commercializing new engine...
TRANSCRIPT
Commercializing New Engine
Technologies
Chris Atkinson, Sc.D., Fellow ASME, Fellow SAE
What is ARPA-E?
The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) is
an agency within the U.S. Department of Energy that:
‣Provides Research and Development funding for high-risk,
high-reward, transformational ideas
‣Focuses on technologies that could fundamentally change
the way we get, use and store energy
‣Accelerates energy innovations that will create a more
secure, affordable, and sustainable American energy
future
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2007 2009 2018
Rising Above the Gathering Storm Published - warning policymakers that U.S. advantages in science and technology had begun to erode
America COMPETES Act Signed –authorizing the creation of ARPA-E
American Recovery & Reinvestment Act Signed – Providing ARPA-E its first appropriations of $400 million, which funded ARPA-E's first projects
660+ Awards
47 Programs
Current Funding:
$353M
(FY18)
In 2007, The National Academies recommended Congress establish an Advanced Research
Projects Agency within the U.S. Department of Energy to fund advanced energy R&D.
History of ARPA-E
What Problems are We Trying to Solve?
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Resilient energy
infrastructure
for the 21st
century
Affordable,
sustainable
energy
for all
U.S. economic
development
American
leadership in
science and
technology
ARPA-E Mission
Mission: To overcome long-term and high-risk technological barriers in the
development of energy technologies
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REDUCE
IMPORTS
IMPROVE
EFFICIENCYREDUCE
EMISSIONS
Ensure U.S. Technological Lead &
U.S. Economic and Energy Security
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What Makes an ARPA-E Project?
‣ Translates science into breakthrough technology
‣ Not researched or funded elsewhere
‣ Catalyzes new interest and investment
‣ High impact on ARPA-E mission areas
‣ Credible path to market
‣ Large commercial application
‣ Challenges what is possible
‣ Disrupts existing learning curves
‣ Leaps beyond today’s technologies
‣ Comprised of best-in-class people
‣ Cross-disciplinary skill sets
‣ Translation oriented
IMPACT
TRANSFORM
BRIDGE
TEAM
Technology Acceleration Model
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$10M
$100M
Research
PrototypeDemonstration
Inve
stm
en
t
TimeConcept
$1M
ARPA-E
Other Investors
ARPA-E Creates a “Mountain of Opportunity” for energy technology
If it works…
will it matter?
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Tech To Market Approach
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SCOPE MANAGE ADVISE PARTNERSHIPS
Provide strategic
market insights
necessary to
create innovative,
commercially
relevant programs
Manage project
teams’ T2M efforts
through T2M plans
and jointly developed
milestones
Support project
teams with skills &
knowledge to align
technology with
market needs
Engage third-party
investors and
partners to support
technology
development towards
the market
EFFICIENCY
METALS
ARID
ADEPTREACT
GENIGRIDS
HEATS
ARPA-E Program Portfolio
ELECTRICITY
GENERATION & DELIVERY
REBELS
IMPACCTSOLAR ADEPT
RANGE
AMPED BEESTELECTROFUELS
MOVE
REMOTE
PETRO
TERRA
NEXTCAR
REFUEL
TRANSPORTATION
Ac
tive
SWITCHES
MARINER
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OPEN 2009, 2012, 2015 & 2018 Solicitations
Complement Focused Programs
Alu
mn
i
GRID DATAINTEGRATE IONICS MOSAIC
ALPHAGENSETS NODES
FOCUSCHARGES MEITNER
CIRCUITSSENSOR PNDIODES
ENLITENED SHIELD ROOTS
MONITOR DELTA
BEETIT
DAYS
TRANSNET
ARPA-E Impact Indicators
11As of February 2018
ARPA-E’s Recent Investments in Engine
Technologies
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GENSETS: GENerators for Small Electrical and Thermal Systems
13Improve Efficiency Reduce Emissions Reduce Imports
> +25% – 200 million tons
• 1 kW electricity system
• 40% electrical efficiency
• 10 year durability/life
• $ 3,000 system cost
Technologies to enable
widespread deployment of
CHP systems for residential
& commercial sectors
• Save energy (~ 5 quads)
• Save $ (~ 4-5 year payback)
• Reduce CO2 by 200 million tons
• Reduce fresh H2O withdrawal
(~8% of US total)
• Increase power reliability
• $240 billion business opportunity
GENSETS Portfolio Summary: Technology areas
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Single-Cylinder Two-Stroke
Free-Piston Internal Combustion
Generator
Spark-Assisted HCCI Residential
Generator
Oscillating Linear Engine and
Alternator
Advanced Lean Burn Micro-CHP
Genset
High Efficiency Split-Cycle Engine
for Residential Generators A High Efficiency SACI 1 kW Generator System
with Integrated Waste Energy Recovery
1kW Recuperated Brayton-Cycle
Engine Using Positive-Displacement
ComponentsAdvanced Microturbine Engine
for Residential CHP
Sustainable Economic mCHP
Stirling (SEmS) Generator
Free Piston Stirling Engine Based
1kW Generator
Advanced Stirling Power
Generation System for Combined
Heat and Power
Free Piston Stirling engines Free Piston ICEs
Brayton and ORC engines
Slider-Crank ICEs
Advanced Lean Burn Micro-CHP GENSET –
Mahle Powertrain
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Spark-Assisted HCCI Residential CHP –
Wisconsin Engine Research Consultants, LLC
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High Efficiency Split-Cycle Engine for
Residential Generators – Tour Engine, Inc.
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Oscillating Linear Engine and Alternator – West
Virginia University
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Efficiency is measured in slider-crank engine running at a
desired speed/frequency of the free piston engine
Single-cylinder Two-Stroke Free-Piston Internal Combustion
Engine Generator – Aerodyne Research, Inc.
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Efficient Knock Suppression in Spark Ignited Engines -Cummins, Inc.
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Opposed Piston Gasoline Compression
Ignition ARPA-E DE-AR0000657 OPEN 2015 ~$9M
Program:
– Developing an opposed-piston gasoline compression
ignition engine for light duty trucks
– In partnership with Argonne National Laboratory and
Delphi Automotive
– 2.7L I3, 270hp, 650Nm
– Engine design complete early 2017
– First prototypes currently under test 2018
– 2025 CAFE compliant, Tier 3, LEV III, Euro 6
– Up to 50% efficiency improvement over
conventional gasoline engine over transient
operation
Derivative project:
– Vehicle demonstration
– NAIAS main show floor display Jan 2018
– Ride & Drive in 2018
Ford F-150
First prototype – Oct 2017
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
SALES OF LIGHT TRUCKS (%) - SUVs, PICKUP TRUCKS, VANS
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The state of the art in engines and vehicle fuel
efficiency
‣ Toyota - ~38-40% for SI engines
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The genesis of the OPGCI project
‣ DOE VTO funded Delphi and Hyundai (in 2010) to produce a
light-duty GCI engine
‣ Achates (founded 2005) has produced a number of diesel
(CI) engine prototypes for heavy-duty applications
‣ ARPA-E funded Achates (OPEN 2015) to produce a smaller
displacement OP GCI engine (with Delphi and Argonne
National Laboratory) - $9.5M + $3.5M cost share
‣ Aramco has funded some testing and demonstration of the
resulting engine
‣ More development work is needed on the base engine,
especially on the transient engine HW, SW, aftertreatment
and integration.
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The ARPA-E OPGCI Engine!
F-150 Vehicle displayed at the ARPA-E Summit
and NAIAS
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CA
FE
Co
mb
MP
GVehicle Fuel Economy Comparison (E0
Gasoline)
OPGCI Alpha
OPGCI Beta/Gamma
5.0L
V8 SI
3.5L
V6 DI
2.7L
V6 DI+28%
+60%
2017 Ford F150**
* *Adjusted from 2009 Nissan Titan results to compensate for vehicle weight reduction (5000lbs test weight),
start stop, 10 speed transmission, integrated accessories and active aero using NAS adjustment factors.
Current program target
corresponds to 37MPG
CAFE combined FE on F-150
Fuel savings
‣ The potential for fuel savings is significant!
‣ 28% fuel savings per F-150 vehicle is 220 gals/yr. (out of a
total of 789 gals/yr)
‣ Prius consumption is 288 gals/yr.
‣ The top 3 vehicles are pick-up trucks (F-150, GM Silverado
and Ram) – 2M sold per year.
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Project Summary
‣ The ARPA-E Achates project has been very successful – but
more work remains to be done
‣ The market for light-duty trucks is substantial, and their fuel
efficiency has been largely neglected (partly due to foot-
print-based fuel economy regulations)
‣ Improving the FE of F-150s by 35% has a bigger energy
reduction potential than electrifying every Prius
‣ OPGCI technology is on the road to commercialization!
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