Lesson 1: Microsoft Word 2003/2002 for Windows

The Title Bar

• This lesson will familiarize you with the Microsoft Word screen. We will start with the Title bar, which is located at the very top of the screen. On the Title bar, Microsoft Word displays the name of the document on which you are currently working. At the top of your screen, you should see "Microsoft Word - Document1" or a similar name

The Menu Bar

• The Menu bar is generally found directly below the Title bar. The Menu bar displays the menu. The Menu bar begins with the word File and continues with Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window, and Help.

Toolbars

• Toolbars provide shortcuts to menu commands. Toolbars are generally located just below the Menu bar. Before proceeding with this lesson, make sure the toolbars you will use -- Standard and Formatting -- are available.

Ruler

• The ruler is generally found below the main toolbars. The ruler is used to change the format of your document quickly. To display the ruler:

• Click View on the Menu bar.

Document View

• In Word, you can display your document in one of five views: Normal, Web Layout, Print Layout, Reading Layout, or Online Layout.

Text Area

Status Bar

• The Status bar appears at the very bottom of the screen and provides such information as the current page, current section, total number of pages, inches from the top of the page, current line number, and current column number.

Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bars

Formatting a Document ( MS Word Short cuts)

• Ctrl + Home: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document. • Ctrl + End: Places the cursor at the end of the document.

• SHIFT+F3 : to Quickly Change the Case of Text

• Ctrl + Alt +I : For Print Preview

• F7 : Spelling check

• Ctrl+ shift+>To increase font size

• ALT+SHIFT+D: Insert Current Date 1/16/2009

• ALT+SHIFT+T: Insert Current Time 10:53:36 AM

• F1- Help, F5- Help and replace

Power point short cuts

• New Presentation CTRL+N• Open a Presentation CTRL+O• Save CTRL+S, F12 • Print CTRL+P • Find CTRL+F• Replace CTRL+H • New Slide (menu) CTRL+M• Cut CTRL+X • Copy CTRL+C • Paste CTRL+V • Undo CTRL+Z

Excel Short cuts

• Ctrl+Home: Move to the beginning of your worksheet • Ctrl+End: Move to the end of your worksheet

• Ctrl+S: Save your Excel workbook • Ctrl+O: Open an existing Excel workbook • Ctrl+N: Create a new Excel workbook

Other Imp from MS Word

• The Menu bar begins with the word File and continues with Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window, and Help.

• Example: Movie File, tab Setting, Macro, Mail Merge, Header and footer

OPERATING SYSTEM

• Microsoft Windows: • It is a series of software operating systems and

graphical user interfaces (GUIs) produced by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

PARTS OF COMPUTER• 1. Hardware

• 2. Software: • Software is that essential part of a computer which we can’t see or touch.

• 3. Skinware:• Only the outermost parts of the computer are called skinware the mounting of the

CPU of the computer, Monitor, Keyboard and other things are called skinware.

• 4. Liveware• Liveware or humanware are the same things. Those persons who are related directly

or indirectly with the computer are called liveware. Computer programmers, operators, manufacturers, sellers, service engineers and even customers, who are related directly or indirectly to computers, fall in this category.

• 5. Firmware• Combined form of hardware and software is called firmware programs are software

and ICs are hardware but program loaded ICs are called firmware.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

Digital computer is classified according to their size and processing power in the following categories:

1. Supercomputers: The processing speed of supercomputers lies in the range 400-10,000 MIPS (mega instructions per second), word length 64-96 bits, memory capacity 256 M byte and more, hard disk capacity 1000 G byte and more and machine cycle time 4-6 nanosecond (ns). PARAM supercomputer is made by India which speed is 10 billions instruction in a second.

2. Mainframe computers: Mainframe computers are powerful, large general purpose computers. Their word length may be 48, 60 or 64 bits, processing speed, 30-100 MIPS.

3. Minicomputers: Minicomputers work faster and have more powerful CPUs than microcomputers. Their word length is 32 bits. A minicomputer can support up to 64 or even more terminals, in local area network setup. Minicomputers are used for multi-user.

4. Desktop computers• Desktop computer is just another term for personal or microcomputer. It containing

the workstations and personal computers.

PERIPHERALS

• The input/ output (I/O) devices and the secondary storage units of a computer are called peripherals.

• 1. Input Data and Input Units • Examples are:• (a) Mouse (b) Joystick (c) Trackball (d) Light pen (e) Graphic tablet (f) Touch screen

(g) Scanners: Scanners are a kind of input devices. • Important types of scanners are optical scanners and magnetic-ink character readers.• The major types of scanners:

• (i) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR): • These devices were developed to assist the banking industry • In processing the tremendous volume of cheques being written everyday. A special type of

cheques is used in banks that are processed employing MICR devices• .• (ii) Optical Character Reader (OCR): These scanner devices are capable of detecting

alphabetic and numeric characters printed on paper. These characters may be either typewritten or handwritten. A wide range of fonts, using ordinary inks, can now be accepted by OCR devices.

• (iii) Optical Mark Reader (OMR): These scanners are capable of recognizing a pre-specified type of mark made by pencil or pen.

PERIPHERALS ( Contd…)

• Joysticks: A joystick is also a pointing device. It is used to move the cursor position on a CRT screen.

• Trackballs: A trackball is also a pointing device and contains a ball which can rotate-in any direction.

• Video Display Unit (VDU): A terminal is an input/ output device for a computer that usually has a keyboard for input and a video screen or printer as output device.

• Video Graphics Array (VGA): The most common video monitor sold today is the VGA monitor which is the best among all the other types of Monitors.

PERIPHERALS ( out put devices)

• (a) Printer: Printers are the most popular output devices. A character printer prints one character of the text at a time. They are low-speed printers. Their printing speed lies in the range of 30-600 characters per second.

• The character printers can be classified as

• (i) Impact printers:• Impact printers use an electro-mechanical mechanism that causes hammers or pins to

strike against a ribbon and paper to print the text. Two types of impact character printers are available: dot-matrix printers and letter quality printers.

• (ii) Non-impact Character Printers: This type of printers uses thermal, electrostatic, chemical and inkjet technologies.

PERIPHERALS ( out put devices) Contd..

Types of Non- impact Character Printers • (1) Dot-Matrix Type Thermal Character Printers: Such printers have a speed of about 200

characters per second (cps).• (2) Ink-Jet Character Printers: The average life of an ink-jet print head is about 10 billion

characters which is 5 times more than that of the print head of an impact type dot-matrix printer.

• (3) Laser Printers: The resolution of LSASER printer is measured in DPI (Dots per inch)• (4)Line Printers: The impact type line printers are of the following types:

– Drum printer

– Chain printer

– Band printer

Computer Languages

• 1. Machine languages: The computer understands only machine language. In this language, Binary codes (0, 1) are used.

• 2. Assembly languages: In Assembly-language mnemonic codes were used along with binary codes. Mnemonic codes are short words representing the whole instruction like LDA for load.

• 3. High-level languages: High level language is that in which all the English alphabet, numbers and symbols are used. The program writing in high level language is very easy to read and write, even though the computer may not understand it directly.

• These are also known as third generation languages

High Level Languages

• (i) BASIC: BASIC is the short name of Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. This language was invented by two American professors, J.G. Keenly and T.E. Kurtz, of Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, USA. In 1964, this was used for the first time.

• (ii FORTRAN: Formula Translation, in short, is called FORTRAN. This was the first available high level language developed by IBM in 1957.

• (iii) PASCAL: Pascal was named after the great French Mathematician - Blasé Pascal

• (iv) COBOL: In short, Common Business Oriented Language is called COBOL. Many of the Y2K (Year 2000) solutions were given using COBOL.

• (v) C and UNIX: Unix Operating System and C languages were developed in 1972 at Bell Laboratories in the USA. ‘C’ was developed by Dennis Ritchie. These are called fourth generation languages.

TRANSLATORS

• Computer has a translator which translates our language into computer’s language after processing and vice versa.

• There are three types of translators:

• 1. Assembler: A program which translates the program of assembly language into machine language is called Assembler.

• 2. Compiler: High level language is translated by compiler into machine language. Compiler is a software which translates the whole program at a time when it is completely fed into the computer.

• 3. Interpreter: This is the best translator for high level language. Interpreter interprets each line simultaneously when entered into the computer.

GENERATION OF LANGUAGES

• Computer languages by generation are classified as follows:

• 1. First generation (late 1940s)-machine languages.

• 2. Second generation (early 1950s)-assembly languages.

• 3. Third generation (late 1950s through to 1970s) - high level languages.

• 4. Fourth generation (late 1970 onwards)-including a whole angle of query languages and other tools.

NETWORK TERMINOLOGY

• 1. Node: Any device attached to the network capable of communicating with other devices. In Novel Netware, a workstation is often called a node.

• 2. Links: A communication path between two nodes or channels is known as a link.

• 3. Connectivity: By connectivity we mean a data communication process in which communication proceeds through three well defined phases. These are:

• (a) Connection between two or more nodes is established.• (b) Data transfer between two nodes.• (c) Connection is released after data transfer between two or more nodes has taken

place.

• 4. Switching: Switching is an important technique that can determine how connections are made and how data movement is handled on a Wide Area Network (WAN). Three major switching techniques are available to route messages through internet works are:

• (a) Circuit switching• (b) Message switching• (c) Packet switching

CONCEPTS OF LAN, WAN AND MAN 

• 1. LAN (Local Area Network) LANs provide the means to move data between stations on the network and to

manage the data path common to the stations. "Internal" in this context refers to the confines of an office, a group of offices, a building or a closely spaced group of two or more PCs connected together by some type of communications media (wire or cable) to form a data path between the computers. Local area networks allow sharing of expensive resources such as laser printers and high-capacity, high speed mass storage devices among a number of users.

• 2. WAN (Wide Area Network) Wide area networks (WANs) operate at a much wider geographical distance than

LANs. Internet is an example of WAN.

• 3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) MAN is a data network intended to serve an area approximately that of a large city.

Why Net work?

INTERNET

• 1. Internet protocols are sets of rules that allow for inter machine communication on the Internet. The following is a sample of major protocols accessible on the Web:

• (a) E-mail (Simple Mail Transport Protocol or SMTP):• Distributes electronic messages and files to one or more electronic mailboxes

• (b) Telnet (Telnet Protocol): Facilitates login to a computer host to execute • commands

• (c) FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Transfers text or binary files between an FTP server and client

• (d) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Transmits hypertext over networks. This is the protocol of the Web

INTERNET ( contd..)

• 2. HYPERTEXT AND LINKS :The operation of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. Hyper Text is a document containing words that connect to other documents.

• Ted Nelson coined term "hypertext" in 1963 and published it in 1965. He also is credited with first use of the words hypermedia, translation, and vitality.

• 3. THE URL and DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM • URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. The URL specifies the Internet address of

a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet. Every file on the Internet, no matter what its access protocol, has a unique URL.

• A top-level domain (TLD), sometimes referred to as a top-level domain name, is the last part of an Internet domain name, that is, the group of letters that follow the final dot of any domain name. For example, in the domain name

• www. example. com, the top-level domain is com There are only a limited number of such domains. For example:

• gov - Government agencies , edu - Educational institutions , org - Organizations (nonprofit) ,mil - Military ,com - commercial business ,net - Network organizations, ca - Canada , th - Thailand

IP Address• An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol

route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to

255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address. • Within an isolated network, you can assign IP addresses at random as long as each one is

unique. However, connecting a private network to the Internet requires using registered IP addresses (called Internet addresses) to avoid duplicates.

• The four numbers in an IP address are used in different ways to identify a particular network and a host on that network. Four regional Internet registries -- ARIN, RIPE NCC, LACNIC and APNIC -- assign Internet addresses from the following three classes.

• Short for the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre, one of four non-profit organizations that register and administer IP addresses. APNIC serves the Asia Pacific region, which consists of 62

economies.

Memory• Primary storage, presently known as memory, is the only one directly accessible to

the CPU .

• Secondary storage, or storage in popular usage, differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down—it is non-volatile.

• Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB sticks or keys), floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punch cards, standalone RAM disks, and Zip drives

Memory ( contd..)

• Volatile memory, also known as volatile storage or primary storage device, is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information, unlike non-volatile memory which does not require a maintained power supply.

• Non-volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, NVM or non-volatile storage, is computer memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered. Examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory, flash memory, most types of magnetic computer storage devices (e.g. hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), optical discs, and early computer storage methods such as paper tape and punch cards

SOME IMPORTANT INTERNET GLOSSARY

• CDMA -- (Code Division Multiple Access)

• HTML -- (Hypertext Markup Language)

• VSAT – (Very Small Aperture Terminal)

• HTTP -- (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

• PDF -- (Portable Document Format)• ASCIII—(American Standard Code for Information Interchange )

Data Hierarchy• Data Hierarchy refers to the systematic organization of data, often in a hierarchical

form. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on.

• A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. "September 19, 2004". This can be treated as a single date field (eg birthdate), or 3 fields, namely, month, day of month and year.

• A record is a collection of related fields. An Employee record may contain a name field(s), address fields, birthdate field and so on.

• A file is a collection of related records. If there are 100 employees, then each employee would have a record (e.g. called Employee Personal Details record) and the collection of 100 such records would constitute a file (in this case, called Employee Personal Details file).

• Files are integrated into a database. This is done using a Database Management System. If there are other facets of employee data that we wish to capture, then other files such as Employee Training History file and Employee Work History file could be created as well.