common injuries in javelin
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Javelin Background Information
Event in Track and FieldWeight of the javelin
Men’s = 800g, Female’s = 600gNo “unorthodox” techniques are permitted.Use a runway with a foul lineTip of the javelin must strike the ground
firstBenefit from the agility and athleticism
typically associated with running and jumping events, also require considerable core and upper body strength. References; 1,10
Javelin History
On April 1st, 1986 the men’s javelin was redesigned so that the centre of gravity was moved forward
Same changes were made to the women’s javelin in 1999
Records Male – 98.48m Zan Železný (Czech Republic) Click here to view the Male World Record Throw
Female – 72.28m Barbora Špotáková (Czech Republic) Click here to view the Female World Record ThrowReferences; 10
Injuries An athlete becomes vulnerable to injury
without: Proper strength and conditioning training Good flexibility and joint range of motion Correct technique
Three main injuries: Elbow Shoulder Back
References; 1
Elbow Most common elbow injury:
Medial epicondylitis or “thrower’s elbow”
It is an overuse injury resulting from recurrent minor strains of the ligament
Common in junior throwers and unskilled or untrained athletes
Every javelin thrower will experience this injury at some point, no matter what their age or skill level Image: www.guardian.co.uk
References; 1,4,6,9
Elbow Imperfect technique plays a major role in elbow injuries
“Round arm” Delivered by a short, quick jerk of the arm
Treatment options: Reduce intensity and
frequency of throwing Complete rest Local anesthetic Hydrocortisone injections
Image: www.guardian.co.ukReferences; 1,4,6,9
Elbow Best way to prevent injury
Correct technique
Other elbow injures: Ulnar neuritis Tendonitis Medial collateral ligament (instability, tear
or rupture) Avulsion fracture of the epicondyle Spurs or ossicles.
Image: www.guardian.co.ukReferences; 1,4,6,9
Shoulder Anterior humeral head displacement
Occurs due to excessive external rotation of the shoulder during the throw without sufficient strength and range of motion
‘‘thrower’s paradox.” The balance between shoulder mobility and
stability
Image: sportsunlimitedblog.comReferences; 1,2,6,7,8
Shoulder Two treatment types
Non-operative (4 phases) Phase 1: reduction of pain and inflammation Phase 2: initiation of a progressive
strengthening program Phase 3: advanced strengthening Phase 4: return to competitive throwing. 10 Exercises:http
://www.worldofjavelin.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Throwers-Ten.pdf
Surgical Aimed at restoring the shoulder capsule and
surrounding musculature Image: sportsunlimitedblog.com
References; 1,2,6,7,8
Shoulder Ways to Prevent Injury
Increase shoulder strength Increase range of motion Correct technique Monitor volume of throws
Other shoulder injuries: Abnormalities of the acromioclavicular joint Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve,
(Proximal and distal) Snapping of the scapula
‘Little leaguer’s shoulder’ Image: sportsunlimitedblog.comReferences; 1,2,6,7,8
Back Muscle strains
Occur in the erector spinae Caused from a sudden violent
exertion Best treatment is rest
Spondylolysis ‘wear and tear’
Spondylolithesis Fatigue fracture that causes anterior sliding of the
vertebra Caused by alternating flexion, extension of the
lumbar area Range of treatment options (rest, physio, pain killers,
cortisone, back brace)Image: karapatterson.blogspot.com
References; 1,3,5
Back A high proportion of back
injuries occur in training, especially weights training
Lack of technique, supervision, and the need to push physical limits
Ways to prevent injury: Correct throwing technique Increase core strength Correct weights training Athlete supervision
Image: karapatterson.blogspot.comReferences; 1,3,5
Summary There are key factors that can be
applied to help prevent elbow, shoulder and back injuries associated with javelin
4 key factors Correct technique Strength and Conditioning Flexibility and joint range of motion Athlete supervision
Reference List 1. Bird SR, Black N, Newton P. Sports Injuries: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention.
Injuries in Individual Sports and Racquet Sports, Great Britain: Ashford Press; 1997. P. 200
2. Braun S, Kokmeyer D, Millett PJ. Shoulder Injuries in the Throwing Athlete. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Apr 2; 91: 966-978. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.01341
3. Calhoon G, Fry AC. Injury Rates and Profiles of Elite Competitive Weightlifters. J Athl Training. 1999; 34(3): 232-238.
4. Ciccotti MC, Schwartz MA, Ciccotti MG. Diagnosis and Treatment of Medial Epicondylitis of the Elbow. Clin Sports Med. 2004; 23: 693-705. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2004.04.011
5. Davies JE, The Spine in Sport – Injuries, Prevention and Treatment. Br J Sports Med. 1980; 14: 18-20
6. Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of Overhand Throwing with Implications for Injuries. Sport Med. 1996 Jun; 21(6): 4221-437.
7. Harrington L. Glenohumeral joint: internal and external rotation range of motion in javelin throwers. Br J Sports Med. 1998 Apr 1; 32: 226-228.
8. Meister K. Injuries to the Shoulder in the Throwing Athlete, Part Two: Evaluation/Treatment. Am J Sport Med. 2000; 28(4): 587-600.
9. Miller JE. Javelin Thrower’s Elbow. J Bone Joint Surg. 1960 Nov; 42B(4): 788-792
10. Nemeth Javelins [Internet. Budakeszi, Hungary; 2010 [cited 20 April 2013]. Available from:http://www.nemethjavelins.hu/home