehicles. The mechanics that are
going to be employ by the company have to have different skills so they could do what is
required from them. Some of the skills that the mechanics should have:
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Mechanics have to be graduated either from a technical high school or as a
mechanic from university.
Have good knowledge in math and physics.
Able to solve problems.
Creative and have good communication skill.
Familiar with the information technology and integrated skills.
Able to solve any problem related to vehicles by being prepared.
Know all the vehicles components and able to work with them.
Capability to teach others what he/she knows.
Sources: (Otis,2007; wisegeek.com)
The previous skills are required to be in the mechanics for many reasons:
Been educated well, so he could manage to solve many problems.
Good communicator to communicate well with the customers or drivers to know
exactly what is the problem.
Have the knowledge of information technology, so he/she could use in the work to
have the job done faster and accurately.
Garbage Collectors:
Garbage collectors are people who accompany the drivers and go out the vehicle to collect
the waste. For this job, there are no certain skills to be insure that the person who will be
employed to do the job have them because everyone has the ability to do it. However, CWC
Company has to put in mind that people who are going to work on it company has:
Good communication skills to communicate with public.
Not been in prison for criminal issues or has criminal records.
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Health and Safety Officer:
As the health and safety are all business, a health and safety officer should be employ to
look after the worker and the work place, monitor, implement and ensure that all safety
requirements are being applied (Hall,). CWC Company is recommended to choose their
health and safety officer according to many skills such as:
Having a bachelor’s degree in environmental health or any related programs.
Good communication skills.
Ability to solve problems.
Able to make reports, plans and manage the budget for health and safety
equipments.
Fundamental computer skills.
Have Good knowledge about the safety in the workplace.
Endurance to handle emergency situations and could carry health equipments.
Besides that, the health and safety officer is responsible for another work:
Capability to investigate workers when an accident happens.
Train employees to ensure the awareness on them and teach them how to act in
emergency circumstances.
Keep documentations to show to the administration and supervise employees.
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Wages (Salaries):
As a company going to employ people to do its business, the company have to pay for the
employees’ wages. Moreover, having different people doing different jobs will occur the
company to pay each person differently according to the work he/she does.
For example:
A fleet manager regarding to all his responsibilities should be paid a high salary; not
less than BD700.
The drivers with the high risk on them while doing their work should be paid fairly.
Bahraini people who are paid more can get a salary starting from BD300 per month.
Non-Bahrain drivers could be paid at least BD150 per month.
The mechanics considering the high work they do and the high risk on them have to
pay well. A salary not less than BD400 for Bahraini and BD250 for non-Bahraini.
The health and safety officer should be paid well according to his/her position and
the work he is responsible for. A salary not less than BD600.
Besides that, all employees should be paid for:
Transport Allowance.
Housing Allowance.
Cost of Living Allowance.
Bonuses.
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The organization's Expenditures on its Employees' Salaries and Wages (Schedule 1).
Cowley
Waste
Company's
Costs on
Salaries
and wages
Type of
employees
Numbers
of each
employee
The total
number of
employees
The expenses for each
employee
The total
cost for
each type
of
employee
The total
cost
Fleet Manger
One
350
workers
BD 1000
BD 1000
BD 2,000
Drivers 116 Bahraini
BD 300
(61#)
Foreigner
BD 150
(55#)
BD 50
With
bonus
BD 32,350
Mechanics 22 BD 400
(11#)
BD 250
(11#)
BD 35 BD 7,920
Garbage
Collectors
210 BD 100
(105#)
BD 70
(105#)
BH 15 BD 21,000
Health and
Safety Officer
One
BD 600
BD 600 BD 1,200
The Total Cost BD 64,470
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Training:
Most companies train their new employees to do their job in the right way which is called
orientation. Training the new employees in the beginning could avoid many defects to
happen and save money that could be spent on repairing. Also, orientation provides
knowledge and transfer experience to the new employees. Besides that, employees should
not just be trained in the beginning but also they have to be trained every period of time.
Trainings include ongoing assessment that drivers should be assist on to monitor them and
be sure of the way they are doing their job. Moreover, employees should be trained on how
to deal with any accident situation or any emergencies.
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Section 2: Rules & Regulations
Each company cannot operate in any country unless it meets the international and the
national roles and regulations. Rules and regulations are laws that are put by the
international associations and governments so it keeps the flows of operations easily
without any faults controlling everything in an organized way.
To have your own fleet for your own business, you must rely on some requirements by the
Local Law that is needed to be ensured before establishing any business.
Commercial Register:
The condition to start any business in Bahrain is the Commercial Register according to
Bahrain Ministry of Industry and commerce (MOIC).
Rules for having a commercial register:
Your age in not under 18
You must have High School Diploma
You must have in the Bank either 10000 BD or more
Required documents:
Company registration application form.
Copy of the CPR for whom requesting or copy of the passport for the foreign people.
Two copies for ownership document for the building or the rent contract.
Copy of electricity account number for the building.
Note: You have to pay 20BD for the Commercial Register.
(Reference: bahrainedb.com)
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Licenses:
All legal commercial business or service before it starts in Bahrain, must have a license from
the Municipal approving it.
The Municipal rules:
The volume of the building or the company must be suitable for the activity.
It is forbidden to show or stuck equipment or materials outside the building
without taking permission from the Municipal.
Figure 3 Processes or steps for establishing a new business or service in Bahrain
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Provide waste container suites with the volume of the garbage in the building.
It must be enough space for parking for two cars or vehicles.
It is forbidden to open building on the highway.
The Municipal laws for Industry:
The location must be in a proper area.
It must commitment to environmental controls required for the storage of
hazardous waste and poisonous.
It must have emergency exits.
All stocks and equipment must be contained inside the boundaries of the gate of
the building.
(Reference: bahrainedb.com)
Collecting hazardous waste license:
1. As a collecting garbage company, you need a license to collect hazardous waste
because it's very dangerous and not anyone can handle it.
2. You have to apply for a license to the ministry of municipality and pay fees attached
with some documents:
Document with the number of workers showing their experience handling
hazardous waste.
Provide prevention measures to prevent the leakage of dangerous waste while
collecting and moving it.
Any other documents municipality needs.
3. This license expired each year.
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Rules for collecting hazardous waste:
1. Not to carry hazardous waste without transfer form about the material and form
about safety related to it.
2. Transfer Company is not allowed to save hazardous waste.
3. Not to move dangerous waste to unlicensed dispose site.
4. Put hazardous signage on the vehicles.
5. Not to collect hazardous waste in peak hours.
6. Purge the vehicle in case of leakage.
7. Not to mix types of hazardous waste in one container.
(Reference: pmew.gov.bh)
Figure 4 Places where hazardous signage should be on the vehicles
Figure 5 Types of hazardous signage
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Workers:
For your company you may hire workers from Bahrain and from outside Bahrain. However,
Labor Market Regulatory Authority (LMRA) has a rule about the workers; in any company
the percentage of Bahraini workers must be 40%.
To recruit workers from abroad:
1. You have to apply in LMRA either by its website or by going there.
2. You must attach your apply with the commercial registry.
3. For each visa for one worker you have to pay 200BD.
(Resource: portal.lmra.bh)
Driving License:
Any person needs to have a driving license to drive in anywhere. In addition, there are many
kinds of licenses in Bahrain based on the type of the transportation. However, to collect
garbage, the organization will need to have fleet of heavy vehicles with a load of more than
3000 kilos. Therefore, it requires a heavy driving license and a special use license as it is used
for special purpose, which is waste collecting (MacDonald. J. ,2012).
Requirements needed to have heavy license and special use license:
On the 10th of December 2012, an interview was held with the Chief of Driving License
Branch; Abdul Rahman Bin Mohammed Al-Mawda asking him about the legal operations to
grant different types of licenses:
1. To have a heavy and special use license you must have a private license.
2. You must have 5 years' experience of the private license.
3. The minimum age to have a heavy license is 25.
4. Both Genders (male-female) can have a heavy license.
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5. You must have training (22 hours).
6. You have to pass driving test.
Private license:
The minimum age for this license is 18.
The processes to gain this type of license:
Fill in the driving license permit form from the General Directorate of Traffic.
Attached 2 personal picture and copy of the passport and the Identity card with the
form.
Pass the vision test.
Pay 34.500 BD.
Attend lecture for driving in the date given.
Train the driving for 22 hours.
Pay 30.000 BD for the driving test.
Pass driving tests.
Figure 6 An Interview with Mr. Abdul Rahman Al-Mawda
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In case of failing the driving test:
Trains determine hours by the traffic police who tests you.
Pay another 10 BD for the driving test.
Note: the processes of having a heavy and a special use license processes are similar to the
processes of having the private license.
Figure 7 Driving license form (front)
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Figure 8 Deriving license form (Back)
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The driver Nationality:
Mentioned processes are for Bahraini people.
If the person is from GCC, his license replaced with Bahraini license.
If the person is not from Bahrain or GCC, he must have heavy truck driver in his visa
and he must train driving for 22 hours.
Replace GCC license with Bahraini License:
Fill application form
Personal attendance and have vision test.
Having the GCC license which it must not be expired and a copy of it.
Attach personal picture and copy for the passport and Identity card with the form
noting that residency must be valid.
The age must be 25 or more.
Payment of fees.
Figure 10 Heavy license card (front) Figure 9 Heavy license card (back)
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Vehicles registration:
Every vehicle in the fleet must be registered by the General Directorate of Traffic by these
processes:
Conditions for the register:
1. To pay the fees for registering the vehicle.
2. To register vehicles in any insurance company in Bahrain.
3. The vehicles must meet the legal requirements.
Traffic and license department check the vehicles technically:
If there is something wrong they refuse the request giving the detailed reasons.
If the owner of the vehicle didn't show up on the right time at the right place for the
checking, he must pay new fees.
If the owner delayed in picking his vehicles he must pay daily fees.
The Last process: Traffic department produce plates for vehicles.
(Resource: moic.gov.bh)
Some vehicles’ rules:
(According to Mr. Abdul Rahman Al-Mawda)
The maximum speed for the vehicle is 80 km\hour in the highways and main roads.
The minimum speed for the vehicle is 30 km\hour in residential areas.
Vehicles must take the right side in roads.
It is not allowed to the vehicles to work in peak hours:
From 06:30 am to 07:30 am
From 01:30 pm to 02:30 pm
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Vehicles must have a license from the Municipality to operate at night; this license
expired each 6 months.
Working Hours for the employees:
For private sector:
From Saturday to Thursday
One day per week off
Work starts commonly at 8:00 am until 1:00 pm as the first shift and the second shift
starts at 3:00pm and end at 6:00 pm
(Resource: bahrainedb.com)
Labor laws:
(Resources: portal.lmra.bh - gccbh.com)
It is illegal to make the worker work for more than 8 hours daily or more than 48
hours weekly.
In Ramadan It is illegal to make the worker work more than 6 hours daily or 36 hours
weekly.
It is illegal to make the worker work for more than 6 consecutive hours without at
least half hour break.
Work hours and break hours must organize so workers don't stay at work placement
for more than 11 hours daily.
It is legal to make the worker work extra hours if it is for the good of the work but:
Work hours mustn't be more than 60 hours weekly.
Worker wage must be the same wage plus at least 25% for each extra daytime hour.
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Worker wage must be the same wage plus at least 50% for each extra nighttime
hour.
Worker wage must be equivalent to 150% of his normal wage for working on the
weekly day off and working in an official holiday or manager can give him another
comfort day.
It is illegal to make the worker works on the weekly day off more than two
consecutive times without worker approval.
It is legal to deduct wage if sick leaves are more than 182 days in the year.
The worker who worked for one consecutive year has the right to have holiday at
least 21 day and each year it increase.
Muslim workers can have leave without pay to go to Al-Hajj for period not more
than month once in his work term.
The worker has the right to have holiday in some cases:
1. 3 days for getting marriage.
2. 3 days in relative dead until the fourth class.
3. 1 day when having a baby.
Note: the worker must give his boss evident documents.
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Bahrain Traffic and Contravention Laws:
(Resource: hellobahrain.com)
Contraventions paid 5.000 BD
1 Passing Wrong
2 Obstructive the Road
3 Contravention Trailer to the law
4 Unclear plates number
5 Fix damaged car without making a report for the accident
6 Don't fix damaged car after reporting accident
7 Broken Vehicle lights and not lighting well
8 Non-covered loaded Goods
9 Driving without carrying truck documents and license
10 Not putting medical glasses
11 Not putting seat belts
12 Having child less than 10 years in front
13 Parking in " No Park " sign
14 Taking two parks
15 Driving with using mobile phones
The contraventions that would cost the violator 5.000 BD (schedule: 2)
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Contraventions paid 10.000 BD
1 Not giving the name and the address
2 Not allowing to see the documents
3 Not caring about controlling traffic laws
4 Not caring for the traffic signs
5 Leaving Animals carriage on road
6 Driving with no lights at night
7 Putting dark stickers obscured vision
8 Speed
9 Don't stop in red lights and crossing it
10 Incoming no thorough road
11 To do U turn when it's not allow
12 Make an accident and don't wait
13 Not telling the police about accidents
14 Not helping injured people in accident
15 Giving wrong information
16 To Park in " No Parking Crane "
17 Driving with an expired license
18 Vehicle's emission is so dense
The contraventions that would cost the violator 10.000 BD (schedule: 3)
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Public prosecutor
1 Fake Number Plate
2 Allowing someone without license to drive a vehicle
3 Driving with no license
4 Using the car to do illegitimate works
5 Driving no registration car or vehicle
6 Driving under effect of drugs
7 Driving while drinking Alcohol
8 Hurting or Killing someone while driving under the effects of Alcohol or drugs
9 Driving under legal age
10 Driving vehicle without having permission from its owner
The violations that impose meeting the Public prosecutor (schedule: 4)
Company Rules:
As a manager in a company having its own fleet, you have to make sure that your fleet is
organized. Besides Bahrain rules and regulations, you can have your own rules as long as
they are complying with the laws:
Note: If any employee or driver got 10 points in his record, manager stops his work for
week without payment.
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If the driver does not have his driving licenses "private, heavy and special use", he
gets two points in his record.
If the driver does not put the seat belt he gets 2 points in his record.
If the driver does not have hazardous waste documents while he collecting it,
manager stops his work for three days without payment.
If the driver does not put hazardous signage on the vehicles, he gets 5 points in his
record.
If the driver collects hazardous waste in peak hours, he gets fired.
If the driver had an accident and did not report it, he gets fired.
If the driver had an accident and it is his fault, the manager stops his work three
days without payment.
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Section 3: Vehicles
Vehicles are the most essential part in fleet management operations. In order for the
company to have an efficiant fleet, a number of vehicles that are required for operating the
business must be owned. Furtheremore, there are many critical points that must be
considered before and after buying the vehicles. These points can be devided into three
princible areas: lagality, effeciency and economy(CILT,2006 j).
1. Legality Points:
The legal points will be devided into two categories, before and after buying:
a) Before buying the vehicle:
Residence Permit:
A residence permit1 must be owned by the buyer if he was not a Bahraini
citizen.
Vehicle spesifications:
Make sure that the specifications of the vehicle meets the restrictions of
the Kingdom of Bahrain. Also, it is recommended to know the Curb Weight
of the vehicle. The curb weight stands for the actual vehicle weight not
1 A residence permit is a visa for the foreigners who wish to live in Bahrain. It can be required from
the General Directorate of Immigrations and Passports or its representative (moic.gov.bh, 2011).
•Residence Permit
•vehicle spesifications(emissons, wiehgts..etc)
Befor Buying The Vehicle
• Licenses/ Plates
•Wieghts After Buying The Vehicle
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including fuel, cargo, passengers...etc (sweetcoco, 2012). Therefore, it is
important not to choose a vehicle with heavy curb weight.
b) After buying the vehicle:
Licenses:
1. The vehicle must be taken to the General Directorate of Traffic that is
located in Isa town to be checked and assesed regarding it’s weight.
2. The vehicle must be registered in the Directorate of Traffic and a plate that
shows the gross vehicle wieght should be taken from there.
3. All vehicles must be fitted with two types of plates; the Manufacturer’s Plate
and the Ministry Plate (as shown in figure no. 11 and 12).
Wiehgts:
The vehicle wieght is very critical and it must be taken into account to
ensure regulations and safe loading limits. You must take in consideration:
1. Gross Vehicle Weight:
It is the absolute weight of the vehicle including all other components and
loads like cargo and passengers.
2. Axle Weights:
a. To know the axle weight, axles must be defined. According to
wisegeek.com, an axle is a straight shaft which keeps the wheels fixed in
their position and helps controlling them (figure13).
b. On the other hand, axle weight is the maximum weight that can be
carried on each axle of the vehicle (lnwrs.org.uk, 2004).
c. Never maximize the axle weight in order for the gross weight to be legal.
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THE GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT AND AXLES WEIGHT MUST BE CONSIDERED BEFORE LOADING
THE VEHICLE, TO KNOW HOW MUCH TO PUT INTO THE TRUCK AND PREVENT ANY WEIGHT
VIOLATION.
Figure 11 The Manufacturer’s Plate Figure 12 The Ministry Plate
Figure 11 The axle of the vehicle Figure 11 The front axle, rear axle and gross vehicle weights
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2. Effeciency Points:
Fuel efficiency:
The chosen vehicle should be efficient regarding fuel which means that it consumes
only a little amount of fuel to operate. As cited in carbondiet.ca (2011), fuel
efficiency can be known with this rating of Miles per Gallon or Liters per 100
Kilometers.
Engine Specifications:
Vehicle engine must operate with minimal disruption and provide optimum
performance. These things can be assured when choosing the appropriate engine
type and manufacturer (CILT, 2006 j).
3. Economy Points:
Fit for purpose:
While choosing the vehicle, the purpose of buing it must be considered. It must be
suitable for its intended use or else it will not be effectively useful.
The Required Vehicles:
It is recommended for CWC copmany to have 120 vehicles to cover all these areas in
Bahrain: residential areas, educational areas, industrial areas, business and diplomatic areas,
hospital and entertainment zones. The following companies were suggested by the
transport and maintenance manager of the Gulf City Cleaning Company Mr. James
MacDonald:
Yusuf Khalil Almoayed
Companies from the Middle East, such as: KSA and Kuwait. For example, the Kuwait
National Cleaning Company that is a common huge firm.
The vehicles will include more than one type and model.
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1. Nissan Dump Truck/ Tipper
This truck is very useful and easy to use for any hauling and dumping activities. It is
suggested for the company to have vehicles of this model as it will form a base of the
business. They are a six wheels tipping truck that is very useful in removing garden and loose
bulky wastes. 10 vehicles of this type are enough in our opinion.
A. Two of these vehicles are advised to be fitted with a Palfinger hook loading system.
B. On the other hand, the other 8 are advised to be fitted with 10-12cu m tipping
bodies.
General details:
Source: alibaba.com
Nissan 6x4 UD3459DR dump truck Drive Type 6x4
Fuel Type Diesel
Gross Vehicle Weight 24000 kg
Curb Weight 10000 kg
Emission Standard Euro 2
Allowable Passengers In Cab 3 Passengers
Number Of Axles 3 Axles
Front Axle-Load 6000 kg
Rear Axle-Load 18000 kg
Chassis Model DND3241CWB452H
Tire Number 10
Tire Specification 11.00-20
Front Tread 2,015mm
Rear Tread 1,860mm
Max Speed 90 km/h
Permissible Chassis Loading Capacity 12000kg
Price: US$87,400 / BD 32,913
Figure 11 Nissan dump truck fitted with a Palfinger hook loading system
Figure 11 Nissan dump truck fitted with 10-12cu m tipping bodies
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2. Nissan Garbage Compactor Truck
This is as much as good as the Nissan 6x4UD3459DR dump truck. However, it is smaller with
only one refuse compactor. It is recommended to have 25 of these vehicles to send it for the
smaller areas with less waste or tight urban areas.
General details:
Source: alibaba.com
Nissan JDF5080ZYSZN Compression Garbage Truck
Drive Type 4x2
Fuel Type Diesel
Gross Vehicle Weight 7600 kg
Curb Weight 4985 kg
Emission Standard Euro 3
Allowable Passengers In Cab 3 Passengers
Number Of Axles 2 Axles
Front Axle-Load 1556 kg
Rear Axle-Load 1478 kg
Chassis Model ZN1080A5ZJ
Tire Number 6
Tire Specification 7.00-16LT
Max Speed 95m/h
Price: US$36,120 / BD13,603
Figure 17 Nissan JDF5080ZYSZN Compression Garbage Truck
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3. Nissan Septic Tank Truck
This vehicle is used to suck all kinds of waste water, sewage, rain remnants and sludge. It
works as a vacuum which sucks the water waste very effectively. To have 15 vehicles of this
type is recommended.
General details:
Source: alibaba.com
Nissan DND1241CWB UD Septic Tank Truck
Drive Type 6x4
Fuel Type Diesel
Gross Vehicle Weight 24000 Kg
Emission Standard Euro 3
Allowable Passengers In Cab 3 Passengers
Number Of Axles 3 Axles
Axle-Load ---
Chassis Model UD DND1241CWB
Tire Number 10
Tire Specification 11.00_20
Tank Volume 8m3
Price: US$82,600/ BD31,105
Figure 18 Nissan DND1241CWB UD Septic Tank Truck
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4. Nissan Street Sweeping Vehicle
This vehicles works as a sweeper to clean the roads. It is provided with brushes down the
vehicle that sweeps all kinds of dirts in open-areas roads. In addition, there are many types
of brushes for different surfaces. It is recommended to have 15 of these sweepers.
General details:
Source: alibaba.com
Nissan JDF5050TSLZN Street Sweeping Vehicle
Drive Type 4x2
Fuel Type Diesel
Gross Vehicle Weight 5425 kg
Curb Weight 4860 kg
Allowable Passengers In Cab 2 Passengers
Number Of Axles 2 Axles
Front Axle-Load 3175 kg
Rear Axle-Load 3175 kg
Front Tread 1562 mm
Rear Tread 1458 mm
Max Speed 95 km/h
Price: US$52,300/ BD19,695
5. Nissan 6x4 Truck fitted with Dennis Eagle
Figure 21 Nissan JDF5050TSLZN Street Sweeping Vehicle (1)
Figure 11 One type of the vehicle brushes
Figure 22 Nissan JDF5050TSLZN Street Sweeping Vehicle (2)
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Phoenix 25cu m compactor bodies
These vehicles will form the basis of the waste collection fleet, they will be fitted with a
large hopper to collect and compact waste as well as hydraulic automatic bin
lifting/emptying system for large 1100 steel drums as well as smaller plastic bins in 240
litters and 120 litter sizes. It is estimated that Cowley Waste will require 50 of these.
General details:
Source: alibaba.com
DND-CWB UD40T Dongfeng Nissan Diesel Dump Truck Drive Type 6x4
Fuel Type Diesel
Gross Vehicle Weight 24000 kg
Curb Weight 12305 kg
Emission Standard Euro 2
Allowable Passengers In Cab 3 Passengers
Number Of Axles 3 Axles
Front Axle-Load 7000 kg
Rear Axle-Load 18000 kg
Chassis Model DND3251CWB459H
Tire Number 10
Tire Specification 11.00-20
Front Tread 2045 mm
Rear Tread 1860 mm
Max Speed 96km/h
Price: US$ 96,095 / BD58243
Figure 22 DND-CWB UD40T Dongfeng Nissan Diesel Dump Truck
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6. Skid Steer Loader
This vehicle is used for open land clearance. It is also advised for the company to have 5 Skid
Steer Loaders to load the Dongfeng Nissan Dump Truck with the bulky waste.
General details:
Sources: alibaba.com; simplyskidsteers.com
Case SR200 Skid Steer Loader Engine Model 432T/M3
Fuel Type Diesel
Operating Capacity 2200 lbs
Operating Weight 3130 kg
Tipping Load 1814 kg
Allowable Passengers In Cab 1 Passenger
Wheelbase 1130 mm
Operating Height 3900 mm
Tire size 10 x 16.5
Price: US$38,000/ BD14,309
Figure 21 Case SR200 Skid Steer Loader
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7. Toyota Coaster
It is suggested for the company to have a small quantity of these Toyota Coaster buses, in
order to transport its labor on the different contracts. For the moment, 5 are enough.
General details:
Sources: alibaba.com; toyota.com.bh
TOYOTA COASTER 4.2L DSL 30 STR
Drive Type 4x2
Engine Type 3RZ-FE 4-cylinder, in-line DOHC
Fuel Type Diesel
Gross Vehicle Weight 5180 kg
Curb Weight 3190 kg
Allowable Passengers In Cab 30 Passengers
Number Of Axles 2 Axles
Wheel Base 3935 mm
Front Tread 1690 mm
Rear Tread 1490 mm
Tire Number 6
Tire Specification 7.00-16LT
Price: US$52,000/ BD19,578
Figure 21 TOYOTA COASTER 4.2L DSL 30 STR
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CWC's Expenditures on its Purchased Vehicles (Schedule 5).
C
ow
ley
Was
te C
om
pan
y C
ost
on
Bu
yin
g V
ehic
les
( A
ll P
rice
s in
Bah
rain
i D
inar
)
Type of Vehicles Number of Each
Type
The Total
Number of
Vehicles
The Expenses on Each Type of
Vehicle
The Expenditures on
Each Type of Vehicle
The Total Cost
Nissan 6x4 dump truck/ tipper
10
120 vehicles
32,913 329,130
4,512,790
Case SR200 Skid Steer Loader
5 14,309 71,545
Toyota coaster 4.2L DSL 30 STR
5 19,578 97,890
Nissan JDF5080ZYSZN Compression Garbage Truck
25 13,603 340,075
Nissan UD Septic Tank Truck DND1241CWB
15 31,105 466,575
Nissan 4*2 street sweeping vehicle JDF5050TSLZN
15 19,695 295,425
DND-CWB UD40T Dongfeng Nissan Diesel Dump Truck
50 58,243 2,912,150
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Vehicle Utilization:
In order for the business to gain profit and create a competitive advantage over rivals, the
valuable assests of it must be used to the maximum advantage (CILT, 2006 h). Vehicles forms
an important and a huge part of the company’s assets. Therefore, they must be monitored
and utilised properly not only to cover the operating costs, but for maximising the profits as
well.
This cannot be achieved unless all the vehicles are being used properly everyday at
every seconed- excluding the ones that are under repair-. Buying a vehicle to be kept
at the workplace without being used is certainly not acceptable as it causes more
costs to the business instead of making profits.
There are many tools that helps monitoring vehicle utilisation such as Tachographs,
GPS systems and IT packages, and they will be explained in detail in the ICT section
on page number (48).
The main reason behind designing these tools is to maximize vehicle utilization by:
1. Maximizing driver utilization:
This means getting the best of your drivers regarding efficiency and
knowledge. They spend almost all of their day in roads driving their vehicles.
Hence, they can have valuable information of the most suitable routes to
reach the intended point with less effort, time and cost. Therefore, it is very
wise to put these points into consideration and take advantage of them.
2. Maximizing load utilization:
All the vehicles must be fully loaded when collecting the waste in order for
the utilization to be effective. The existence of the business will be
threatened if there were many vehicles collecting waste from different areas
but they go to the landfill half-loaded only. This problem could be solved by
the suitable route planning to collect from more than one area. Also,
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vehicle’s payload capacity can be monitored by the ratio of the actual
payload on the vehicle to the maximum payload that could be carried which
is called the load factor (CILT, 2006 h).
3. Minimizing mileage:
By minimizing the distance travelled by each vehicle, the business will be
saving money, saving time and saving the environment by reducing carbon
emissions. On top of that, fuel will be less consumed by the vehicles which
will result in reducing the cost. Again, this problem could be solved by the
suitable route planning.
4. Ensuring the service quality:
Using the vehicles for their intended use effectively will help maintaining the
quality of the service which in turn will lead to efficient vehicle utilization.
If achieved, these four will result in an efficient fleet with optimum operating levels.
The Load Factor =
Actual Payload Carried
Maximum Payload Capacity
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Additional Vehicles:
In waste colleting business, there will be some special seasons every year in which as the
demand will rapidly increase and the company resources might not be able to cover it; like
religious and local occasions. As these occasions happen annually, there will not be a need
for buying more vehicles while they are not used. Some examples of these events are:
Ramadan, Ashoora, Bahrain National Day, Eid, etc; the percentage of the garbage during the
previous mentioned occasions increase to 35pc, which means that there is 10pc more than
the thrown garbage in the normal days (m.gulf-daily-news.com, 2012). For this reason, the
fleet manager will need to consider adding more vehicles to the fleet.
As given in this table, there are two main options that CWC as - a small company - can use:
Source: (CILT, 2006 i)
Buying Vehicles OR Hiring Vehicles
This means to buy a new vehicle and
add it to the fleet permanently.
It is a serious decision that needs to
be studied regarding cost and the
life cycle costing.
Before buying any new vehicle, the
existing vehicle must be utilized to
the maximum.
This means that the vehicle will be in
the fleet for a limited period of time.
It is expensive. Therefore, it should
be kept to the minimum.
The hired vehicle must be chosen
wisely regarding the fleet needs.
A safety test must be done before
hiring the vehicle.
There must be an updated record of
the hired vehicles while in use.
A general check should be done
before returning the hired vehicles
to the supplier.
A copmarison between buying and hiring vehicles (schedule 6)
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Section 4: Information Technology (IT)
Information technology has developed a lot in the last century and still developing to
produce products and systems that makes the business much easier and more profitable.
Today, every single enterprise must have advanced technology systems in order to improve
the efficiency of its operations. For CWC company , there are many different products/
systems that could be installed. For monitoring vehicle utilisation:
1. The Tachograph
There are two types of tachograph, analogue tachograph and digital tachograph:
Sources: RSA.ie; ukmotorists.com; europa.eu
Comparisons Analogue Tachograph Digital Tachograph
Year of producing 1985 2006
De
scri
pti
on
A wax-coated chart
that shows marks and
records made by three
different styluses.
The driver must
write information on
the inner side of the
tachograph (like
name, start + end
point, date).
On the back side of it
there is a space for
the driver’s manual
entries.
A digital device that
stores date once the
vehicle starts to run.
The data is stored in
the driver’s card and
the vehicle unit
memory “VU” until it
gets full and then
replaced (driver’s
card: after 28 days;
VU: after one year).
It includes a small
printer which is very
useful for road side
inspections.
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Fun
ctio
n
It records:
Driving time
Speed
Travelled distance
Driver's activity (rest
periods, breaks )
Stopping times
It records:
Vehicle license
number
Driving time (for the
past 24 hours).
Speed
Travelled distance
Driver's activity (rest
periods, breaks )
Stopping times
Availability periods
Delays and driver’s performance can be showed by both types of the tachographs
which can help the fleet manager in many areas.
Drivers’
responsibility
More responsibility on the
driver.
Less responsibility on the
driver.
Time / efficiency More time/ Less efficient. Less time/ More efficient.
A comparison between the analogue and the digital tachographs (schedule 7)
Figure 21 The digital tachograph
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2. GPS
It stands for “Global Positioning System” and it is a navigation system which is
satellite-based. According to Garmin.com (2012), it forms a network consisting of 24
satellites placed into orbit. The GPS can position any vehicle everywhere on earth by
working 24 hours a day in all weather conditions. There are many types of GPS’s
nowadays and they vary in the specifications and the prices.
3. IT Packages
An IT package is a number of software programs that operates together to perform
comparable functions. Also, they are set together and sold as a software package
(webopedia.com, 2012).
Figure 21 The analogue tachograph
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“GPS Fleet Management Software” is an example of an IT package that is provided
by the prominent fleet management systems provider in Bahrain, Security 1. As
cited in security1.com.bh (2012), GPS Fleet Management Software is a very simple
tool that will help decreasing the vehicles costs, fuel costs and even salaries!
Source: security1.com.bh
GPS Fleet Management Software
Overview
The special feature about this system is the ability of accessing the
online platform to monitor the vehicle anytime, anywhere, with
only a secure username and password.
Features
Vehicle tracking and map viewing.
Showing vehicle history and drivers behavior.
Vehicle data and alarms.
Effective detailed reports.
Benefits
Maximizing Productivity
Minimizing Overtime
Reducing Fuel Costs
Reducing Communication Costs
Lowering Private Use
Increasing Security
Speeding turnovers
More
Lowest monthly fees
Support team availability 24/7
Chance for free trial period
A model of an IT package (schedule 8)
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Section 5: Maintnance
The Company’s Budget
Starting a business needs lots of work to do and significant things to consider; one of these
basics for Cowley Waste Company is its capital and budget, which everything else depends
completely on it. Money starts a business, builds it, supplies it, improves it and expands it.
Hence, the best thing to be done at the beginning is to plan the budget and identify the
areas, times, equipment and people that need specific amounts of expenses for various
reasons and causes, as it is shown in Schedule 9:
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The Areas that the Budget of Cowley Waste Company should Cover (Schedule 9)
Co
wle
y W
aste
Co
mp
any'
s C
ost
s an
d B
ud
get
(All
figu
res
are
BH
D)
The Company's Requirements
The
expenses of
each
requirement
The total
costs
The Expenses of Purchasing
Vehicles. 4,512,790 4,512,790
The Salaries and the Wages
of employees. 64,470 64,470
Information Technology
Software. 200,000
Workshop's tools and
equipment (spare parts, tyres,
oil, etc.)
158,800
426800
New equipment and
advanced tools, when
necessary.
Regular maintenance for the
tools.
Providing training courses for
mechanics. 180,00
Purchasing a piece of land
and establishing offices,
workshop & yard
250,000 Total
5,204,060
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Images of Maintenance:
Maintenance is the backbone of the sustainability of any organization in general and Cowley
Waste Company in particular; maintenance has various images of implementation, which all
are required to keep vehicles and equipment efficient for a longer period. Some of these
images are to:
Provide maintenance services to the utilized vehicles every three months or 6,000
miles to keep them roadworthy as it is citied in the CILT(2006 d), as it is shown in
schedule 2 each 10 vehicles would be maintained in a particular month and the
highlighted ones would be examples of the type of service that they would have:
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January February March April May June
Vehicle's
Plate
Number
12345
23456
34567
45678
56789
67890
98765
54321
43210
32109
4567
5678
6789
7890
1357
3579
2468
4680
5791
7913
1993
9139
1994
9197
7993
2020
1988
9994
2626
2030
5020
5437
8876
7009
1914
9482
4576
3321
5665
9019
21098
10987
76543
13579
24680
97531
86420
1234
2345
3456
9753
8642
6420
4208
2086
1123
1312
4151
7181
9181
4035
7788
2009
2486
1948
8208
4334
7050
4444
7273
123
234
345
456
678
789
890
901
812
723
220
575
312
423
534
645
756
978
867
900
12345
909
165
230
305
698
708
498
275
333
000
66665
34343
50004
23032
46116
82530
21493
17388
30377
71491
39383
93050
39095
38217
73790
91335
22344
14330
20103
The
Firs
t 4
0 V
eh
icle
s th
at w
ou
ld b
e M
ain
tain
ed
The
Sec
on
d 4
0 V
eh
icle
s th
at w
ou
ld b
e M
ain
tain
ed
The
Th
ird
40
Ve
hic
les
that
wo
uld
be
Mai
nta
ined
July August September October November December
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Maintenance Service Schedule for the Cowley Waste Company's Vehicles (Schedule 10).
As it is clear in Schedule 7, every forty vehicles would be maintained in one month, this
means that each vehicle would require almost one whole day for maintenance, and to be
more specific ten vehicles would be maintained in each week that ends with maintaining
two vehicles. So, having one day would be enough to cover two vehicles. There would be
almost two to three mechanics working on one vehicle according to the Training Supervisor
of Toyota Plaza, Mr. Husain Ali and the rest of the mechanics would have other companies'
vehicles to maintain as well especially, that there are 22 mechanics that the CWC is
recommended to hire.
Vehicle's Plate
Number
The First 40 Vehicles
That would be
Maintained
The Second 40
Vehicles That would
be Maintained
The Third 40
Vehicles That would
be Maintained
The First 40 Vehicles
That would be
Maintained
The Second 40
Vehicles That would
be Maintained
The Third 40
Vehicles That would
be Maintained
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The highlighted vehicle's plate numbers would be utilized as examples of the type of service
that all the vehicles would go through in a specific month; that would be analyzed in the
next table:
The Highlighted Vehicles' Plate Numbers
Type of
Maintenance
Service
12345 23456 4151 7181 4444 7273 333 12345
Tyres
Oil
Filter
Suspension
Breaks
Wipers
Engine belts
Radiator
Lights' Bulbs
Others
A model of maintenance service's types that could be done to the CWC's vehicles (Schedule 11).
Let the drivers check the condition of the vehicles' accessories before utilizing them
in each time, to avoid any advanced problems when they are used for operating.
Each vehicle would have its own file that contains its own checklist and records
about the vehicle, which is very essential when it comes for selling the vehicle or
when the police ask for it (CILT, 2006 d).
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A model of a driver's checklist (Schedule 12).
Vehicles' Accessories Yes No
The Side Mirrors
The Front Mirror
The Lights
The Wipers
The Seat belt
The Break
The Motor Engine
Others
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Arrange a regular meeting or more that suit the working schedules of the fleet
manager, the mechanics and the drivers to discuss the following:
Discuss the roadworthiness and any problem of vehicles based on the
completed maintenance services and the checklists.
Make a decision on purchasing a new vehicle or maybe more depending
on the vehicles' files.
Have a discussion with the mechanics and the drivers to identify the
reason of the problem that could occur (whether the obstacle is in the
drivers, the routes, the mechanics, the trucks, etc.
Update the drivers with the procedures that should be taken when the
vehicle is broken down.
According to CILT (2006 e), making a preventative maintenance to the vehicles
during the regular tests or services, would help in finding out the exact problem and
solving it in an earlier stage and qualify the trucks to operate for a longer period.
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The Workshop:
In order to keep these vehicles maintained, in the case of having 120 garbage vehicles, CWC
would have two options which are either to have its own workshop or to send the vehicles
to an external one (CILT, 2006 e):
The advantages and the disadvantages of owning a workshop or using an external workshop
(Schedule 13).
Internal Workshop External Workshop
Has a complete control of time (do not have to wait for servicing other firms' vehicles).
The maintenance service would be available for the vehicles, whenever it is required.
Saving the company's expenditures on maintaining its vehicles.
When companies head to the workshop for maintenance, it would become a profit center and could even expand in the long term.
Mechanics, who work there, are specialists and experts in their field.
The expenses would be less, when excluding all the related expenditures of having an in-house workshop. For instance: the costs of building a workshop, providing it with mechanics, tools and regular maintenance for the equipment.
The cost of constructing a workshop is very high.
Providing the workshop with well- trained and skilled mechanics is expensive.
Supplying the workshop with advanced equipment, which is not cheap.
These tools would need to be maintained to operate efficiently, which would cost a lot of money as well.
If the service level was more than three hours, then vehicles at the service are late for doing their job and that could cost the CWC plenty of its money and reputation. That means the CWC has less control of time.
A big amount of the company's costs and expenditures would go on maintaining the vehicles.
There is a big possibility to be cheated (e.g.: selling a spurious rather than a needed OEM, such as a break, with a high cost).
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When choosing the external workshops as an alternative, these are some recommended
workshops for maintenance (MacDonald, 2012):
Khalil Almoayed Workshop.
Nass Central Workshop.
However, it is recommended to CWC to construct its own workshop for all the previous
mentioned advantages, and because of having a large number of fleet that would cost a lot
of the company's budget; however, establishing a workshop and supplying it with all the
required tools and equipment would be extremely expensive as well but it provides three
basic elements that the company would really need:
Time Sensitive.
Workshop Availability.
Profit for the long term.
This is a general image of the internal workshop that would be built:
Figure 27 The Cowley Waste Collecting Company's Model of the Workshop
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In addition to that, these are some equipment and tools that should be provide and supplied
to CWC Company's Workshop:
There would be six pits in the workshop, because most of the purchased vehicles
would be heavy ones.
Also, there would be some lifts, about four that would be provided with cranes.
Figure 28 The Workshop's Pit
Figure 21 Example of the Lifts that CWC Company would utilize for the light vehicles (1)
Figure 12 Example of the Lifts that CWC Company would utilize for the light vehicles (2)
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Furthermore, spare parts, which are the key element in the workshop, would be
provided with.
Besides, there would be a prepared area for cleaning the vehicles called "The
Washing Area".
Figure 32 The Washing Area for the Vehicles
Figure 11 Some Provide Spare Parts, such as: tires, oil, etc.
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Tyres:
One of the vital procedures when picking the vehicles is to ensure that the tyres are
perfectly matching with the vehicles, which means that the sizes of both the vehicles and the
tyres should be suitable for each other, as it is shown in the Schedule 8:
Type of
Vehicle Picture of Vehicle
Type of
Tyre
Picture of
Tyre
Depth of the
Tread
Nissan 6x4
dump
truck/
tipper
11.00-20
Front
tread: 2,015m
m
Rear
tread: 1,860m
m
Nissan
JDF5080ZY
SZN
garbage
compactor
truck
7.00-16LT
-
Nissan UD
Septic Tank
Truck
DND1241C
WB
11.00_20
Front
tread: 2,015mm
Rear
tread: 1,860mm
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The Tyres' Specifications of the Purchased Vehicles (Shedule14).
Nissan 4*2
street
cleaning
vehicle
JDF5050TS
LZN
-
Front
tread: 1562 mm
Rear
tread: 1458 mm
Case SR200
Skid Steer
Loader
12-16.5
Tread Depth:
23/32PSI
TOYOTA
COASTER
4.2L DSL 30
STR
4.2L
Front
Tread:
1690 mm
Rear
Tread:
1490 mm
DND-CWB
UD40T
Dongfeng
Nissan
Diesel
Dump
Truck
11.00-20
Front
Tread:
2045 mm
Rear
Tread:
1860
mm
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It can be inferred from (section 3: vehicles, part: the required vehicles) that all of the
considered vehicles weight more than 3500 kilograms, which interprets the fact of having
the tread depths of the tyres more than 1.0 mm (CILT , 2006 g).
As it was demonstrated previously tyres is one of the important elements that should be
maintained and checked regularly; some of the points that should be considered when
checking the tyres would be clearly shown in the next table (CILT, 2006 g):
Tyres'
Conditions Picture of Possible Errors Yes No
The inflation
of tyres.
The visibility
of tyres'
treads.
The
volumetric
consistency
between the
vehicle and its
tyres.
Basic Points that should be Noticed When Checking the Tyres by the Drivers (Schedules 15).
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Section 6: Fuel Management
Fuel is another aspect that should be put into consideration; it is the backbone element that
vehicles depend on when moving, so it is an essential source that CWC Company cannot
move on without it.
In order to manage the fuel as it is cited in CILT (2006 k), there are two options that could be
implemented; either to have:
A fuel tank, which is similar to the petrol stations; however, it is smaller for an
identified use.
OR
An agency card, which is a kind of payment for the vehicles that allow them to pay
by a card rather than cash. These vehicles are allowed to use this kind of card
because of a contract between the vehicles' company and companies that have
petrol stations spread in many places, such as: Bapco and Tatweer.
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This table shows a comparison between the two options, the fuel tank and agency cards, as
following:
Fuel Tank (Small Station)
A large fleet requires a fuel tank because:
There would not be a need for
consuming too much of the vehicles'
fuel, because the fuel tank would be
near to the workshop.
However, because it is a flammable,
valuable and dangerous element, it
would need:
An insurance that is too high.
A high safety and security.
Besides, the raw materials that are used
in constructing the fuel tank are very
expensive.
Agency Card
It is very practical when drivers have
no cash to pay.
The fleet manager would need to
have a look at certain records from
the petrol stations that he had a
contract with; these records include:
The amount of expenses spent on
fuel of each vehicle accurately.
From these records the manager could
identify some problems that the vehicles
have because of the big use of fuel as an
example.
The distance from the workshop to the
petrol station would consume a specific
amount of fuel that depends on the
length of the distance.
The advantages and the disadvantages of having either a Fuel Tanker or an Agency Card (Schedule16).
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What is recommended?
The best alternative would be using the agency cards at the beginning of the business in
order to save the expenses for things that are more important to be well provided, such as:
buying the ideal vehicles. However, when the business improves and starts to gain more
profits then, it would be better for the company to have its own fuel tank. The reason
behind doing this is ensuring that the flexibility of the financial situations can cover all the
establishing, safety and insurance costs without pushing onto the company's budget.
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Section 7: Acciedents
As any vehicle drivers of CWC Company might involve in accidents, many Procedures should
be followed by the drivers and the business fleet manager. Firstly, accidents cannot take
place and considered as an accident according to CWC Company unless (CILT, 2006 L):
It Harms another vehicles like trucks, cars, buses …etc..
The accident caused damages to roads properties, such as road lights, trees, signals
…etc..
It harms other people other than the vehicle driver itself.
It harms particular animals, such as …..
The CWC Company vehicle exists in the accident location whether the drive inside
the vehicle or not. For instance, a drive may park the vehicle in wrong or dangerous
area and get away from it, if an accident is made, the driver will be responsible for
that.
When CWC Company involve in any accident, then several procedures should be applied:
(CILT, 2006 L)
Firstly, when anyone was injured from that accident, the details should be reported
to the police after a while or within the same accident day.
Furthermore, accident information beside a sketch (if available) should be finished
wholly.
After that, the vehicle should be checked by CWC Company before applying them
and any damages or defects in that vehicle should be reported fully as well to the
police and CWC Company fleet manager.
In addition, CWC Company should punish their drives if they do not stop after
making the accident or do not report that accident. According to Yathreb Jameel,
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Bahraini lawyer, “the maximum offences for these two previous crimes are
proximately BHD 2450” (Yathreb Jameel).
The Required Procedures at the moment of Accident: (CILT, 2006 L)
To talk in details, there are different vital procedures which must be applied by CWC
Company drivers at the accident scene. Firstly, when the accident is made, the
drivers should follow these procedures orderly:
CWC Company driver must stop directly when he involve in an accident.
Then, according to Kingdom of Bahrain law, the driver is free to leave
continue waste collecting journey if no harms or damage happen to the
driver or his vehicle beside all people who are involve in that accident with
their vehicles, however, the driver must go to the nearest police department
to inform about the accident if it is simple and nobody is harmed. On the
other hand, if anyone is injured the driver should call both the police plus
the ambulance to save others life (Yathreb Jameel).
Only continue with the journey if they are completely satisfied that the
vehicle is entirely roadworthy and that any damage is not serious.
After that, if possible the driver should give the other drive some important
information, like his name and his personal address (Abd Al.rahman
Al.Maawda).
Furthermore, if possible the driver has to collect much information from
both the other driver and drivers who involve in the accident and the
accident witnesses before they go away from the accident location (Yathreb
Jameel).
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As well as these the driver should record the main information about the
circumstances of the accident.
Also, the driver is responsible for contacting with the garage if anything
needs to be fixed whether it is external or internal garage ("Drivers
Responsibilities").
Beside these, if the drivers think that he might delay, the driver should call
CWC Company transport department to inform them and the company
should provide another truck to collect wastes in order to cover the required
areas on time.
The driver is responsible for the truck safety, so the driver should stay with
the vehicle until finishing the accident produces if possible or the driver can
leave after he ensure that the vehicle’s doors and windows are locked.
Secondly, due to several unknown factors which could affect on the accident, CWC Company
drivers should not examine the accident reasons to people except policemen. Some of these
indefinite factors might be: (CILT, 2006 L)
Mechanical breakdown.
The other vehicle might break the roles. For instance, the other car might be
stolen, without MOT certificate, or uninsured.
Also, the driver might have been drinking or using medication or drugs,
Furthermore, the driver may be under the legal age for driving, not be
licensed, not well qualified for driving, not in good health case or mad
("Driving regulations").
Also drivers in some cases may be illusory that they caused the accident and
they are the biggest offender in that situation.
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There are many reasons beyond avoiding any conversations related to the accident, the
most important reasons are: (CILT, 2006 L)
Motor insurance organization might not compensates CWC Company for the
accident harms.(Jaafer Al oraiby )
Policemen might not believe CWC Company driver due to the spread of rumors
between the accident witnesses beside their sayings differentiation. (Abd Al.rahman
Al. Moawda)
Thirdly, CWC Company drivers should be ready to transfer the accident details to the
concerned party such as insurance company or law courts if it needs after the accident in
order to discover circumstances of incident. Thus, the drivers should do these things: (CILT,
2006 L)
Noting the accident details like the location, exact time and some picture by mobile
phones .
Furthermore, drivers should note the accident witnesses details.
In addition, they should record the witnesses vehicle registration number and if
possible their mobile number.
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The required Information at accident the Scene: (CILT, 2006 L)
Different kinds of information are required to be recorded by the driver who is involve in an
accident, these information are:
Name beside of the other driver address.
Name beside address of the owner of the other vehicle.
Names beside addresses of the accident witnesses.
The other Vehicle or vehicles registration numbers.
Name of the other vehicle’s insurer.
Damages of all vehicles which involve in the accident.
Accident location.
Direction of all vehicles which involve in the accident plus their speed.
Road signs which are exist before and in the accident location.
Position of turning, traffic signs and roads and their impact on the accident.
The weather and lighting conditions.
Reporting Accidents: (CILT, 2006 L)
Reporting any accident is an important action for CWC Company. It helps policemen and the
insurance company to investigate clearly in circumstance of incident. So, CWC company
drivers are responsible for collecting the required details to write accident reports as they
face accidents and deal with the situation. There are different instructions that drivers
should follow to have good accident reports:
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In terms of reporting accidents to police, drivers should:
Provide just the important details to police without unbeneficial
information.
Also, they should issue a Certificate of Security or a Certificate of Insurance
when the accident causes harms, injury or death to the other party.
When that certificate is not available, CWC Company drivers must provide it
to police as an original copy during seven days from the accident.
In terms of reporting accidents to the insurance company, CWC Company drivers
must:
Tell the insurance company about the accident within 24 hours of the accident day.
Make interviews with witnesses to collect the required information.
Send the accident report to the insurer after ensuring that it contains all beneficial
information for investigation.
Write the accident report and finish it as soon as possible as he still remembers
what happened exactly in the accident.
In addition, CWC Company can send this accident report to the insurer before a court.
Beside this, CWC Company can give this formal document to the third party representative
as an evidence for the case. The report can be brought before a court or disclosed to the
legal representatives of the other drivers as evidence.
The exceptional cases: (CILT, 2006 L)
On the other hand, if CWC Company drivers are unable to finish the accident report as he
was injured or died because of the accident, CWC Company fleet manager will be
responsible to do this task be visiting the accident location or let another employee to do
this job("Fleet Manager Duties").
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The ways of representing the accident report forms:
In terms of the ways of representing the accident report forms, CWC Company can create
this form as a hard copy and give them to their drivers, or it can create the form as soft
copies and let their drivers to access them via smart phones (Health and Safety Executive of
UK).
Perfect forms.com is recommended for CWC Company to deal with in order to get solution
regarding Workflow forms, especially the accident report as they are the most professional
website regarding this kind of document (Perfect Forms). The following are layout pattern of
soft copy of accident reports which are available at that website:
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Figure 33 Driver's accident report
CWC Company drivers, fleet manager or anyone who is responsible for filling out this report
should follow these instructions according to CILT (2006 L):
Finish all form section and write ‘N/A’ or not applicable in boxes that do not use.
Provide just the necessary information.
Be accurate in writing.
Use formal writing style.
Finally, according to the same source, after finishing the accident report CWC drivers and its
line manager should: (CILT, 2006 L)
Add their telephone number, signs and signings dates.
Forward the accident report to the company motor insurer as soon as possible.
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Waiting for the insurer telephone calls and their notices.
Procedures to avoid accidents, damages and repetition: (CILT, 2006 M)
Many instructions should be followed by CWC Company drivers in order to reduce
the future damages, accidents and repetition as mentioned below:
1. Regarding vehicle damages and inspection:
If CWC Company owns the damaged vehicles which involved in
accidents, they should check them before letting drivers to use them
again.
If CWC Company already hired these damaged vehicles, the drivers
are responsible for following these procedures.
Before repairing any of these damaged vehicles, all repair facilities
should be already ordered to get authority for implementing as well
as avoiding wrong invoicing and additional cost.
2. Regarding claims against CWC drivers:
Drivers must be advised to notify their managers directly when they
receive a claim regarding damages or a notice of intended
prosecution.
CWC Company must not accept responsibility for any driver actions
who acts outside the scope of his duties like using the company
trucks without permission.
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3. Regarding Driver Discipline: (CILT, 2006 M)
Punishments of CWC drivers must be:
Warning.
Retraining.
Firing.
They are different according to accident seriousness level.
Figure (34): a Truck Driver http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-
much-does/truck-driver-salary/
Figure 34 a truck driver
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According to Low of Bahrain, several drivers’ crimes that drivers must be fined (Yathreb
Jameel):
Crime Name Its Punishment
Get Drunk While Driving
Fine minimum BHD 100 + Prison for
one month (could be differentiate
according to the case).
Passing the red traffic signal. Fine BHD 100 + Prison for one month
(could be differentiate according to
the case).
In spite any driver might beseech in ejecting case, CWC fleet manager must not sympathize
with that driver as providing safety for the company, public properties and others must be
the biggest target for him. Furthermore, any unqualified and careless driver could make a
very bad image for CWC Company as they represent the front office of the company (“The
Case for Hiring 'Under-Qualified' Employees, 2012”).
Also, the fleet manager should not blame him-self after taking decision to punish any of CWC
drivers as this decision is taken after studying the case carefully and making interview with
the driver before (CILT, 2006 M).
According to the accident seriousness level penalty should be taken. Thus, the fleet
manager must take the right decision, follow the right penalty and he/she should be aware
that removing any driver from his duties does not form an action of disciplinary and also
driving allowance is not a part of contractual entitlement (CILT, 2006 M).
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4. Regarding Accidents analysis:
This process assists to reduce the number of accidents, injuries and harms in future and it
might be helpful for developing CWC local system capable of comparing depots and/or types
of vehicles involved in accidents to enable the fleet manager to compare CWC vehicle
accident statistics as the following:
Source: today.slac.stanford.edu
Figure 35 vehicle accidents chart
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In addition, CWC fleet manager can compare injuries number from time to time to develop
the safety of the company. The following is an example:
Figure 36 Number of CWC Injuries During 2012
Seriously injured
simple injury
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Serious Injuries
Simple Injuries
Figure 37 CWC Injuries Statistics for this year and for the future
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Reducing Accidents: (CILT, 2006 M).
CWC fleet manager must do everything to assist avoiding any accident which might cost
CWC lots of money as accidents affect vehicles, people and properties. As a result, this could
affect badly on the business market. Furthermore, the fleet manager should be the pattern
of discipline for other business employees like drivers by applying some ideas to reduce
accidents:
Putting results of accidents on notice boards and avoid confusing by avoiding using
normal graphs.
Source: 1stwykeregisguides.weebly.com
Motivating CWC drivers to follow ‘defensive driving’ culture.
Source: asenseofhumordriving.com
Figure 38 notice boards
Figure 39 traffic signals
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Working on observation and do not ignore the business problems.
Working on drivers evaluating and training.
Using warning notices of potential dangers.
Source: openclipart.org
Putting mirrors around CWC buildings and its site.
Applying road signs.
Source: s3.freefoto.com
Figure 41 danger notice signs
Figure 40 road signs
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Introducing speed humps in CWC roads.
Source: en.wikipedia.org
Also, according to ehow.com, there are other ways to avoid accidents like:
(“How to Reduce Traffic Accidents”)
Allow cars to park at the curb which will make people drive city streets as cautiously
as neighborhood roads besides making sidewalks safer for pedestrians by creating a
buffer.
Consider removing traffic lights altogether which would make drivers force to pay
attention and yield all time.
Enough spaces for movement of fire tenders should be available.
In addition, there are some initiatives which could help reducing number of
accidents:
ROSPA awards: (ROSPA) Stand for The Royal Society for The
Prevention of Accidents. It offers awards for drivers who have not been
involved in ‘blameworthy’ accidents before (“How to entre”).
Figure 43 hump sign Figure 42 a hump
Figure 44 ROSPA award logo
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Source:rospa.com
Local competitions: (CILT, 2006 M)
CWC Company could arrange their own competitions to offer points to its drivers for:
Safe.
Economic practices.
Good driving records in terms of good behaviors for example.
By creating the spirit of competing among the drivers, the productivity will increase and the
number of accidents will minimize.
Institute of Advanced Motorists:
CWC Fleet manager should motivate the drivers to become
members of the IAM which helps them to improve their skills and
driving abilities (IAM).
Source: .highgatehouse.co.uk
Annual reassessment: (“Annual Assessment”)
It is another helpful way to avoid accidents by display all result in particular writing
style as the following:
Source: img.docstoccdn.com
Consist of
Figure 11 Institute of Advanced Motorists
logo
Figure 11 Annual Assessment tamplet
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Figure 17 employment competency checklist
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Figure (): Another assessment review pattern Pattern
http://www.nap.edu/openbook/12531/png/34.png
Figure 18 Another assessment review pattern Pattern
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Traffic accident system: (CILT, 2006 M)
It assists in analyzing traffic accident information and finds the poor areas where
CWC drivers should pay extra attention to let the fleet manager follow right steps
for improvements.
Rewards for safe drivers. CWC drivers can be rewarded for professional driving with
special duties, such as chauffeuring visiting VIPs (CILT, 2006 M).
Local focus groups. By this group CWC drivers could work hardly to encourage
defensive driving and developing the accident record (CILT, 2006 M).
By using these initiative combinations besides following correct procedures in CWC
Company, accidents and its human and financial cost might be minimized to satisfactory
levels.
Figure (): Annual Assessment by statistic
-http://www.networkhealth.com/_files/_graphics/_charts/millennium
Assessment.jpg-Risk-Health-Annual-A-Group-eInsuranc-Health-results/Millennium
Figure 11 annual health risk assessment
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For all CWC Company employees:
Traffic actions table (schedule 17)
Case Action
1 When CWC driver see an ambulance behind him with its siren on.
Changing to the right lane along the pavement, and then stop
2 At junctions when the light changes to green and there is heavy traffic.
CWC drivers must Do not enter the yellow-lined area unless your traffic line is clear.
3 In case CWC drivers are involved as a vehicle driver in a minor accident with no injuries,
The drivers must move the vehicles off the main road, stop outside the road, and wait for the police to come.
4 As vehicle driver, what should you do if you approach an area for pedestrian crossing controlled by a light signal if the light is green?
Slow down, give way for pedestrians to cross and alert other drivers to the fact that pedestrians are crossing.
5 What should CWC vehicle drivers do near schools and through residential areas?
Not to use the horn unnecessarily to avoid disturbance.
6 If CWC drivers see a school bus and a "stop" sign coming out of it near the driver’s window.
Stop completely and wait for the children to cross.
7 Where is the safest place for children to sit in the car? The back seat.
8 At residential, densely populated areas and near schools, what is the speed the drivers should drive at?
40 kilometers/hour generally and 30 kilometers/hour according to Low of Bahrain.
9 If drivers are driving at 80 kilometers/hour on a four-lane street where the speed limit is 120 kilometers/hour, what should you do?
Use the slow lane.
10 What does the green signal mean? Make sure that the way to the junction is clear, and then cross the junction.
11 If the drivers are driving your vehicle at 80 kilometers/hour, how much should the distance between you and the car in front be?
5 cars, which is 25 meters approximately.
12 Under normal conditions when should the car lights be turned on?
Before sunset and till sunrise
13 When there is fog, what should the vehicle driver do? Turn the car lights on and slow down
14 On a four-lane street, what should the driver of a heavy vehicle do?
To use the right lane only.
15 When you approach a junction, and the signal is green, what should you do?
Slow down and to cross while the light is green, and to prepare for a stop when it turns red.
16 If your vehicle breaks down, what should you do? Alert other drivers of danger by using the hazard signal and the danger triangular sign, if available, or any other means.
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Section 8: Health & Safety
As CWC is considered as a small company, establishing Health and Safety
Office will be enough to provide the required safety, however, the
company should deal with external Health and Safety centre to control
the safety of the business as risks become higher (Husain Ali).
Recently, Health and Safety office of CWC Company should consider providing safety for
Fuel Tanker as the biggest concerns for the company as fuel tanker has a very high risk and it
could cause many problems like fires. Indeed, all CWC staff is responsible for providing
safety and security, however, Health and Safety Office job is manage process of providing
safety and security (Husain Haji).Also, CWC Health and Safety Office is responsible for the
following:
Speed Limit:
They should tell the company truck drivers that the maximum speed limit is 80 in
highways and their truck speed limit should not be 30 in residential area in order
to increase safety (Abd Al.rahman Al.Maawda).
Tools and Equipment:
In order to provide safety all different tools and equipment's which are used in
the company should be original, especially the workshop tools and equipment's
as they could cause accidents and injuries to the staff (Ryan, 2003).
Stuff uniform, gloves, glasses , shoes and helmets :
CWC staffs who deal with waste, maintenance and repairing must wear
uniforms, gloves and special shoes to protect them from any danger. Also,
workshop staff should wear glasses and helmets to protect their eyes and heads
from any harm (The University of Edinburgh).
SPEED
LIMIT
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Training:
All CWC staff should trained, especially the workshop staff and the drivers To
increase safety CWC Company should provide periodic training courses for the
workshop staff and choose leaders who should lead the employees in the
workshop and control the workshop maintenance(Husain Haji, Manager Service
at Toyota). For more safety, the workshop leader should not let new employees
to work alone and they should work with a second hand tools and equipment
until they become well qualified (“Safety in the Workshop”).
Employees health case:
All CWC employees must be in good health. They must not be suffering from
contagious diseases (University of Virginia). Also, employees should be
responsible for other employee's health (CILT, 2006 N).
First Aid:
CWC Company must have a health centre which should be have all the required
first aid kit in order to treat injurers. Beside this, first aid boxes should be
provided in all company departments for safety (Husain Haji).
Figure (): Mechanic Guys.
http://www.technologystudent.com/health1/safetyr1.htm
Figure ():http://www.mayoclinichealthsolutions.com/products/Health-
Assessment-Personal-Health-Report.cfm
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Usage of x-hoses pipes and showers in the workshop:
If CWC Company constructs a workshop, x-hoses pipes should be provided for
air purring. Also, showers must be available there for emergency. For example if
chemicals fell on an employee, he could wash this body quickly. Furthermore,
the workshop and offices waste should be removed to provide a clean
environment (Hussain Haji).
Fire Extinguishers: (The Fire Protection Association)
The following picture says that:
There are 4 types of fire extinguishers.
All of them are red, however, ach one has different lines colors (coding).
Each one has different usage and warnings.
-facts-aid-first-10-http://narsako.wordpress.com/2012/02/06/topFigure ():
fallacies/-and
Figure ():http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/images/graphics/fire_extinguishers.gif
-hose-http://www.redmen.com.au/fireFigure (): Fire Hose:
reels.php
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Also, Fire hoses and fire protection are used for fires. Thus CWC should use all of these kinds
according to its usage (Husain Ali):
Location What and why Quantity
CWC Departments Depend largely on Fire Protection as building consist of roofs + few Fire Hoses if fire protection do not work and Fire extinguishers
(Carbone Dioxide CO2 because it is standard).
Fire Protection in all roofs + if CWC consists of one building it needs 4 fire extinguishers + 5 Fire Hoses.
Workshop Power Fire Extinguishers as they are used for both liquid and electricity. Fire Protection as the very high multi risks in workshop+ fire Hoses for fire protection breakdown cases.
Trucks Fire Extinguishers
Near Parking Area Fire extinguisher + fire Hoses.
All of fire extinguishers need be to maintained by CWC Health and Safety
Offices.
Fire Alarms:
The company needs to provide more than one fire alarm for emergency and to
let all staff hearing the alarm (klaxon Signals).
-fire-http://larsondarby.com/services/engineeringFigure (): Fire Protection
protection
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Fire assembly points: (TCOB Ltd).
Fire assembly point’s locations need to be chosen to tell staff about it by putting
panels and advices. The selecting of these locations depends on these points:
Size, it should be wide.
Locations safety, it should be far away from flammable things.
It must be outside buildings.
CWC Company must have 2 fire Assembly Points
Figure ():http://www.klaxonsignals.com/
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According to this map:
As CWC Company has flammable materials, the risk of fire is very high. Therefore, fire
assembly points must take place in the planning design. The fire assembly point is an area
CWC Company is recommended to re=,figuwhere people gather in case of fire. As shown in
have two fire assembly points. The first point is for people who are in the CWC Workshop
and the car parking area. The second point is a gathered area for people who are in the
departments, resting area and Truck parking area.
The Flow of the workshop, entrance and exit gates:
Near to the Company entrance Gate
Near to the company Exit
Gate
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Throw Flow should be followed in CWC Company in order to avoid accidents in the
workshop, entrance and exit gates (CILT, 2006 N).
Exit Doors:
Exit doors should be available in all CWC Company building as it is important for
emergencies like fire. About the exit doors at the company workshop, they
should be only opened from inside for more security and safety (Husain Ali).
Exit Door= for emergency
In and Out Door = for staff flexibility movement.
Exit door example in the workshop
Quick Service for Trucks:
To increase the safety level of CWC Trucks, Quick services should be provided by
CWC workshop, drivers and mechanics guys. These services should take short
Figure ():http://www.123rf.com/photo_15537893_emergency-fire-exit-door-and-exit-door-
sign-with-human-figure.html
The Workshop
CWC Company
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time and help to discover any breakdown quickly before drivers go to collect
waste in order to replace that truck which has defect with another truck (The
Original Truck Dealers).
CWC internal roads lines:
Health and Safety Office must ensure that CWC internal road lines are clear and
re-pained from time to time to avoid vehicles accidents (Gov.uk)
Speed of unloading wastes:
CWC Drivers should not unload waste quickly as it might cause accidents and
injuries for staff or animals that are approach or in unloading area. Also, it
should be lift in a safe area far away from people (The University of Lowa, 2000).
Figure ():http://bestclipartblog.com/31-truck-clip-art.html/truck-clip-art-
19
Figure ():http://goodwinroadlines.blogspot.com/
Figure():http://www.painetworks.com/previews/gt/gt1760.html
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Seat Belt: (CILT, 2006 F).
Seat belt is very critical. All CWC drivers should use it while driving for safety and
CWC health Office should encourage drivers to use it by putting rules signs. If
drivers do not follow these rules signs CWC Safety and Security office should
follow these standard procedures:
In the first time, they should recommend drivers to use Seat belt standard rules.
In the second time, drivers must given a warning formally,
In the third time, drivers must be withdrawn from driving.
In the fourth time, drivers might lose his job.
Workers place at CWC Truck:
workers who are responsible for collecting waste directly from garbage place to
the truck should not stand at the back of the truck while the driving in public
roads and highways, however, they can stay there if the driver drive in
residential area and his limit speed not more than 30 (Abd Al.rahman
Al.Maawda).
Vehicles Parking Area:
Health Safety and Security Office should ensure that each kind of vehicle have
private parking areas. The following are the distribution of parking areas:
Safety in Fuel stations:
Drivers are responsible for safety in fuel stations. When they go there to fill
trucks fuel, they should turn their trucks mobiles off. Also, they should not
smoke there (CILT, 2006 N).
5%
21%
74%
Car Parking Area Distribution
Visitors parking area
employees parking area
Trucks parking area
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Material used to cover the CWC floor: (Husain Ali)
CWC workshop must be covered by Asphalt to avoid accidents as it is used for
heavy vehicles, could be cleared easily and it is not slippery. Other buildings
floors can be covered with ceramics as it is cleaner than carpets but warning
signs should be provided to inform staff to be careful and not wear slipper and
unsuitable shoes.
Work Safe System:
CWC staff must be informed to carry out tasks safely. For instance, they should
not ride on the fork of the forklift as they can be broken Furthermore, Safety
Policy Statements, Safety Representatives and Safety Committees must be set up in the
company to increase staff awareness (CILT, 2006 N).
CWC Responsibilities:
CWC Company is responsible for: (CILT, 2006 N)
Identifying and controlling hazards.
Organizational structure, monitoring and reviews of health and safety.
agreements.
Health surveillance like exposure to adverse conditions.
Health and safety assistance by providing appointment of competent
health and safety staff.
Risk and prevention Information to employees.
Figures () ():http://www.seton.net.au/service-station-signs-switch-off-engine-no-smoking-
s9655.html
flooring.com/floors.html-Figure():http://www.cnf
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Staff training.
Having temporary workers for emergency.
Employees’ duties. Thus it should build up requirements to co-operate.
Risk assessments importance to CWC safety: (CILT, 2006 N)
It is an important element of CWC Safety.
It concerns with assessing all CWC vehicles and equipments before using them.
It highlights hazards to people who might be on-site, or in a vehicle, whether responsible
for risk or not.
All CWC risk assessments should be recorded and saved for future to be used in
investigations and increasing future safety level.
Also, they must be updated when work system or equipments change and when new
vehicles and equipments are hired.
Other health and safety regulations : (CILT, 2006 N)
These rules are involved with CWC fleet manager position:
Reporting all CWC accidents, injuries and risks.
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health.
Health and Safety Checklist: (CILT, 2006 N)
Two reasons behind using Checklist by CWC fleet manager:
To identify risks involved with vehicle activities.
To evaluate whether existing backup are enough or more backup are
needed.
Checklists Types: (CILT, 2006 N)
Checklists
Workplace
Checklists
Employees
Checklists
Vehicle Activities Checklists
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Workplace Checklists:
The required layout of CWC vehicle roads should be check in this checklist type
beside
the
pedestrian activities inside the company. According to CILT (2006 N), some
examples of things which need to be checked are:
Also, CWC employer must check if the routes of vehicle traffic are proper for the used vehicle
quantity and type. For instance: (CILT, 2006 N)
CILT (2006 N) states that some points regarding proper provided safety features
need to be checked like:
Are road marked where important like are the way right at road junctions?
Direction signs, speed limit signs are they important? Where appropriate, signs
like Give Way, No Entry etc?
Features like a fixed mirror is it important to be provided greater?
the safety and Furthermore,
CWC vehicles for suitability of
need to be checked. the work
2006 N): Like (CILT,
http://webdev.polytechnic.bh/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=3054Taken from:
Retrieved from:
http://webdev.polytechnic.bh/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=3054
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In addition, CWC vehicles should be checked if it is yield to suitable maintenance
procedures or not by answer some questions like: (CILT, 2006 N)
Does the driver carry out basic safety checks before driving vehicles?
Are there any regular preventative maintenance programs for each truck,
carried out at before periods of time or mileage?
Employees Checklists: (CILT, 2006 N)
For example:
Do you check the previous experience of CWC drivers and test them to
ensure they are well qualified?
Do you train staff on how to perform the job, and information about
particular risks, speed limits, the appropriate parking area etc?
Do you have a refresher training planned program for drivers the staff to
ensure their continued competence?
Furthermore, the fleet manger should check what CWC staff does when
undertaking their work activities by answering some questions like:
Does staff drive with cars and use right routes, rules, instructions, etc?
Do they park in safe locations at all times safely?
Are the employees using safe working practices like loud and unload?
Also, he should in debate with your employees, about his control/supervision
management level like:
Are his employees aware of the site rules and aware of their
responsibilities regarding maintaining a safe workplace beside safe
working practices?
Retrieved from:
http://webdev.polytechnic.bh/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=3054
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Are the employees supervised and held answerable for their
responsibilities, and are penalties systems enforced when staff fails to
maintain standards?
Vehicle Activities Checklists: The fleet manager should check that reversing maneuvers are kept to a
minimum, and that, where reversing is necessary, it is undertaken safely in safe
areas like
Is there chance for introducing one-way systems on roads to avoid the
need for reversing maneuvers?
Can the fleet manager exclude non-essential personnel from areas?
Is there a need to identify and mark ‘reversing areas’ to be clear to both
pedestrians and drivers?
Furthermore, he should check if drivers take care when parking their vehicles,
and their own private cars, and they park in safe locations like:
Do drivers use the designated parking areas?
Do they ensure that trucks are broken and secured before leaving them?
Are vehicles always parked in secure location, or guarded sites, as required?
Also, he should check that loading and unloading operations are carried out safely and correctly like:
Section 9: Insurance
Insurance is a promise to return and pay for any unexpected loss happen in the future with a
periodic payment (investorwords.com). The aim of insurance is to protect the business from
collapsing and protect the people and the work place from anything that could happen.
As Cowley Waste Collection Company are going to own a fleet of truck, it is their
responsibility to insure that the trucks will be able to work without any contraindications.
Moreover, the company should also insure the safety and health of its drivers and
employees. In addition, the insurance is very important specially for the drivers that spends
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all their time driving the vehicles which could put them in the risk of any injuries or death
risk if any accident happen.
It is recommended for the CWC Company to use the AXA financial service insurance because
it is known world widely as an excellent insurance company provide protection and
recoveries if any loss occur. Moreover, it provides a special kind of commercial insurance
vehicle called fleet insurance for fleets that contains of more than four vehicles. (axa.co.uk,)
The fleet manager is responsible to choose the insurance company and decide what policies
that the company is going for to satisfy its demand. Vehicles and people are the main things
for the company that must be cover under insurance.
Vehicles:
Vehicles must be insured from any damage could happen to them such as fire, theft or
accidents. After a contract between the company and the insurance company it is the
responsibility of the insurance company to fix the damage in the vehicles when a fire or an
accident occurs and to return or provide if it is possible a vehicle when it is theft.
People:
All people in the workplace (drivers, visitors, and employees) must be insured from any
injuries or death risks. Many offers are provided by the insurance companies to insure the
safety of people and the workplace.
The fleet manager is responsible for purchasing the insurance and to choose the best
insurance that covers all the company needs and to renew the policies of the insurance
every year. In addition, the insurance is going to be expensive as it is a commercial
insurance.
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Conclusion:
In conclusion, there would be two basic possibilities for CWC Company’s fleet; either to
succeed or to fail. This table is interpreting the three scenarios and what should be done in
each case:
In Case of Success
Being successful and at the top does not mean that you are finished. You have to keep growing and developing more and more, because success is not only about being number one, but also to keep improving.
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In Case of Having A Competitor
Competition is the energy for your company. If you have a very good competitor, you have to imagine yourself in a battle and fight for your life or you will lose it. So, fight for your success or you will get out from the battle.
In Case of Failure
There must be something wrong that is needed to be discovered and fixed. Have hope, believe in your employees' abilities and face failure. Try to study all the reasons that led to this situation and find the solutions using better strategies to help you stand and walk in the way of success.
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King, T. (n.d.). Dnd-cwb ud40t nissan dump truck ud tipper/dump truck etc tom: 86-
15271357675. Retrieved from: http://dongte.en.alibaba.com/product/488874496-
200982057/DND_CWB_UD40T_Nissan_Dump_Truck_UD_tipper_dump_truck_etc_T
OM_86_15271357675.html
Labor law. (2011). Retrieved from: http://www.gccbh.com/vb/t98492.html
M.gulf-daily-news.com. (2012, December 18). Stop wasting food! . Retrieved from:
http://m.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?newsid=293913
Ministry of Industry and Commerce, (2007). Setting up a business in Bahrain.
Retrieved from:
http://www.bahrainedb.com/uploadedFiles/BahrainEDB/Doung_Business_in_Bahrai
n/InvestorsGuide.pdf
Ministry of Industry and Commerce, (n.d.). Regulation. Retrieved from website:
http://www.moic.gov.bh/MoIC/en/Regulation/
Ministry, E. (2012, March 22). Ministries websites. Retrieved from:
http://www.moe.gov.bh/en/ministry.aspx
nsurance. (n.d.). Retrieved from:
http://www.investorwords.com/2510/insurance.html
Otis, K. (2007, December 13). 5 skills every auto mechanic should have. Retrieved
from: http://news.wyotech.edu/post/2007/12/auto-mechanic-skills
Plaza, T. (n.d.). Specifications. Retrieved from:
http://www.toyota.com.bh/pages/coaster/spec_30.php
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Page 114 of 118
Public Commission for the Protection of Marine Resources, (2006). Hazardous waste
management. Retrieved from: http://www.pmew.gov.bh/lawsPDF/PMEW/010.pdf
Recording equipment. (n.d.). Retrieved from:
http://www.rsa.ie/en/RSA/Professional-Drivers/Tachograph-cards/Tacograph-
Equipment-/
Required fleet management skills. (n.d.). Retrieved from:
http://www.pathfindersolutions.co.za/index.php?page=fleet_management_skills
Residence permit. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.moic.gov.bh/MoIC/En/MoIC
Centers/BahrainInvestorsCenter/Post Registration Services/ResidencePermit/
Society, L. (n.d.). What does that word mean. Retrieved from:
http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/Glossary/glossaryao.php
Steers, S. (n.d.). Case sr200 skid steer loader. Retrieved from:
http://www.simplyskidsteers.com/skid-steers/model/case/sr200
Tachograph. (2012, October 09). Retrieved from:
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/road/social_provisions/tachograph/
Truck driver job specification. (n.d.). Retrieved from:
http://www.humanresources.hrvinet.com/truck-driver-job-specification/
Wisegeek. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-skills-are-
needed-for-mechanical-engineer-employment.htm
Writing, A. (n.d.). Required skills for auto mechanics. Retrieved from:
http://www.ehow.com/about_5417911_required-skills-auto-mechanics.html
Yang, J. (n.d.). Nissan ud septic tank truck. Retrieved from:
http://hbdali.en.alibaba.com/product/581331837209865119/Nissan_UD_Septic_Ta
nk_Truck.html
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yin, A. (n.d.). Nissan 6x4 dump truck/ tipper. Retrieved from:
http://www.alibaba.com/product-
gs/680362993/Nissan_6x4_dump_truck_tipper.html
Course notes:
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) a: (session1) “Vehicle and
Business Insurance”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) d: (session4) “Vehicle
Maintenance (1)”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) e: (session5) “Vehicle
Maintenance (2)”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) f: (session6) “Weights”.
Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) g: (session7) “Tyres and
Seatbelts”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) h: (session8) “Vehicle
Utilization”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) i: (session9) “Additional
Vehicles - Hiring”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) j: (session10) “Additional
Vehicles - Acquiring”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) k: (session11) “Fuel
Management”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) l: (session.12) “Road Traffic
Accidents 1”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
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Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) m: (session13) “Road Traffic
Accidents 2”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. (2006) n: (session14) “Health Safety &
Security”. Retrieved from Moodle database, Bahrain Polytechnic.
Pictures:
Figure 13: “The axle of the vehicle”. Retrieved from:
http://www.smallfordspares.co.uk/m/fitting_instructions/bearing-fit-6.jpg
Figure 14: “The front axle, rear axle and gross vehicle weights”. Retrieved from:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Axle_groups.svg/300
px-Axle_groups.svg
Figure 15: “Nissan dump truck fitted with 10-12cu m tipping bodies”. Retrieved from:
http://image.made-in-china.com/4f0j00yMvaNjbnlTWg/DongFeng-Nissan-Diesel-
Mining-Dump-Truck-6x4.jpg
Figure 16: “Nissan dump truck fitted with a Palfinger hook loading system”.
Retrieved from:
http://extranet.palfinger.com/evo/web/palfinger/5954_EN.jpeg?exp=24538727229
119
Figure 17: “Nissan JDF5080ZYSZN Compression Garbage Truck”. Retrieved from:
http://upload.ecvv.com/upload/Product/201112/China_Nissan_JDF5080ZYSZN_garb
age_truck201112615215110.jpg
Figure 18: “Nissan DND1211CWB UD Septic Tank Truck”. Retrieved from:
http://i01.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/581331837/Nissan_UD_Septic_Tank_Truck.jpg
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Figure 19: “One type of the vehicle brushes”. Retrieved from:
http://i01.i.aliimg.com/img/pb/358/993/465/465993358_544.jpg
Figure 20: “Nissan JDF5050TSLZN Street Sweeping Vehicle (2)”. Retrieved from:
http://hbjndf.en.alibaba.com/product/565956844-
200809161/JDF5050TSLZN_Nissan_4_2_font_b_street_b_font_font_b_cleaning_b_f
ont_font_b_vehicle_b_font_road_sweeper.html
Figure 21 “Nissan JDF1212TSLZN Street Sweeping Vehicle (1)”. Retrieved from:
http://i00.i.aliimg.com/img/pb/820/043/466/466043820_874.jpg
Figure 22: “DND-CWB UD40T Dongfeng Nissan Diesel Dump Truck”. Retrieved from:
http://www.gulfcitycleaning.com/gallery.html
Figure 23: “Case SR222 Skid Steer Loader”. Retrieved from:
http://images.autoline.info/s/construction-equipment-skid-steer-loader-CASE-SR-
200---1_big--11102813075054696700.jpg
Figure 24: “TOYOTA COASTER 4.2L DSL 30 STR”. Retrieved from:
http://image.b2bweb.co/gontrade/images/359/gontrade_327522.jpg
Figure 25: “The digital tachograph”. Retrieved from:
http://www.ukmotorists.com/motoring/tacho1.jpg
Figure 26: “The analogue tachograph”. Retrieved from: http://www.digital-
tachograph.co.uk/files/0001/Instr.jpg
Figure 3: “Processes or steps for establishing a new business or service in Bahrain”.
Retrevied from:
http://www.bahrainedb.com/uploadedFiles/BahrainEDB/Doung_Business_in_Bahrai
n/InvestorsGuide.pdf
Figure 4: “Places where hazardous signage should be on the vehicles”. Retrevied
from: http://www.google.com.bh/imgres?hl=ar&tbo=d&tbm=isch&tbnid=u-
GQY_Jba1GziM:&imgrefurl=http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop05029/a
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ppendix_b.htm&docid=Fw9c80kYJ9wkOM&imgurl=http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publicat
ions/fhwahop05029/images/fig_b3.gif&w=466&h=273&ei=gMHYUOT8OvK00QX_t4
CYBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=475&vpy=281&dur=216&hovh=172&hovw=293&tx=1
85&ty=105&sig=106559171332465393808&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=218&start=0
&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0,i:115&biw=1252&bih=585
Figure 5: “Types of hazardous signage”. Retrevied from:
http://www.google.com.bh/imgres?hl=ar&tbo=d&tbm=isch&tbnid=mKGfYUZUMTJx
pM:&imgrefurl=http://www.safetysignsuk.co.uk/health-
safety&docid=354jzNzOWst7VM&imgurl=http://www.safetysignsuk.co.uk/images/h
azardous-substance-
signs.gif&w=577&h=243&ei=gMHYUOT8OvK00QX_t4CYBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=
550&vpy=101&dur=494&hovh=146&hovw=346&tx=261&ty=66&sig=106559171332
465393808&page=1&tbnh=111&tbnw=264&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:0,i
:133&biw=1252&bih=585
Figure 33: “Drivers accident report”. Retrevied from:
http://www.quask.com/common/samp les_accident_report.asp