comp2 unit2c lecture slides

The Culture of Healthcare

Health Professionals – The People In Healthcare

Lecture cThis material (Comp2_Unit2c) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the

Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.

Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare

Learning Objectives• Define terms used in healthcare including clinician, patient, disease, and

syndrome and in health professionals’ education and training. (Lecture a)• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of

physicians including those in primary care and other specialties. (Lecture a)• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of nurses,

advanced practice nurses, LPNs, MA’s and Medication Aids. (Lecture b)• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of

physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, allied health professionals. (Lecture c)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of paramedics, EMTs, dental professionals, mental health professionals, and social workers. (Lecture c)

2Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

The Culture of Healthcare Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare

Lecture c

Physician Assistant• Education

– Most PA applicants have a B.A.– Associate, Bachelors, or Masters Degree

• Training– Preclinical– Clinical

• Certification– Required to pass the Physician Assistant National

Certifying Exam, maintaining certification requires Continuing Medical Education and recertifying every six years



Lecture c

Physician Assistant• Licensure

– In most states licensure is by a the medical board, some states have a specific PA board

• Roles– Diagnose and treat patients– Prescribing authority– Hospital and nursing home rounds



Lecture c

Pharmacist• Education

– Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) required since 2007

• Training– Usually two years of general studies (usually

prior to admittance)– Usually two years of pharmacy science– Usually two years of clinical pharmacy– Option exist for residency and fellowships



Lecture c

Pharmacy• Certification

– The are six specialty practice areas recognized by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties; Ambulatory Care Pharmacy, Nuclear Pharmacy, Nutrition Support Pharmacy, Oncology Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy, and Psychiatric Pharmacy



Lecture c

Pharmacy• Licensure

– Varies by States– North America Pharmacy Licensure Exam (NAPLEX)– Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam (MPJE)– Some states require a state exam instead of or in

addition to the MPJE• Roles

– Dispensing, community and hospital based– Consulting, usually hospital based



Lecture c

Respiratory Therapy• Education

– Usually an Associate Degree, but there are Bachelor’s Degree’s in Respiratory Therapy

• Training– Preclinical– Clinical

• Certification – two levels– Certified Respiratory Therapist Exam (CRT)– Registered Respiratory Therapist Exam (RRT)– Both exams are offered by the National Board of

Respiratory Care



Lecture c

Respiratory Therapy• Licensure

– Required in most States– Successful completion of the CRT exam

required• Roles

– Respiratory Assess– Patient Education– Respiratory Treatments and Medication– Oxygen Administration and Ventilator Support



Lecture c

Physical Therapy• Physical Therapy Aide

– On the job training– Not licensed

• Physical Therapy Assistant– Associate Degree– Licensure varies by state

• Physical Therapist– Master or Doctoral Degree– Licensure

• NPTE• Other exams or requirements



Lecture c

Occupational Therapy• Occupational Therapy Aide

– On the job training– Not licensed

• Occupational Therapy Assistant– Associate Degree or Certificate– Certification

• COTA– Licensure varies by state

• Occupational Therapist– Master or Doctoral Degree– Certification

• OTR– Licensure varies by state



Lecture c

Radiology Technician/ Technologist

• Education– Certificate, Associate Degree, Bachelor’s

Degree• Training

– Some general studies– Anatomy, Physiology, Math, Physics,

Radiation Technology– Clinical practicums



Lecture c


• Certification– Voluntary Certification by the American

Registry of Radiologic Technologist (ARRT)– Accredited training program and an exam

• Licensure – Varies by state, but most require licensure– ARRT certification is often a requirement



Lecture c


• Role– Help maintain and calibrate equipment– Position and set controls for X-Rays– May specialize in a specific type of Radiology

like Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging



Lecture c

EKG Technician• Education

– Often on the job training– Certificate programs usually consists of a

single course• Training

– Basic anatomy, physiology and electrophysiology of the heart

– Technical training on how to use the equipment, verify quality of the tracing



Lecture c

EKG Technician• Certification

– There appear to be some certification exams but they do not appear to be required

• License– No state license required

• Role– It the most basic form, EKG Technicians set up the

EKG equipment, run the test, evaluate whether it is an accurate recording and prepare the recording for interpretation.



Lecture c

Dietetics and Nutrition• Dietetic Technician• (DTR)

– Associates Degree– Registration Examination for Dietetic Technicians– Variable Licensure

• Dietician (RD)– Bachelor’s Degree– Registration Examination for Dieticians– Most states require licensure, certification or

registration



Lecture c

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) and Paramedics

• First Responder• 40 hours+• Cognitive and Psycho-motor Exam• EMT Basic• 110+ Hours• Cognitive and Psychomotor Exam

• EMT Intermediate/85• 200-400+ hours• Cognitive Exam • Psychomotor Exam• 1. Pt. Assessment Management• 2. Ventilatory Management• 3. IV Therapy• 4. Random Basic Skills

• EMT Intermediate/99• 200-400+ hours• Cognitive Exam, Psychomotor Exam• 1.Pt. Assess Trauma• 2.Pt. Assess Medical• 3. Vent. Manage• 4. Cardiac Manage• 5. IV/ Med• 6. Ped. Skills• 7. Basic Skills

• Paramedic • 1000 hours+ or Assoc . Degree• Cognitive Exam, Psychomotor Exam• 1. Pt. Assess Trauma• 2. Vent. Manage• 3. Cardiac Manage• 4. IV/ Med• 5. Oral Cases• 6. Ped. Skills• 7. Basic Skills



Lecture c

National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. (2010). National EMS certification examinations.

Retrieved from http://www.nremt.org

http://www.nremt.org/

Dental Health• Dental Assistant

– Education• On the Job• Certificate• Associates Degree

– Certification• Certified Dental

Assistant Exam– Licensure

• Varies by State

• Dental Hygienist– Education

• Associates Degree• Bachelor’s Degree

– Licensure• National Dental

Hygiene Board Exam

• State Clinical Board



Lecture c

Dentist• Education

– Doctor Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD)

– 4 years of college– 4 years of dental school

• Training– Preclinical – Clinical



Lecture c

Dentist• Licensure

– Dental School– Written National Board Dental Examinations – Additional written and practical examinations vary by

state• Role

– General preventive, restorative and periodontal care



Lecture c

Mental Health Professionals

• Counselor– Education:– Master’s Degree– Training: Supervised Clinical

Experience

• Psychologist– Education:– PhD– Training: Supervised Clinical

Experience

• Psychiatrist– Education:– MD– Residency– Training: 4 Years Residency

Training



Lecture c

Mental Health Professionals

• Counselor– Licensure:– Required but varies by state– Role:– Counseling Therapy

• Psychologist– Licensure:– Required but varies by state– Role:– Counseling Therapy

• Psychiatrist– Licensure:– USLME Exams– Certification:– Psychiatry Board– Role:– Counseling Therapy– May prescribe medication



Lecture c

Social Workers• Education

– Bachelor's Degree in Social Work (BSW)– Master’s Degree in Social Work (BSW)

• Training– BSW focuses on direct service– MSW more clinical and supervisory training

• Licensure– All states and the District of Columbia require

licensure, certification or registration.



Lecture c

Social Workers• Roles

– BSW• Direct Service• Case Management

– Health, housing, relationships, disability

– MSW• Counseling• Case Management• Supervisory• May specialize in certain areas like mental health,

substance abuse, rehabilitation



Lecture c

Case Manager• Education

– Varies greatly to include on the job training, Associate or Certificate Programs, Nursing Degrees and Social Service Degrees

• Training– May include additional training specific for case

management• Certification

– There are specific certification for “Case Managers” but does not tend to be required.



Lecture c

Case Manager• Licensure

– Depending on Education and Training• Role

– A case manager is required to assess a client or patients problems and mobilize resources to enable the best ability to function



Lecture c


Summary – Lecture c

• Education, training, certification, licensure and roles for Physician Assistants, Pharmacists, Respiratory, Physical and Occupation Therapists, Technicians, and Nutrition and Dietary Personnel.

• Paramedics and EMTs, dental health professionals, mental health professionals, Social Workers, and Case Managers.



Lecture c


Summary

• Terminology used in healthcare and in the education of health professionals.

• Education, training, certification, licensure and roles of physicians, nursing personnel and others, including common specialties and subspecialties.

• Healthcare roles in specific work settings, specialty areas, and non-clinical fields.



Lecture c


References – Lecture cReferencesAmerican Medical Association. (2010). Health professions. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care.shtmlAmerican Medical Association. (2010).Careers in healthcare Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/directory.shtmlAmerican Medical Association. (2010). Health professions associations. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-associations.shtml American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions education accrediting agencies. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-education.shtmlAmerican Medical Association. (2010). Health care income ranges. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-care-income.shtmlExplore Healthcareers. (2010). Career explorer. Retrieved from http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/index.aspxHealthcareers in Michgan. (2010). Health careers videos. Retrieved from http://www.michigan.gov/healthcareers/0,1607,7-221-39742_39457---,00.htmlHRSA: Bureau of Health Professions. (2010). National center for health workforce analysis: health workforce personnel factbook . Retrieved from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/reports/factbook.htmMedline Plus. (2010). Health occupations. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthoccupations.htmlNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/feature/index.htmNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. . Alphabetical list. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/alpha.htm



Lecture c

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/directory.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-associations.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-education.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-care-income.shtml

http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/index.aspx


References – Lecture c (continued)References (continued)National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Education requirements.

Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/education.htmNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Interest area. Retrieved from

http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/interestarea.htmNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Median salary. Retrieved from

http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/salary.htm• National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. (2010). National EMS certification examinations. Retrieved from http://www.nremt.org



Lecture c

comp2 unit2c lecture slides

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