common health of preschoolers
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESCHOOLERS
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The mortality of children during the preschoolyears is low and becoming lower every year as
more infectious diseases are preventable.
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Major Causes of DEATH
Automobile Accidents Poisoning
Falls
MINOR ILLNESES
Colds
Ear Infections Flu symptoms
Vomiting
Diarrhea
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Room is quiet with no distractions Do not shine a spotlight on the chart
Measure the distance It needs occluder No cheating
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LEA CHART
10 feet 20/100 to
20/15 3 out of 5
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HVOT Chart
10 feet 20/200 to
20/20 5 out of 6
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TUMBLING EChart
10 feet 20/100 to
20/30 5 out of 6
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SNELLEN
Chart
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AMBLYOPIA
lazyeye
subnormal
vision in one
eye orchildren are
using only
one eye forvision while
resting the
other eye.
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All school children should be screened foramblyopia by vision testing with a preschool
E chart. The child with amblyopia will have 20/50
vision (normal for preschool age) in one eye. The other eye will show lessened vision
(perhaps 20/100).
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Amblyopia is correctible if treated during the preschoolperiod.
The good eye is covered with patch held firmly in place. This forces the child to use the poor eye to develop vision
in that eye. Generally, the child has some difficulty initially adjusting
to the patch and being unable to see well from theunpatched eye, possibly develops headaches anddizziness.
The patch is removed for 1 hour/day to prevent amblyopiafrom developing in the non-amblyopic eye. Administration of levodopa Atropine to produce pupil dilatation
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STRABISMUS
unequally aligned eyes
(cross-eye)
normally, the resting
position of the eye is
straight
in strabismus, theresting position may be
divergent (turned out)
or convergent (turned
in). One pupil may be
higher than the other
(vertical strabismus). May be monocular, in
which the same eye
deviates constantly. Or
may be alternating
strabismus, in which one
eye deviates first, thenthe other.
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infants eyes may cross occasionally until 6
weeks of age
constant strabismus before 6 weeks of ageneed referral right away Deviations could be:
Exotropia eye turning out
Esotropia eye turning in
Hypertropia eye turning up
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depends on the cause of the problem if the fusion mechanism is weak, eye exercises
(orthoptics) may be necessary
If eyes are diverging problem with convergencebecause of the nearsightedness orfarsightedness, the child needs glasses tocorrect the basic visual defect
if the misalignment is caused by unequal musclestrength, eye-muscle surgery is necessary
antibiotic ointment is applied 2-3 days postoperatively
ASSESSMENT
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RETINOBLASTOMA
ASSESSMENT
occurs from 6 weeks of
age through the
preschool period
located on the retina or
in the vitreous fluid orextend backward into
the choroids, the optic
nerve and the
subarachnoid space
pupil appears white
the child will developstrabismus as the eye
becomes non-functional
this tumor metastasizes
along the course of the
optic nerve to the
subarachnoid space tothe brain; it quickly
involves the second eye.
metastasis to distant
body sites occurs
because of the rich
blood supply to thebrain
malignant tumor of the retina of the eye
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Cryosurgery freezing the tumor to destroy the local cells photo coagulation through laser surgery to destroy the blood
vessels supplying the tumor radiation
chemotherapy nitrogen mustard, vincristine, andcyclophosphamide
if the tumor is large, enucleation is necessary. observe for bleeding on the dressing and monitor vital signs
frequently. restrain the child to keep him from tugging at the dressing and
removing it dressing is removed after 48 hours and small patch is applied irrigation with NSS or application of antibiotic ointment eye prosthesis is fitted 3 weeks after surgery
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RED EYE(CONJUNCTIVITIS)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Bacterial conjunctivitis is
characterized by:
o
purulent dischargethat causes the
eyelids to stick
together in the
morning
o Injected conjunctiva
o minimal pain and
short duration (1 to 3
days
o Vision may be slightly
blurred due to exudate
Viral conjunctivitis ischaracterized by:
o longer duration (14 to
21 days)
o excessive tearing and
minimal discharge
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Bacterial conjunctivitis is very contagious.Instruct patients to wash their hands
frequently, especially after applying eyemedication. Instruct patient to keep the hands away from
the eyes. Keep the child home from school for 2 to 3
days after starting medication.
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STY
Also known as
hordeolum
staphylococcal
infection of the
sebaceousglands of the
eyelids
SIGNS ANDSYMPTOMS
area of
infection is
usually red and
tender
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TREATMENT Application of hot
soaks to the eye at
least 4 times a day isindicated. If no reliefoccurs in 48 to 72
hours, incision and
drainage may benecessary.
HEALTH TEACHING Instruct patients to
keep their hands away
from their eyes. Keep the eye area
clean.
Hot soaks are a very
effective treatment ifdone 4 times a day.