competition in spareparts industry

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- HERMAWAN KARTAJAYA - TAUFIK - JACKY MUSSRY - IWAN SETIAWAN FARID SUBKHAN - JOSEPH KRISTOFEL MELATI ASTRI MAHARANI - ANTONIUS JANUAR REYHAN S MUNIR - NINO OKTORA - VIKO ZAKHARY COMPETITIONIN SPAREPARTSINDUSTRY: WHEN INDONESIA BECOMES ONE OF THE BIGGEST MARKETS IN ASEAN

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Page 1: Competition in Spareparts Industry

- HERMAWAN KARTAJAYA -TAUFIK - JACKY MUSSRY - IWAN SETIAWAN

FARID SUBKHAN - JOSEPH KRISTOFEL MELATI ASTRI MAHARANI - ANTONIUS JANUAR

REYHAN S MUNIR - NINO OKTORA - VIKO ZAKHARY

COMPETITION IN SPARE PARTS INDUSTRY:

WHEN INDONESIA BECOMES ONE OF THE BIGGEST

MARKETS IN ASEAN

Page 2: Competition in Spareparts Industry

ABOUT MARKPLUS, INC.MarkPlus is the premiere and highly-focused

marketing strategy consulting firm in Indonesia. It was established 20 years ago by Hermawan

Kartajaya, co-author of five international marketing books with Prof. Philip Kotler, the Father of Modern Marketing at the Kellogg

School, Northwestern University. Just as early as 2001, an industry publication had ranked

MarkPlus first among national consulting firms.

MarkPlus is able to provide a comprehensive service to its clients without the need to engage

third-party vendors. MarkPlus consist of three main divisions of MarkPlus Consulting, MarkPlus

Insight, and MarkPlus Institute of Marketing, which aim to provide clients with Solution, Insight and Knowledge respectively. MarkPlus operates in 13 major cities and owns research network in 14 cities in Indonesia. Since 2004, MarkPlus has established ASEAN operations in Kuala Lumpur

and Singapore. Headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia, MarkPlus is strategically positioned

to provide South East Asian companies with marketing expertise and breakthrough insights.

Page 3: Competition in Spareparts Industry

WHEN INDONESIA BECOMES ONE OF THE BIGGEST

MARKETS IN ASEAN

COMPETITION IN SPARE PARTS INDUSTRY:

1. PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF NASIONAL

INDUSTRI MOBILTahun 2012, adalah tahun rekor baru bagi

penjualan mobil di Indonesia. Tercatat sebesar 1.116.230 unit mobil berhasil terjual di tahun 2012. Hasil penjualan ini naik 25% dari tahun 2011 dengan pencapaian sebesar 892.903 unit. Trend naiknya penjualan seperti ini terus terjadi sejak tahun 2009, ketika penjualan mobil di pasar domestik turun hingga 20% dari 603.774 unit di tahun 2008, menjadi hanya 483.548 unit di tahun 2009.

1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

CAR INDUSTRYIndonesia recorded a notable accomplishment

in the car sales last year, in which throughout the year, 1,116,230 units of car had been sold in the domestic market. The sales increased by 25% from the previous year of 892,930 units. Such positive trend itself has been consistently occurring in the last few years since 2009, only a year after the the downturn in sales in 2008, in which the car sales dropped by 20% from 603,774 units to 483,548 units in 2009.

GRAPH 1. CAR SALES IN INDONESIA (IN UNIT)*

Rekor penjualan yang melewati batas psikologis hingga 1 juta unit kendaraan ini dapat tercapai akibat semakin membaiknya situasi ekonomi Indonesia sepanjang tahun 2012. Kenaikan jumlah middle class juga ditenggarai sebagai salah satu penyebab melesatnya penjualan mobil. Selain perbaikan ekonomi, kenaikan juga disumbang dari peluncuran

The fact that the car sales successfully passed the psychological limit of 1 million units could finally occur due to the increasing economy stability in Indonesia last year – in addition to the raising number of middle class families. Other than economic improvement, the increasing sale had been also due to the launch of the popular twins Avanza-Xenia which turned

* Gaikindo

1

Page 4: Competition in Spareparts Industry

model terbaru dari mobil Avanza-Xenia yang merupakan model terlaris di Indonesia. Bila dilihat dari data Gaikindo penjualan kedua model tersebut mendominasi penjualan di tahun 2012 sebesar 265.564 atau 24% dari seluruh penjualan mobil ditahun yang sama. Selain itu terdapat model baru Ertiga dari Suzuki yang langsung melesat dengan membukukan penjualan 34.662 unit hingga bulan Januari 2013 sejak diluncurkan bulan April tahun lalu.

Terdapat beberapa kebijakan yang diperkirakan akan mengganggu laju tren positif dari penjualan mobil sepanjang tahun 2012 lalu, seperti pajak progresif dan Down Payment (DP) 30%. Peraturan DP minimal 30%, mengharuskan konsumen menyediakan dana minimal 30% dari total harga mobil yang akan dibeli apabila memilih metode kredit. Namun kebijakan DP minimal yang ditetapkan ternyata tidak mempengaruhi antusiasme konsumen untuk membeli mobil. Walaupun Indonesia berhasil mencetak rekor, namun pasar otomotif terbesar di ASEAN kembali diambil alih oleh Thailand, setelah sebelumnya di tahun 2011 Indonesia berhasil mencetak penjualan 100 ribu mobil lebih banyak dibandingkan Thailand.

to be the best selling models in Indonesia. Based on Gaikindo data, the sales of both models in 2012 altogether was 24% of the total car sales in Indonesia (265,564 units). Moreover, there was also Ertiga, the new low-MPV from Suzuki which also recorded the increasing sales of 34,662 units until this January since initially launched in April 2012.

There are some regulations that are predicted to potentially hinder the increasing trend of car sales in Indonesia, such as the progressive tax policy for those who own more than one car, the increase of minimum down-payment (DP) to 30%. The down-payment policy obliges consumer to provide at least 30% of the total car price under installment payment scheme. Nevertheless, the regulations do not seem to affect consumers’ enthusiasm in buying cars. Although Indonesia has managed to break the all-time car sales record, the title of “the biggest car market in ASEAN” was finally taken over by Thailand, after initially surpassed by Indonesia by 100 thousand units in 2011.

GRAPH 2. CAR SALES IN INDONESIA AND THAILAND (IN UNIT)2

Lonjakan penjualan ini terjadi akibat pulihnya kondisi Thailand dari banjir besar yang melanda di tahun 2011 serta kebijakan first car buyer program yang dicanangkan pemerintah. Kebijakan ini diberikan kepada penduduk Thailand dengan syarat berusia diatas 21 tahun, mobil diproduksi di dalam negeri, tidak menjual mobil yang dibeli selama 5 tahun, harga dibawah 1.000.000 baht (sekitar Rp 327.000.000) dan tidak melebihi batas kapasitas mesin sebesar 1.500cc. Program ini memberikan refund pajak kepada konsumen. Kesuksesan program ini berdampak kepada kembali bergairahnya

The increase in sales was actually due to a successful recovery following the great flood in Thailand in 2011 and the introduction of government’s first car buyer program. The program applies to all Thais over 21 years of age, domestic-made cars, an agreement to not resell the car for at least for the upcoming 5 years, price below 1000.000 baht (around IDR 327,000,000), and has 1500cc engine or below. The program offers tax refund to the consumer. The success of this program results on the revival of Thailand’s automotive industry since without such programs, they would have

2 http://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2013/01/07/6059/Penjualan Mobil di Thailand pada 2012 Mencapai 1.45 juta

2

Page 5: Competition in Spareparts Industry

industri otomotif Thailand sehingga tanpa program ini diperkirakan hanya sekitar 700.000 unit saja yang berhasil terjual di 2012.

Diperkirakan industri otomotif nasional pada tahun 2013 ini, akan cenderung flat, yaitu sebesar 1,1 juta unit.3 Masih terus melemahnya harga komoditas dunia pada tahun 2013, diperkirakan akan mempengaruhi kekuatan ekonomi domestik Indonesia. Selain itu mulai berlakunya peraturan DP untuk pembiayaan syariah juga dianggap berkontribusi kepada angka penjualan yang flat. Namun apabila peraturan Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) berhasil diwujudkan tahun ini, mobil mesin tidak lebih dari 1200cc, memiliki konsumsi bahan bakar 1:20 (1200cc), dan dalam lima tahun kandungan komponen lokal hingga 80% dikategorikan sebagai LCGC dan dapat menikmati potongan pajak. Dengan skema LCGC ini, masyarakat Indonesia dapat menikmati mobil yang berkualitas mulai harga 80 juta rupiah saja. Apabila skema ini jadi dilaksanakan, maka diharapkan penjualan mobil akan kembali ke tren positif.

INDUSTRI MOTORTahun 2012 bukan merupakan tahun yang

menggembirakan bagi industri motor nasional. Berbanding terbalik dengan industri mobil yang mencetak rekor baru, penjualan motor di tahun 2012 justru turun 12% dibandingkan tahun 2011.

recorded the amount of car sales of only around 700,000 units in 2012.

Meanwhile, it is predicted that the industry will tend to be flat this year, estimated to record only around 1,1 million units3. The decreasing world commodity price in 2013 is predicted to affect Indonesia’s economic power. Moreover, the introduction of down-payment policy for syariah financing is also considered to contribute toward the sales. However, if the Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) policy will be introduced this year, cars that have less than 1200 cc engine, 1:20 fuel consumption, and 80% local content can be considered LCGC and eligible for a tax cut. Under this scheme, people in Indonesa can have a quality car for only 80 milliion rupiah. Should this program be applied this year; many hopes that car sales will turn positive.

MOTORCYCLE INDUSTRYThe year 2012 has not been a good year

for the national motorcycle industry. On the contrary to the car industry that succeded to accomplish a new record in sales, the sales of motorcycle dropped by 12% compared to 2011.

GRAPH 3. MOTORCYCLES SALES IN INDONESIA (IN UNIT)3

Saat peraturan DP 30% yang mulai dilaksanakan tahun ini tidak berdampak signifikan dengan penjualan mobil di Indonesia, maka situasi yang berbeda dihadapi oleh industri sepeda motor. Mayoritas pembeli sepeda motor yang terbiasa dengan skema kredit, biasanya dapat menikmati DP yang sangat murah sekitar 500 ribu rupiah untuk membeli motor. Namun dengan peraturan baru tersebut, konsumen yang

As the down payment payment policy introduced this year apparently contributes no significant impact toward the car sales in Indonesia, the motorcycle industry is in fact facing an entirely different situation. Most of motorcycle buyers that opted to buy motorcycle using installment scheme have been used to a very low down payment of around IDR 500,000. But with the new regulation, as for example, the

3 Gaikindo

3

Page 6: Competition in Spareparts Industry

4

motorcycle buyers that want to buy Honda Beat with the price of IDR 12,500,000 should give at least IDR 3.750.000 as the down payment. Such circumstance, no wonder, brings a very significant impact to the motorcycle buyers; especially those who live outside Java that generally have a lower purchasing power.

In addition, this condition is predicted to occur throughout 2013, so no wonder this year, the sales is also estimated to be stagnant again. The pressure from down payment regulation and the commodity price are considered as the cause of the stagnancy that the goal of motorcycle industry to break the psychological level of 10 million units will not be accomplished this year.

2. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND NATIONAL SPARE PARTS INDUSTRY

National spare parts industry will be directly proportional to the condition of the car and motorcycle industry. The condition of the car industry is on the rise today, resulting in an increasing spare parts demand. Increasing number of sole agent (ATPM) are making substantial investments in Indonesia to build Completely Knock Down (CKD) cars, which requires a lot of local components, resulting in increasingly high demand for spare parts in the form of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The demand for spare parts is expected to increase further if the LCGC scheme is operation this year, particularly the requirement to have local contents of up to 80% within 5 years since the start of the scheme.

Motorcycles and spare parts industry contribute greatly to Indonesia’s GDP. It is estimated that there is IDR 120 trillion generated from the industrial activities, IDR 80 trillion from the agency and IDR 20 trillion from spare parts itself.4 Motorcycle industry has also invested more than US$ 7 billion in the assembly sector; excluding the value of 262 supporting industries and more than 8,000 sales outlets. Despite continuous pressure from several aspects, including the rules of 30% DP, according to the AISI, the national motorcycle industry

ingin membeli Honda Beat senilai Rp 12.500.000 harus memberikan DP minimal Rp 3.750.000 untuk membeli motor tersebut dengan skema kredit. Peraturan ini membawa dampak yang sangat signifikan bagi konsumen sepeda motor terutama diluar pulau Jawa yang umumnya tidak memiliki kekuatan ekonomi untuk menyediakan DP sebesar itu.

Kondisi yang sama diperkirakan akan terus terjadi di sepanjang tahun 2013, sehingga tahun ini penjualan masih diperkirakan akan stagnan. Tekanan dari peraturan DP dan belum pulihnya harga komoditas diakui sebagai penyebab dari stagnansi tersebut, sehingga impian industri motor agar penjualan mampu melampaui batas psikologis sebesar 10 juta unit diperkirakan tidak akan tercapai tahun ini.

2. INDUSTRI SUKU CADANG NASIONAL DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN

Industri suku cadang nasional akan berbanding lurus dengan kondisi industri mobil dan sepeda motor. Kondisi industri mobil yang sedang naik daun saat ini, membuat permintaan akan suku cadang mobil semakin tinggi. Semakin banyaknya Agen Tunggal Pemegang Merek (ATPM) yang membuat investasi besar di Indonesia untuk membangun mobilnya secara Completely Knock Down (CKD) yang membutuhkan banyak komponen lokal, berakibat semakin tingginya permintaan terhadap suku cadang baik dalam bentuk Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) ataupun replacement parts. Permintaan akan suku cadang diperkirakan akan semakin meningkat apabila skema LCGC dijalankan pada tahun ini, terlebih lagi salah satu aturannya adalah harus memiliki kandungan lokal hingga 80% pada 5 tahun sejak skema LCGC dijalankan.

Industri sepeda motor dan suku cadang juga memberikan kontribusi besar kepada PDB Indonesia saat ini. Diperkirakan terdapat perputaran uang sebesar 120 trilliun rupiah dari kegiatan industri, keagenan senilai 80 trilliun rupiah serta dari suku cadang sendiri sebesar 20 trilliun rupiah4. Industri sepeda motor, juga menginvestasikan lebih dari US$ 7 milliar di sektor perakitan, dan masih belum termasuk 262 industri penunjang dan lebih dari 8.000 gerai purna jual. Walaupun terus tertekan dengan berbagai kondisi termasuk aturan DP 30%, namun menurut AISI, industri sepeda motor

4 AISI

Page 7: Competition in Spareparts Industry

5

GRAPH 4. DESTINATION FOR CAR/MOTORCYCLES MAINTENANCE (IN PERCENTAGE)6

nasional tetap berkomitmen untuk menaikan kontribusi komponen lokal hingga 85% pada tahun-tahun mendatang.5

PERILAKU KONSUMEN INDONESIA DALAM PENGGUNAAN SUKU CADANG

Kondisi pasar otomotif yang semakin kuat di dalam negeri, serta tren CKD membuat harga kendaraan motor semakin terjangkau. Keadaan ini membuat konsumen pemilik kendaraan bermotor baik mobil dan motor akan membutuhkan suku cadang dalam jumlah yang besar untuk perawatan kendaraan mereka. Riset terbaru di bidang otomotif yang dilaksanakan oleh MarkPlus Insight kepada 413 responden pengguna mobil dan 466 responden pengguna motor, menunjukan bahwa mayoritas pengguna mobil dan motor lebih memilih menggunakan jasa bengkel resmi untuk perawatan kendaraan sedangkan untuk perbaikan pengguna mobil dan motor lebih memilih jasa bengkel umum untuk perbaikan kendaraan mereka. Perilaku konsumen seperti ini membuat pemilik kendaraan lebih mempercayakan kepada OEM untuk perawatan dan ketika masa garansi habis pemilik kendaraan lebih memilih replacement parts bebas di bengkel umum.

Bila diperhatikan lebih dalam, banyak pembelian yang dilakukan oleh pengguna mobil ataupun motor karena mengikuti merek-merek suku cadang sebelumnya. Sehingga kenyataan ini membuat pemain/ merek lama dalam industri suku cadang di Indonesia menjadi semakin kuat.

association remains committed to raise the contribution of local components up to 85% in the upcoming years.5

INDONESIAN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE USAGE OF SPARE PARTS

The ever stronger automotive market in the country, as well as the trends in manufacturing CKD motor vehicles makes the price become more affordable. Consequently, it has led to a huge demand in spare parts required for the vehicle maintenance.

Recent research in the automotive field conducted by Insight MarkPlus to 413 respondents of car users and another 466 respondents of motorcycle users showed that the majority of car and motorcycle users prefer to use the services of authorized repair shop for vehicle maintenance. However, they prefer the services of non-authorized workshops more for repair. Such preference makes more consumers use OEMs for their vehicle maintenance and once the warranty runs out, vehicle owners will turn to non-OEM replacement parts from non-authorized workshop.

When we observe deeper, many purchases by car or motorbike users are basically due to their past experience with the brands. And such fact explains why incumbent players in the spare parts industry in Indonesia have been growing stronger year by year.

5 AISI, 6 MarkPlus Insight Spare Part Survey in 6 major cities in Indonesia, n= 413 car, n=466 motorcycle

CarMotorcycle

AuthorizedWorkshop

54%

53%

46%

47%

Non-AuthorizedWorkshop

Page 8: Competition in Spareparts Industry

6

GRAPH 5. DESTINATION FOR CAR/MOTORCYCLES SERVICE (IN PERCENTAGE)7

GRAPH 6. CAR SPARE PART REPLACEMENT WITHIN LAST YEAR (IN PERCENTAGE)8

Perilaku berpindah dari bengkel resmi ke umum seperti ini menunjukan potensi yang besar untuk pasar suku cadang baik dalam bentuk OEM ataupun replacement parts di dalam industri otomotif nasional. Menurut riset MarkPlus Insight, mayoritas dari pemilik mobil menganggap oli mobil sebagai suku cadang yang paling fast moving selama satu tahun terakhir. Sedangkan pembelian GPS masih terbilang sedikit oleh pengguna mobil.

Shifting consumer behavior from authorized workshops to non-authorized workshops reveals a great potential for spare parts market in the form of OEM or replacement parts in the automotive industry nationwide. According to the research by MarkPlus Insight, majority of car owners consider oil as the most fast-moving parts over the past year while GPS purchase by car owners is still relatively small.

7,8 MarkPlus Insight Spare Part Survey in 6 major cities in Indonesia, n= 413 car, n=466 motorcycle

Sedangkan pada pemilik motor, pembelian oli juga masih dianggap sebagai pembelian suku cadang yang paling fast moving. Namun tidak demikian dengan pembelian helm dan aki yang masih dianggap paling tidak diperlukan selama satu tahun terakhir.

For motorcycle owner, oil is considered as the most fast-moving parts while helmets and battery acid are considered as the parts needed the least for the last one year. Oil is still considered as the most fast-moving sparepart.

99% 74% 62% 59% 58% 57% 54% 50% 35% 7%

Oil

Body

Pol

ish

Oil

Filte

r

Tire

Batte

ry A

cid

Spar

k Pl

ug

Brak

e Pa

ds

Air

Filte

r

Radi

ator

Coo

lant

GPS

49%

47%

51%

53%

AuthorizedWorkshop

Non-AuthorizedWorkshop

CarMotorcycle

Page 9: Competition in Spareparts Industry

7

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE SELECTION OF OIL

As one of the fast-moving parts in the automotive industry, the increase or decrease in sales of motor vehicles greatly affect the oil industry in Indonesia. It is estimated that this year the oil industry in the country will grow by 8-10% to 800,000 kiloliters with a value of IDR 10-11 trillion (Importers and Manufacturers of Lubricants in Indonesia (Perdippi)). The increase in sales of cars and motorcycles will affect the absorption rate for the OEM oil. According to the data by BPS, up to 2011, there were 9.5 million cars currently in circulation and 68.8 million of motorcycles, and these numbers are indeed the potential market for non-OEM replacement parts.

Moreover, there is a trend in which car manufacturers release the genuine motor oil (OEM) to be used by cars or motorcycles that they manufacture. They bundle the sales of car with the OEM oil. The owners are also obliged to use the OEM oil provided by the car manufacturers in an authorized workshop during the warranty period provided by the car manufacturers.

From the survey of MarkPlus Insight, it is shown that Pertamina and Shell are still among the most favorite oil brands among car users, while Top 1 is still regarded as one of the favorite brands for motorcycle users. Majority of car and motorcycle owners state that one of the reasons they choose one particular oil brand is their past experience with the brand itself.

It turned out that none of OEM oils are among the top three oil brand mostly used by car and motorcycle owners. These results confirms that in the oil industry, consumers trusted longer existing models more, while the use of genuine motor oil

PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM PEMILIHAN OLI

Sebagai salah satu suku cadang yang paling fast moving di industri otomotif, kenaikan/ penurunan penjualan kendaraan bermotor sangat berdampak kepada industri oli di Indonesia. Diperkirakan tahun ini industri oli di tanah air akan tumbuh 8-10% menjadi 800.000 kiloliter dengan nilai sebesar Rp. 10-11 trilliun (Importir dan Produsen Pelumas Indonesia (Perdippi)). Peningkatan penjualan mobil dan sepeda motor akan mempengaruhi tingkat penyerapan oli untuk OEM. Sedangkan kendaraan bermotor yang beredar menurut data BPS hingga tahun 2011 yang berjumlah 9,5 juta untuk mobil dan 68,8 juta untuk motor menjadi lahan yang signifikan untuk replacement parts non OEM.

Disamping itu terdapat trend ATPM juga terus mengeluarkan genuine motor oil (OEM) untuk digunakan pada mobil atau sepeda motor yang mereka keluarkan. Sehingga mereka akan menjual mobil dengan menggunakan oli OEM serta selama masa garansi yang diberikan oleh ATPM, pemilik kendaraan bermotor harus melakukan servis di bengkel resmi serta menggunakan oli OEM keluaran mereka.

Dari hasil survey MarkPlus Insight, tercatat merek Pertamina dan Shell masih menjadi salah satu merek favorit para pengguna mobil, sedangkan di sepeda motor, merek Top 1 juga tercatat sebagai salah satu merek favorit. Pengguna mobil dan sepeda motor mayoritas menyatakan salah satu alasan mereka memilih merek oli tersebut dikarenakan mereka mengikuti merek sebelumnya yang telah mereka gunakan.

Oli OEM ternyata masih berada di luar dari urutan 3 besar dari pemilihan merek oli yang

GRAPH 7. MOTORCYCLE SPARE PART REPLACEMENT WITHIN LAST YEAR (IN PERCENTAGE)9

9 MarkPlus Insight Spare Part Survey in 6 major cities in Indonesia, n= 413 car, n=466 motorcycle

99% 73% 72% 70% 59% 48% 48%

Oil

Tire

Brak

e Pa

ds

Tube

Spar

k Pl

ug

Batte

ry A

cid

Hel

met

Page 10: Competition in Spareparts Industry

8

digunakan oleh pemilik kendaraan mobil dan motor. Hasil ini menegaskan di dalam industri oli, konsumen lebih percaya dengan merek oli yang sudah ada sejak lama, sedangkan penggunaan genuine motor oil atau OEM masih cukup rendah terlebih bila mobil sudah melewati batas masa garansi, konsumen cenderung meninggalkan OEM dan membeli merek oli secara bebas.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE SELECTION OF TIRES

According to the Association of Tyre Manufacturers (APBI), the tires industry in 2013 is projected to grow by 4%. The proportion of export from the total national tires production this year reaches 72% and the rest is used to fulfill the domestic market. Such low level of growth could be caused by the decreasing demand from the global market including

GRAPH 9. MOTORCYCLE GENUINE MOTOR OIL USAGE BASED ON PRODUCTION YEAR (IN PERCENTAGE)11

GRAPH 8. CAR GENUINE MOTOR OIL USAGE BASED ON PRODUCTION YEAR (IN PERCENTAGE)10

PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM PEMILIHAN BAN

Industri ban pada tahun 2013 diprediksi hanya akan tumbuh sebesar 4% (Asosiasi Pengusaha Ban Indonesia (APBI)). Proporsi produksi ban nasional saat ini 72% untuk ekspor dan sisanya digunakan untuk memenuhi pasar dalam negeri. Pertumbuhan yang terbilang kecil ini, diakibatkan oleh penurunan permintaan dari pasar Eropa dan Amerika Serikat akibat

or OEM is rather less frequent especially when the cars are no longer under manufacturers warranty.

10,11 MarkPlus Insight Spare Part Survey in 6 major cities in Indonesia, n= 413 car, n=466 motorcycle

1996-2000<1996

9%

5%

2001-2005 2006-2010

6%

22%

1996-2000

15%

2001-2005 2006-2010

6%

17%

Page 11: Competition in Spareparts Industry

9

krisis ekonomi yang terus terjadi. Di sisi lain, peningkatan permintaan dari China dan Timur Tengah akan menyelamatkan industri ekspor ban nasional. Proporsi produksi ban untuk pasar nasional yang masih terbilang kecil, diharapkan dapat terus maju ke depannya seiring dengan permintaan ban untuk OEM yang semakin meningkat sesuai dengan tren ATPM yang melakukan CKD kepada lini model mereka yang tengah gencar dilakukan.

Pada hasil riset MarkPlus Insight, tercatat merek Bridgestone masih merupakan merek favorit ban bagi pemilik mobil sedangakan bagi pemilik sepeda motor, merek IRC dari Gajah Tunggal masih menjadi merek favorit mereka. Di kalangan pemilik kendaraan sepeda motor, merek lokal sudah menjadi favorit, sedangkan bagi pemilik mobil, merek ban lokal masih belum menjadi merek favorit walaupun sudah berhasil berada di urutan 5 besar. Alasan keawetan ban masih menjadi pilihan utama dari pemilik ban mobil dan sepeda motor. Sedangkan pemilihan merek yang mengikuti merek sebelumnya yang menjadi alasan utama pada pemilihan merek oli.

PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM PEMILIHAN SUKU CADANG LAIN

Perkembangan industri suku cadang lain juga terus mengalami peningkatan seperti ban dan oli. Sehingga dalam kategori suku cadang yang menjadi fokus dari riset MarkPlus Insight seperti aki, busi, saringan udara, saringan oli, kanvas rem dan radiator coolant, terdapat beberapa hasil pengamatan yang cukup menarik.

Pada kategori radiator coolant untuk mobil, aki dan busi untuk mobil dan sepeda motor yang masih memiliki beragam pilihan merek favorit dari pengguna. Hal ini disebabkan masih banyaknya merek di pasaran sehingga kategori suku cadang seperti ini tidak termasuk kedalam kelas barang komoditas di mata konsumen. Mereka memiliki persepsi yang berbeda antara satu merek dengan lainnya sehingga konsumen masih memiliki merek favorit. Ketiga suku cadang tadi, juga mudah untuk diamati tingkat kualitasnya oleh konsumen, seperti radiator coolant yang sulit menguap, aki yang tahan lama serta tidak cepat “gendut” dan busi yang tahan lama sehingga pengapian dalam mesin tidak pincang. Mudahnya mengamati kualitas antar merek dan gencarnya masing-masing merek melakukan iklan membuat konsumen makin memiliki preferensi terhadap merek-merek tertentu.

Untuk kategori suku cadang lainnya, seperti saringan udara, saringan oli, kanvas rem dan

Europe and USA as the consequence of the global economic crisis lately. On the other side, the increasing demand from China and Middle East will boost the export and save the national tires market. The contribution of tires production toward the national market is still low, but still expected to grow in the upcoming years along with the increasing demand on tires by OEM.

Based on the latest research by MarkPlus Insight, Bridgestone still occupies the position of the most favorite brand among car owners while IRC of Gajah Tunggal becomes the most favorite brand among motorcycle owners. Local brands indeed have become the favorite of motorcycle owners, but on the other hand, the local brands yet become the favorite among car owners though successfully enter the list of top 5 brands. The reason of durability stil becomes the main considering factor by both car and motorcycle owners while the past experience with brand still becomes the main reason in selecting particular oil brand.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE SELECTION OF OTHER SPARE PARTS

Other spare parts including tires and oil have also recorded a positive growth. Considering that circumstance, MarkPlus Insight also include some spare parts including the likes of battery acid, spark plug, air filter, oil filter, brake pads, and radiator coolant. And based on the research, there are some fairly interesting facts regarding spare parts consumers in Indonesia.

In the category of radiator coolant for car, battery acid and spark plug for car and motorcycle, customers basically have some favorite brands. Such thing happens due to the existence of numerous brands in the market that make these spare parts do not belong to commodity products for customers. They have different perception between one brand and the others that consumers respectively have their own favorite brand. All those three spare parts can be easily evaluated by consumers from the quality view, such as evaporating radiator coolant, durable battery acid and durable spark plug. Such easy way of brand evaluation and the players’ aggressiveness in promotion make consumers have their own preference toward particular brands.

For other spare parts like air filter, brake pads, and radiator coolant, car and motorcycle owners put bigger trust on manufacturers’ OEM since they can not easily compare the brands from the

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radiator coolant, pengguna mobil dan sepeda motor mempercayakan kepada OEM bawaan pabrik. Hal ini diakibatkan karena sulitnya untuk membandingkan kelebihan antar merek sehingga pengguna mobil dan sepeda motor memandang jenis suku cadang tersebut sebagai komoditas.

3. FUTURE STRATEGY: HOW TO EXCEL IN THE COMPETITION?

DOMINASI PEMAIN LAMA DI INDUSTRI SUKU CADANG

Kenyataan yang tergambar dalam perilaku konsumen yang lebih memilih merek suku cadang yang sudah digunakan sebelumnya dalam bentuk OEM ataupun replacement parts membuat pemain lama yang sudah lebih dahulu hadir menjadi diuntungkan. Kondisi otomotif nasional yang terus tumbuh dan menciptakan permintaan baru di OEM dan replacement parts diperkirakan tidak akan mengubah peta persaingan yang tetap didominasi oleh pemain-pemain lama.

Strategi pemain lama umumnya menggunakan 2 strategi untuk semakin menguasai pasar, menjadi OEM dan menyediakan replacement parts untuk bengkel umum. Sehingga dimana pun konsumen pengguna mobil dan sepeda motor melakukan perawatan rutin/ perbaikan, baik di bengkel resmi maupun bengkel umum, suku cadang mereka tetap dapat ditemui. Seperti Mobil1 selain menjual oli mereka sebagai replacement parts yang mudah ditemui di toko onderdil atau bengkel, Mobil1 juga tercatat sebagai produsen yang mensupply genuine motor oil (OEM) bagi pabrikan Toyota dan Honda. Mirip juga dengan pabrikan ban Bridgestone yang juga melakukan branding produk sendiri untuk menyediakan replacement parts, mereka juga bertindak sebagai OEM beberapa lini produk dari ATPM Suzuki dan Mitsubishi di Indonesia.

Keputusan menjadi OEM bagi perusahaan suku cadang berarti membuat margin keuntungan mereka semakin tipis. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh ATPM ingin terus menekan harga jual kendaraan mereka, sehingga OEM yang diaplikasikan ke kendaraan yang akan dijual harus diberikan harga serendah mungkin tanpa mengurangi kualitas. Namun permintaan stabil yang dijanjikan oleh ATPM serta potensi replacement parts di bengkel resmi semakin banyak dicari, seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah kendaraan dengan memakai OEM bawaan yang akan mencari merek pengganti

quality. As a result, these spare parts tend be regarded as the commodity products.

3. FUTURE STRATEGY: HOW TO EXCEL IN THE COMPETITION?

DOMINATION BY INCUMBENTS IN THE SPARE PART INDUSTRY

The fact that spare part customers prefer choosing the brand they have used before, either OEM or replacement parts, provides bigger opportunities the incumbent players and accordingly put them in the more advantageous position. The dynamism and positive level of growth in our national automotive industry indeed create new demands on OEM and replacement parts, but such circumstance will not able to unseat the domination of the incumbents in the competition map.

Essentially, the strategy framework of incumbent players to lead on the industry is divided into 2 (two) strategies, namely being OEM and providing replacement parts for workshops. The strategy of providing parts for workshops allows a wider distribution and bigger exposure of brand toward car and motorcycle users whenever they have regular maintenance in authorized workshops or non-authorized ones. For example, as a leading genuine motor oil (OEM) producer for Toyota and Honda, Mobil1 also supplies a range of replacement parts to a number of spare parts shops and workshops. Or, as the leading tires manufacturer, Bridgestone rebrands their own replacement parts to offer to the market and at the same time acts as an OEM for ATPM Suzuki and Mitsubishi in Indonesia.

The choice of becoming OEM for spare part players basically means decreasing their profit margin since the Sole Agent (ATPM) will demand the keep pushing their selling price down and consequently demand a lower price for the original equipments without loosening the quality. However, the stable demand promised by ATPM, the potential of increasing demand on authorized workshops, and the increasing number of vehicles users initially using original OEM but later demand a replacement brand significantly contribute in boosting the demand of OEM. In addition, the spare part manufacturers that already turn to be OEM have

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yang sama, membuat penawaran menjadi OEM menjadi sangat menggiurkan. Selain itu, perusahaan suku cadang yang telah menjadi OEM juga terus mengembangkan merek mereka sendiri sehingga kehadiran mereka memiliki kekuatan di kedua sektor, yaitu OEM dan replacement parts.

Perusahaan suku cadang yang telah lama ini, juga memiliki kekuatan di sektor produksi yang besar. Semakin besar produksi, maka harga cost per unit semakin mengecil. Kemampuan produksi ini juga membuat mereka mampu menyediakan suku cadang dalam jumlah besar mengikuti permintaan produksi dari ATPM, sehingga ATPM sendiri tidak akan mengalami kekurangan stok suku cadang. Selain kemampuan produksi, perusahaan suku cadang ini juga memiliki struktur distribusi yang merata di seluruh bagian Indonesia. Hal ini membuat di manapun konsumen mencari suku cadang mereka, akan sangat mudah ditemui. Struktur distribusi yang baik, juga akan membuat biaya distribusi dapat ditekan sehingga apabila digabungkan dengan biaya produksi yang kecil membuat penawaran harga yang ditawarkan baik kepada ATPM ataupun konsumen pribadi menjadi terjangkau.

HARAPAN BAGI PARA PEMAIN BARUMelihat lanskap kompetitif yang sedemikian,

jelas terlihat bahwa pihak yang diuntungkan disini adalah para pemain lama yang memiliki kapasitas besar dan nama yang sudah dikenal luas oleh konsumen. Namun begitu tidak tertutup peluang bagi pemain baru dengan produk dan gaya pemasaran yang inovatif.

Salah satu contoh sukses adalah masuknya MASA (Multistrada Arah Sarana) di industri ban tanah air yang berhasil meraih pasar yang cukup besar dan menduduki peringkat ke 4 hanya dalam waktu lima tahun. Selain itu MASA juga berhasil mempertahankan performa pertumbuhan tahunan yang secara konsisten berada di atas Gadjah Tunggal (GT) yang merupakan raksasa produsen ban lokal yang lebih dahulu dikenal oleh konsumen.

Strategi dibalik kesuksesan MASA adalah digunakannya salah satu lini produk sport mereka, Achilles, dalam berbagai kegiatan drifting sebagai event promosi yang berdampak pada peningkatan penjualan tidak hanya di lini ban sport, namun juga ban standar ukuran 13, 14, 15 inchi yang merupakan commodity size. Selain meningkatkan image melalui arena drifting, MASA terus menggempur pasar

been developing their own brands that they are eventually able to dominate both sectors, OEM and replacement parts.

The incumbent spare parts players, in fact, also have advantage in the production capability. The bigger the scope of production is, the lower the cost per unit will be. This production capability also makes them able to provide a big number of spare parts to fulfill demand from ATPM so that ATPM will not suffer from lack of spare sparts stock. In addition to the production capability, the spare parts manufacturers also possess wide distribution channels all over Indonesia. As a result, customers will easily find the spare parts they need anywhere. The widespread distribution channels itself will help cutting the distribution cost and allow manufacturers to offer their products to ATPM and end consumers more affordably.

PROSPECT FOR NEWCOMERSLooking at such competitive business

landscape, the incumbent players are clearly in a more advantageous position relying on their big capacity and strong brand in the market. Nevertheless, there is still a room for newcomers to enter the market through cutting-edge products and innovative marketing approach.

On of the success stories of a newcomer is the entrance of MASA (Multistrada Arah Sarana) in our national tires industry. Within five years, MASA has been successful in grabbing a fairly big market share and occupying number 4 in the market. Also, MASA remarkably succeeds to maintain a consistent yearly growth above Gadjah Tunggal (GT) as the largest integrated tires manufacturer.

The key behind the success of MASA is Achilles, one of their product lines for sports, that has been recording an increasing usage in numerous drifting activities that act as the promotion events and eventually boost the sales of Achiles not only in the sport tires line, but also other lines including 13, 14, 15-inch tires as the commodity size. In addition to increasing brand image through drifting activities, MASA also has been increasing their penetration in the

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national market by offering a more affordable products than other competitors including the likes of Bridgestone, Goodyear, Dunlop, and local brand like GT. Besides, the latest innovation by MASA is the strategic partnership of Achiles with a world-class football club from United Kingdom, Manchester United, which ultimately aims to boost the brand image of MASA and Achilles for the upcoming years.

nasional dengan memberikan penawaran harga dibawah kompetitornya yang merupakan merek-merek asing seperti Bridgestone, Goodyear, Dunlop serta merek lokal seperti GT. Selain itu, gebrakan terbaru dari MASA adalah dengan menjadikan Achilles sebagai Official Partner dari klub terkemuka dari Inggris, Manchester United, sehingga diharapkan image MASA dan Achilles semakin baik di masa depan.

Selain itu, pemain lama juga tidak selalu akan menjadi pemain utama dalam industri yang selalu berubah. Seperti contoh dari industri ban lainnya, Bridgestone yang mampu menggeser keperkasaan Goodyear. Dengan mundurnya Goodyear dari F1 pada tahun 1998 mampu dimanfaatkan secara sempurna oleh Bridgestone dengan menjadi sponsor tunggal di F1 hingga tahun 2010. Walaupun sempat hadir pesaing Michelin, namun keperkasaan Bridgestone di F1 yang menopang tim tersukses pada era tersebut, Ferrari, mampu meningkatkan image Bridgestone secara keseluruhan di industri ban dunia dan nasional. Walaupun image Bridgestone sempat terganggu ketika mereka membeli Firestone yang diiringi dengan insiden OEM Ford Explorer di Amerika di akhir 90’an, terbukti melalui langkah ini Bridgestone mampu menjadi merek favorit responden dalam riset MarkPlus Insight.

Dua contoh diatas dapat membuktikan masih terdapat peluang bagi pemain baru untuk bersaing di industri suku cadang nasional yang walaupun lanskap kompetitifnya masih menguntungkan untuk pemain lama. Untuk itu dibutuhkan metode pemasaran yang efektif dan kreatif untuk membawa merek baru menjadi terlihat di tengah merek-merek lama yang telah ada di pasar sebelumnya.

12 Company profile (Multistrada Arah Sarana, Gadja Tunggal)

GRAPH 10. SALES GROWTH OF MASA AND GT (IN PERCENTAGE)12

In addition, the incumbent manufacturers will not awalys stay dominating such dynamic market. As for example, Bridgestone had been able to unseat the domination of Goodyear by taking the chance of being the main sponsor of F1 in 2010 along with the Goodyear’s decision of quitting from F1 earlier in 1998. Although another competitor like Michelin emerged, the existence of Bridgestone in F1 in sponsoring the most successful team in the era, Ferrari, was able to increase their overall brand image in the global tires industry. Besides, albeit the image of Bridgestone was once bothered when they acquired Firestone and the incident of OEM Ford Explorer in USA in the late of 1990s, Bridgestone succeeds to build their brand. No wonder, Bridgestone now becomes one of the leading brands in the market, and MarkPlus Insight also confirm it as Bridgestone is selected as the the most favorite brand among respondents of based on the latest research.

These two examples prove that there is still opportunity available in the market for newcomers to take part among the competition although the current business landscape indeed provides bigger advantage for incumbent players. Therefore, the newcomers should be able to own a more effective and creative marketing method to expose their brands more in the mid of the strong incumbent brands that have been dominating the national spare parts market.

12

48%

20%

24%

20%

2008 2009 2010 2011

MASA27

%

0% 19%

43%

GT

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR• Hermawan Kartajaya is the Managing Partner of MarkPlus

Consulting. He has over 21 years of consulting experience. Hermawan was dubbed as “One of the 50 Gurus Who Have Shaped the Future of Marketing” by Chartered Institute of Marketing, United Kingdom

• Taufik is a Partner at MarkPlus Consulting. He has over 16 years of consulting experience. Taufik has an MBA from the Nanyang Fellows Programme (Nanyang Technological University and MIT Sloan School of Management).

• Jacky Mussry is a Partner at MarkPlus Consulting. He has over 16 years of consulting experience. Jacky has a doctorate degree in Strategic Management from University of Indonesia.

• Iwan Setiawan is a Principal at MarkPlus Consulting. He has over 7 years of consulting experience. Iwan has an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management.

• Farid Subkhan is a Co-Chief Operations of MarkPlus Insight. He has over 10 years of research and consulting experience. Farid has a master’s degree in Management of Development from the University of Turin, Italy.

• Joseph Kristofel is a Research Manager at MarkPlus Insight and Head of MarkPlus Insight’s Automotive, Transportation, and Logistic Industry with over 12 years of research experience.

• Melati Astri Maharani is a Manager at MarkPlus Consulting with over 4 years of consulting experience

• Antonius Januar is a Research Executive of Automotive, Transportation, and Logistic Industry at MarkPlus Insight.

• Reyhan S Munir is a Business Analyst at MarkPlus Consulting.

• Nino Oktora is a Business Analyst at MarkPlus Consulting

• Viko Zakhary is a Business Analyst at MarkPlus Consulting

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Copyright © MarkPlus Consulting, 2013All rights reserved

For Inquiries, Please Contact:

Iwan Setiawan([email protected])

Melati Astri Maharani([email protected])

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General Disclaimer:This paper has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this paper.