Comparison of Ground-Based Measurements and the ARCTAS

Flights Over EurekaKimberly Strong

Department of Physics, University of Toronto

With contributions from: C. Adams1, R. Batchelor1, J.R. Drummond2, W. Daffer3, P.F. Fogal1, A. Fraser1, F. Kolonjari1, R. Lindenmaier1, G. Manney3, K.A. Walker1, M.A. Wolff1, A. Manson4,

C. Meek4, T. Chshyolkova4, S. Polavarapu5, M. Reszka5, M. Neish1, A.Robichaud6, J. de Grandpré6, M. Roch6, S. Chabrillat7, S. Beagley8, S. Barthlott9, T. Blumenstock9, F. Hase9, J. Klyft10,

A. Strandberg10, J. Mellqvist10, N. O’Neill11, D. Wunch12, P. Wennberg12

(1) Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

(2) Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS(3) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA(4) Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, SK(5) Environment Canada, Downsview, ON(6) Environment Canada, Dorval, Quebec(7) Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium(8) Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, North York, ON(9) Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany(10) Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden(11) Universite Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec(12) California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

ARC-IONS Data Workshop, 7-8 January 2009, Toronto

The PEARL at Eureka Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory

Formerly Env. Canada’s Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory Run by the Canadian Network for Detection of Atmospheric

Change (CANDAC) since August 2005 Three facilities: PEARL ridge lab, ØPAL, and SAFIRE

Located on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut (80°N, 86°W)

15 km from Eureka Weather Station

1100 km from North Pole

PEARL Research Themes

PEARL research is divided into four themes: Arctic Troposphere Transport and Air Quality

The Arctic Radiative Environment

Impacts of Clouds, Aerosols and Diamond Dust

Middle Atmospheric Chemistry in the Arctic

Waves and Coupling Processes

Other significant research activities Satellite Validation

Sudden Events

Tobias Kerzenmacher

PEARL InstrumentsPEARL Stratospheric Ozone Lidar Bruker 125HR FTS UV-Visible Spectrometer Michelson Wind Interferometer

(ERWIN) Spectral Imaging Interferometer

(SATI) All Sky Imager Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS)

Cimel Sun Photometer Extended-range Atmospheric

Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI)

Meteorological instruments Brewer Spectrophotometer (EC)

ØPAL Millimeter Cloud Radar High Spectral Resolution Lidar Meteor Radar Polar Atmospheric Emitted

Radiance Interferometer (P-AERI)

Microwave H2O radiometer

Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Rayleigh/Mie/Raman Lidar

Cimel Sun Photometer Precipitation Sensor Suite

SAFIRE VHF radar BSRN Flux Tower

Green = currently installedBlue = “guest instrument”

UV-Visible Spectrometer New PEARL-GBS instrument installed in August 2006 Side-by-side with UT-GBS instrument (10th Arctic campaign) Recently installed sun-tracker for multi-axis scanning and

direct solar observations greater tropospheric sensitivity Daily automated zenith-sky measurements O3, NO2, BrO, OClO columns

2008

Clive Midwinter

2008

19992001

2007 20082006

20082006

First Two Years of O3 and NO2

C. Adams, A. FraserDay 2006 Day 2007 Day 2008

Vortex over Eureka

NO2 decreases in Fall as sunlight decreases.

NO2 recovers in Spring (complicated by vortex dynamics).

PEARL Bruker FTS PEARL Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier

Transform Spectrometer installed July 2006 Daily semi-automated solar infrared

absorption measurements Need direct sun - late February to late October Solar tracker High spectral resolution (up to 0.0024 cm-1) InSb and MCT detectors, KBr beamsplitter

Vertical profiles and columns retrieved using optimal estimation (SFIT2 v3.92c)

Reactive species, source gases, reservoirs, dynamical tracers O3, NO, NO2, HNO3, ClONO2, HCl, OClO, HF,

N2O, CFCs, CO, CH4, C2H6, HCN, OCS, CO2, ...

The First Two Years of FTS Data

O3

HF a tracer

HCl chlorine reservoir

ClONO2

chlorine reservoir

HNO3

nitrogen reservoir

Red boxes indicate

spring 2007 & spring 2008

R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier

Spring 2007 FTS Data

O3

HClchlorine

reservoir

HF a tracer

HNO3

nitrogen reservoir

ClONO2

chlorine reservoir

sPV

2007: The vortex was above Eureka for a large part of the campaign.

R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier;

sPV data - G. Manney & W. Daffer; PV plot -

A. Dornbrack & ECMWF

R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier;

sPV data - G. Manney & W. Daffer; PV plot -

A. Dornbrack & ECMWF

Spring 2008 FTS Data

O3

HClchlorine

reservoir

HF a tracer

HNO3

nitrogen reservoir

ClONO2

chlorine reservoir

sPV

2008: Sudden stratospheric warming in mid-February and very little vortex activity above Eureka during March

Mar 13Mar. 13

IASOA = International Arctic Systems for Observing the AtmosphereNDACC = Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change

IASOA and NDACC Stations

Eureka, Canada

Tiksi, Russia

Alert, Canada

Summit, Greenland,Denmark

Ny Alesund, Svalbard, Norway

Alomar, Norway

Barrow, Alaska, USA

Thule

Kiruna

Poker Flat

Harestua

Eureka

Ny Alesund

Other Arctic FTS Stations Six NDACC FTS instruments are located north of 60º

Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Poker Flat, Kiruna, Harestua, Ny Alesund, Thule, Eureka

R. Batchelor

Kiruna: S. Barthlott,

T. Blumenstock, F. Hase

Harestua: J. Klyft, A. Strandberg,

J. Mellqvist

Days 1 to 100, 2007

Data and movie by Chris Meek (U. Sask)

A. Manson, C. Meek, T. Chshyolkova

Spring 2007 Arctic Vortex

Polar vortex edge at 600 K (~22 km) identified using Q diagnostic a measure of the rotation and strain in a wind field

Eureka Ny Alesund Thule Kiruna Poker Flat Harestua

The First Two Years of FTS Data

CO

C2H6

HCN

CH4

N2O

Tropospheric Species

R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier

Photos courtesy of Rich DeVall, Environment Canada

NASA DC-8 and P-3 spiral over Eureka, April 8 2008

1600ZPlots by Debra Wunch, Caltech/JPL

DC-8 Flight Path

MIR measurementsNIR measurements

7880 cm-1 O2 Band

6220 cm-1 CO2 Band

Measurements by Rebecca BatchelorU of Toronto

Trial Near IR Measurements 8 April 2008 tests during ARCTAS campaign - NASA DC-8

and P-3 research aircraft flew spirals over Eureka Used CaF2 beamsplitter and InSb detector

(not standard TCCON configuration)

Plots and analysis by Debra Wunch, Caltech/JPL

April 5, 2008trial measurements

Eureka Near IR - Example Fit

Plots and analysis by Debra Wunch, Caltech/JPL

April 8, 2008

IPY: Models and Measurements

“To have any hope of understanding the current global climate and what might happen in future the science community needs a better picture of conditions at the poles and how they interact with and influence the oceans, atmosphere and land masses. Existing climate models do not work well in the polar regions...”

IPY website http://classic.ipy.org/about/what-is-ipy.htm

Special IPY model runs have been produced for 2007/2008 Comparing measurements to models allows us to assess

how well these model runs are simulating conditions near the poles

Models can be used to help interpret measurements dynamically versus chemically in relation to the Arctic as a whole

IPY Data Assimilation Models The Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model – Data

Assimilated (CMAM-DA) 96 x 48 points covering the globe, with 71 layers from the

troposphere (high resolution) to the mesosphere (3 km resolution) Stratospheric gas phase chemistry Tropospheric methane chemistry only 3D-Var FGAT assimilation of meteorological fields

Environment Canada’s Global Environmental Multiscale stratospheric model, run with the BIRA (Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy) online chemistry package (GEM-BACH) 1.5 degree (240 x 120) resolution, 80 levels with a lid at 0.1 hPa A hybrid model, with the benefits of meteorological assimilation

from GEM-Meso-Strato and the advantages of an online chemistry package executed every time step

3D-Var FGAT assimilation of meteorological fields

Stratospheric N2O Comparisons

GEM-BACH

CMAM-DA

Excellent agreement for both GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA

R. BatchelorModel data provided by the GEM-BACH and CMAM teams.

Stratospheric O3 Comparisons

GEM-BACH

CMAM-DAExcellent agreement for both GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA

R. BatchelorModel data provided by the GEM-BACH and CMAM teams.

Summary PEARL site is now well established at Eureka

First two years of data from UV-visible & FTS instruments

Measurements of O3, CO, CO2, BrO, and other gases during spring 2008 ARCTAS campaign

Analysis and interpretation is ongoing

Spring measurements require careful interpretation Polar vortex dynamics tend to dominate observed concentrations

IPY meteorologically assimilated models GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA generally do A good job of reproducing stratospheric chemistry

A very good job of reproducing stratospheric dynamics

Other model and satellite comparisons underway GEOS-Chem, SLIMCAT, KASIMA, ACE, AIRS, Aura, ...

Acknowledgements CANDAC and PEARL are supported by

AIF/NSIRT, CFCAS, CFI, CSA, EC, GOC-IPY, MRI, MSC, NSERC, OIT, PCSP, SEARCH

The Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns are supported by CSA, EC, NSERC, NSTP, CGCS

Logistical and operational support at Eureka is provided by CANDAC/PEARL Principal Investigator

James R. Drummond PEARL Site Manager Pierre Fogal The CANDAC operators The wonderful team at EC’s Weather Station

The GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA teams The EU projects GEOMON and SCOUT-O3 NASA and ARCTAS