communication sem 1
TRANSCRIPT
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communication
Chapter 1
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Objective
By the end of the session the student will be
able :
To know the history of communication Define the communication
Explain the communication process
Types, method and modes of communication
State factors affecting communication
process
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Started even before we know howto write or spellthe word communication.
It evolved from simple body language toancient
pictorial messages carved onrocks intochannelsofcommunication like television,telephone tothe
world of web that broughtthe world together.
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Dates back to the earliest sign of life. Speech was revolutionized about 200,000
years ago.
Symbols was developed about 30,000years and writing about 7,000.
Telecommunication developed for the past
few centuries.
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S
ymbols-The imperfectionof speech.
- Easier disseminationofideas.- stimulated inventions.
- resulted inthe creationofnew forms ofcommunications,improvingboth therange at which people could
communicate.
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Petroglyphs- Carvings intoarock surface.
- Tellingabout stories aboutthe event.Pictograms- Is a symbol representingaconcept,
activity, place or event (showinganevent).
- Is a formof proto-writingwherebyideastransmitted through drawings.
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Ideogram
- A graphic symbol thatrepresents anidea
orconcept.Writing-Systems ofrepresentationof language
through graphic.Alphabets
- Emerged around 2000BC in Ancient
Egypt.
- Mostalphabets developed from here.
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Cave Paintings- The oldest known symbols created with
the purpose ofcommunicating.- though not well standardized containinformation.
Speech- Evolutionofthe brain.
- Allowed humans tomasteravery
efficient formofcommunication.
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Continue
Facilitated transmission of information and
knowledge.
Allowed human to adapt themselves to new
environment.
Easier coordination and cooperation.
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Cave drawings were murals that people painted onto the walls of caves and canyons to tell
the story of their culture. They would tell stories of battles, hunts and culture.
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Smoke signals were another wayto send
messages to people who were notcloseenough touse words with.
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drums were one way to send signals to neighboring tribes and
groups. The sound of the drumming patterns would tell them of
concerns and events they needed to know.
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Storytelling was used to tell stories, both
fiction and nonfiction, before there were
books. It was a way for families and
communities to pass on information about
their past.
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Religious symbols
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Cave Paintings
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SPEECH
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Petroglyphs
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Pictograph from 1510 telling a story of coming ofmissionaries to
Hispaniola
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Ideograms
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Whatis communication
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Definition
Commonly defined as the imparting orinterchange of thoughts, opinions or
information by speech, writing or signs.
An act or instance of transmitting and aprocess by which information is
exchanged between individuals.
Perceived as a two-way process.
The sending and receiving of a message.
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Process of Communication
Sender the one who conveys the messageto another person.
Message-the thought,idea,or emotionconveyed.
Channel- how the message is sent. Receiver physiological/psychological
components.
Feedback the receivers response to thesender
Influences-Culture ,education, emotions.etc
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Types/Modes/Method of Communication
3 major parts in human face to facecommunication which are:
- body language.
- Voice tonality.- Eye contact.
According to research
- 55% determined by body language.- 38% voice tone.
- 7% content or words used.
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Verbal Communication
is the act of saying what's on your mind withwords.
is the ability to explain and present your ideas in
clear.
Is when we communicate our message verbally
to whoever is receiving the message.
is the spoken words and enunciation, stress,
tone used to convey a message
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Verbal
Speeches Presentations
In Person Interviews
Telephone Interviews Meetings
Teleconferences
Networking Phone Calls
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Nonverbal
The ability to enhance the expression ofideas, through the use body language,gestures, facial expressions, tone ofvoice, use of pictures, icons and symbols.
is talking without speaking a word. It is very effective, maybe even more so
than speech.
Remember the saying, Actions speak
louder than words
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Factors thatinfluence/affect
communicationVerbal Messages
content of our message choice and
arrangement of our words. use of language that is Jargon.
Words that are critical, blaming, judgmental
or accusatory tend to create a resistant and
defensive mindset that is not conducive to
problem solving.
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Non-Verbal (non-word messages)
Gestures (misunderstood gestures are amajor barrier)
- Anger
Emotional (personal feelings at the moment)- Facial expressions
Perceptional (viewing what is said from
your own mindset).-Tone of voice
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Physical (time, environment, comfort, needs,physical medium)
Cultural (ethnic, religious, and social
differences,G
eneral Appearance and Dress)
Motivational (mental inertia)
Experiential (lack of similar experience)
Continue
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Effective Communication Technique
Listen Actively- Be attentive (Concentrate on what is said)
- Be impartial (dont form, just listen)
- Reflect back (repeat back, helps the speakerknow that you understand)
- Summarize (Pull together the important
message)
- Open-ended questions
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Continue
Nonverbal Message- Posture (show that you are interested by
sitting up)
- Equal Positioning (speaker standing, youstand also)
- Facial Expressions ( feelings are reflected infacial expression).
-G
estures (body language revealse.g.bored,in a hurry)
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Continue
Communicate Without Being Adversarial Express concerns non-judgmentally - talk
about your questions or concerns without
blaming other people. Rather than talking
about people not doing his/her job, discusswith them
Use "I" messages. Rather than say, "You
didn't explain that very well," say, "I didn'tunderstand what you just said. Please
explain it again."
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Communication in Nursing
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Communication forms the foundation of allnursing care yet strangely, it is an area ofnursing which has often been taken for
granted or underestimated."
(Macleod-Clarke, 1984,p.52)
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forms the foundation of all nursing care.
Nurses have to be intermediaries betweendoctors and patients.
The welfare of the patient has to be first
and foremost in the consideration ofnursing.
requires nurse sensitivity when dealing
with the sick and dying. (Her threshold of
tolerance must be high to meet patients
need).
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involves
- verbal communications (Oral).- Written
- Self-Reflection
When a nurse uses either of theseskills they
-need to be clear, simple, to the pointand time
-appropriate as to avoidmiscommunication.
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Oral Communication
Nurses communicate within many differentrelationships, each with their own rules
- Nurse-Nurse
- Nurse-Nursing Assistant
- Nurse-Student Nurse
- Nurse-Physician
- Nurse-Other Health Professionals
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Written Communication
On Charts (Vital Signs,GCS)
Requisitions forLab Test and other
diagnostic procedures. Electronic Computers
Telemedicine-Transmit health information
form one hospital to another hospital.
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Self-Reflection is gaining insight.
involves looking beyond the immediate
(present) and delving below the surface in
order to provide care to the patient/client.
informs practice, creates learning, and
brings new meaning.
Through constant questioning, nurses can
see more clearly.
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A Thought
"The most important practical lesson that
can be given to nurses is to teach themwhat to observe..."
(Florence Nightingale, 1859)
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Thank you
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Definition
Effective communication
Purposeful and goal orientated
Creating
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Goals ofTherapeutic Communication
To obtain or provide informationTo develop trust
To show caring
To explore feelings
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Components ofTherapeutic CommunicationEmpathy
Positive regard
Positive sense of
self