Complete GrammarNick Coates

The essential companion that improves students’ learning

Complete Grammar is a new and comprehensive grammar course for Ethiopia. In four volumes that provide full coverage of grades 1-12, this new series is tailored to the English language curriculum. Helping to improve students’ understanding of each topic in the curriculum, these books can offer valuable guidance throughout their study at primary and secondary level.

How Complete Grammar can help your students:

deals with grammar clearly and thoroughly, including full explanations and examples to guide and assist students

offers an easy-to-use, student-focused approach, with examples and references familiar to students’ everyday life

uses up-to-date, modern teaching methods that will engage students

includes a wide range of engaging practice exercises to reinforce learning

features appendices for quick reference.

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34 The present perfect tense | Unit 12

The present perfect tense

Unit 12

A Present perfectUSEThe present perfect tense links the past and the present. The action takes

place in the past but there is always a connection with now. It is used for:

• the recent past, often with just/already/yet. We have just finished. They have already arrived. Has she eaten yet?

• the unfinished past, often with since/for. We have been here for ten minutes. They have lived here since 2001.

• experiences, often with ever/never. Have you ever eaten snails? I’ve never flown in a plane.• changes, comparing the past and present. The climate has warmed in recent years. The baby has grown quickly.FORM

1 We form it with has/have + (not) + past participle: Iyouwethey

have (’ve)have not(haven’t)

walked arrivedknownseen

hesheit

has (’s)has not(hasn’t)

walked arrivedknownseen

2 The past participles of regular verbs end in -ed. Some common verbs are

irregular. You have to learn their past participles. See page 112 for a list.

see – seen eat – eaten go – gone3 Note the difference between the past participles been and gone.

He has gone to Ghana (and he is still in Ghana now).He has been to Ghana (but he is back from Ghana now.)

4 To make the question form we change the word order:Have I/you/we/they

finished?Has he/she/it5 We use have(n’t) and has(n’t) in short answers.Yes, I/you/we/they have.

No, I/you/we/they haven’t.he/she/it hasn’t.

he/she/it has.6 We can put a question word in front of a present perfect question:

What have I done? Where has she been? How have you been?

The present perfect tense | Unit 12

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Complete Grammar

Take a look inside the grammar guides that support learning across the curriculum*

Articles | Unit 26

Unit 2

Articles

Articles go before a noun.

The indefinite articles are a and an. We use them before a

singular common noun. They mean there is only one thing

or person.

an in front of a vowel sound (the usual sound of the

letters a, e, i, o, u)

an ant, an egg, an insect, an orange, an uncle

a in front of a consonant sound (the usual sound of the

other letters)

a ball, a cat, a dog, a fish, a gate, a house

1 Write the names of the things in the correct place.

a an

a hat an ant

2 Complete the sentences about jobs.

a) doctor b) actor c) teacher d) artist

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About the Author

Nick Coates is an international English language expert and has worked in Africa as both teacher and teacher trainer. He is the author of several highly successful primary and secondary courses for countries in Africa and worldwide.

Grammar boxes feature simple explanations of the main grammatical points for ease of reference

Illustrations feature examples from everyday life that pupils can relate to

For more information on Complete Grammar please visit www.pearsonafrica.com

A variety of exercises ensures student engagement and reinforces learning

* Please note pages shown may be changed before final publication

For more information about these new grammar resources please contact

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This new Complete Grammar series will also be available in all good bookshops