comp 150: developmental robotics · 2017. 9. 19. · basic robotics research problems ... –...
TRANSCRIPT
COMP 150: Developmental Robotics
Instructor: Jivko Sinapovwww.cs.tufts.edu/~jsinapov
This Week
● Brief history and overview of robotics
● Getting started with robot simulators
Sharing information and knowledge between two robots
Basic Robotics Research Problems
● Mapping and Localization– Vision-based
– Laser-based
● Navigation and Movement– Planning Trajectories
– Obstacle Avoidance
● Object Manipulation– Grasping
– Pick and Place
– Dextrous Manipulation
Mapping and Localization, a.k.a where in the world is the robot?
Odometry-based Localization
Example
ROBOT starts at (0,0)
Commands:– FORWARD(15 m)
– TURN_LEFT(90 deg)
– FORWARD(15 m)
– TURN_LEFT(90 deg)
– FORWARD(25 m)
Where does the robot end up?
Here is what actually happens...
Odometry Motion Model
Case Study: Minerva Robot (late 90s)
Case Study: Minerva Robot (late 90s)
Using Ceiling Maps for Localization
Under a light
Measurement z: P(z|x):
Next to a light
Measurement z: P(z|x):
Eslewhere
Measurement z: P(z|x):
Video
Introduction to Particle Filters
[Thrun, Burgard & Fox (2005)]
At start, the robot has no idea...
Next, the robot senses a door...
Since there are 3 identical doors the robot can be next to any one of them
Therefore, we inflate balls (particles) that are next to doors and shrink all others
Therefore, we inflate balls (particles) that are next to doors and shrink all others
Before we continue we have to make all balls to be of equal size. We need to resample.
Resampling Rules
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=
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After Resampling...
Next, the robot moves to the right...
...so we move the balls as well
...and add some position noise
Next, the robot senses that it is next to one of the three doors
Now we have to resample again
The robot moves again
… so we must move all balls (particles) to the right again
And so on...
Another case study
Latest and Greatest: 3D Mapping
[ Michael Kaess, Georgia Tech]
Latest and Greatest: 3D Mapping
[ Michael Kaess, Georgia Tech]
State of the art: Cartographer
[ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cK6s7soVwws ]
Grasping and Manipulation
Kinematics
Forward Kinematics
GIVEN
FIND
Inverse Kinematics
FIND
GIVEN
Grasping
Typically framed as pose estimation
Agile-grasp with HSR1
Function-Based Grasping
[http://www.madry.pro/images/projects/task_grasping/grasp_examples/object_task.png]
Next...
● Getting started with a robot simulator