comparison of the uses of the verbs ser and estar
TRANSCRIPT
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COMPARISON OF THE USES OF THE VERBS SER AND
ESTAR
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I. USES OF SER
¿Quién eres tú?
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1a. Ser is used with the preposition “de” to express origin.
Es de México.¿De dónde es el bandido?
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Es de Canadá.¿De dónde es Juan?
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1b. SER is used with the preposition “de” to indicate possession.
Es de la Pantera Rosada.
¿De quién es el saxofón?
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Sí, es del pescador.
¿El pez es del pescador?
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1c. SER is used with the preposition “de” to indicate what something is made of.
El tumi es de cobre.
¿De qué esel tumi?
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2. SER is used to express characteristics such as appearance, size, colour,
nationality, etc.
¡Es muy bonito!
¿Cómo es?
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Es bajo y feo,¡pero inteligente!
¿Cómo es el hombre?
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Son gorditos pero activos.
¿Cómo son los gatos?
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3. SER is used to identify: to express who or what someone or something is.
Es Fidel.
¿Quién es?
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Es un hámster.
¿Qué es?
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Es un pirata.
¿Qué es?
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Es doctora.
¿Qué es tu hermana?
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4. SER is used to express days of the week, dates, months and seasons.
¡Es el primero de julio!¿Qué fecha es?
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Hoy es lunes.¿Qué día es hoy?
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Es invierno. ¡Tengo frío!¿Qué estación es?
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5. SER is used to express time of day.
Son las diez menos veinte.¿Qué hora es?
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6. SER is used with “para” to indicate the purpose or recipient of an object or
activity.
¡Es para mí!
¿Para quién es la carta?
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Es para escribir.
¿Para qué es el bolígrafo?
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7. SER is used with impersonal expressions.
¡Es importante no dejar todo para el último momento!
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¡Esto es imposible!
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8. SER is used to indicate where and when an event will take place.(In this
context it means “is happening”.)
La fiesta es el sábado.¿Cuándo es la fiesta?
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La fiesta es en mi casa.
¿Dónde es la fiesta?
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II. USES OF ESTAR
¡Estoy bien, gracias!
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1. ESTAR is used to indicate location, whether temporary or permanent.
¿Dónde está el museo?
El museo está muy cerca.
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2. ESTAR is used to form the progressive tense, used to indicate actions in
progress.
Están bailando.
¿Qué están haciendo?
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El conejo está tocando la flauta.
Y tú, ¿qué estás haciendo?
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3. ESTAR is used to describe the state or condition of the subject.
Está muy contento.
¿Cómo está el bebé?
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El hombre no está contento.¡Está enfadado!
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III. The choice of SER or ESTAR can change the meaning of an
adjective.
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1. aburrido
El profesor es aburrido y su clase es aburrida.
He is boring.
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Yo estoy aburrido en su clase.I am bored.
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2. listo
El robot es muy listo.
He is smart (intelligent).
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José está listo para ir a clase.
He is ready.
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3. malo
El diablo es malo.
He is evil.
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El pobre hombre está malo.
He is sick.
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4. vivo
Sylvester es vivo.
He is smart (cunning).
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¡El monstruo está vivo!
He´s alive.
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5. guapo
Los modelos son guapos.
They are handsome.
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El mayordomo está muy guapo.
He looks very nice.
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The use of ESTAR rather than SER is often used to indicate an
unusual or exceptional state.
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Mi blusa nueva es negra.
(Es una blusa negra; es su color.)
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¡Mi blusa está negra!
(Está sucia; tengo que lavarla.)
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La manzana es verde.(Es una Granny Smith.)
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La manzana está verde.
(No está lista para comer todavía.)
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Panchito es joven.
(Tiene seis años.)
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Mi abuela está joven. (Tiene 93 años, pero todavía sale a bailar la samba todos los sábados con mi abuelo.)