Economic Conditions

• Population: 191 Million

• History of economic boom and

busts– Inflation and Foreign Debt

• Highest GDP (real and nominal)

in Latin America

• GNI per capita: US $3,460 (World

Bank, 2006)

• Despite past troubles regarded

as potentially very rich country

– Natural resources, industrial

and agricultural sectors

Culture

• The spoken language is

Portuguese, NOT Spanish!

• Ethnic and cultural mixing

occurred during colonial period.

• Largest Roman Catholic

population in the world. (74% of

pop= 139 Million)

• Football (soccer) is religion

• Fun fact: over half the population

is under 20 years of age.

Language Lesson

Thank You

Take Care

Welcome

Beer

Heineken Please

Good

Obrigado

Ciao

Boa Vinda

Cerveja

Heineken Por Favor

Bom

General Etiquette• Norms similar to other Latin American countries.• Collectivist society– Long term commitment to member group i.e. family, organization– Loyalty overrides other rules• High uncertainty avoidance, risk averse• In a business deal, the person is more important than the company.• Be prepared to commit long term

resources to building a workable business relationship.

More Etiquette …• Addressing Brazilians in Spanish is offensive

• The “ok” sign is offensive• Never wear the colours of the flag• Business success in Brazil= loyalty,

respect, commitment• Resent outside presence

Business Etiquette

• Face to face, oral

communication is preferred

over non direct forms i.e. email

• Brazilians (both men and

woman) pride themselves on

looking good.

• Good conversation topics:

soccer, family, and children

• Bad conversation topics:

Argentina, politics, poverty,

religion, and the Rain Forest

Economic Conditions

• Extremely Poor

– Agriculture: 40% of GDP, 85%

of exports, 80% of workforce,

but only 4% of land is

cultivatable

• Population: 35,922,000

• Exports: coffee, cotton, cashew

nuts, tea, sisal, tobacco, clove

pyrethrum and minerals

• GDP per capita: $1,100

• Aid Received: $1.505 billion

Culture

• Family Values

– Extended families

– Infant Care

• Community

• Religion

– Mainland: Evenly distributed

between Christianity, Muslin

& Indigenous

– Zanzibar: 99% Muslim

• Over 100 languages are spoken

in Tanzania

– Swahili has become the

Official tongue

– English is extremely wide

spoken

More Cultural Background

• Their are numerous stratifications– Rich and Poor– HIV-AIDS• Corruption• Gender Issues

• Health Care

Language Lesson

Hello

What’s Up

I’m Fine

Beer

Thank You

Sorry

Hujambo

Mambo

Sijambo

Bia

Asante Sana

Pole Sana

Greetings

• Extreme protocol

• Patience

• Men and Women

• Be Conscience of your

Hands

Etiquette• Eating– Religion must be kept in mind– Communal Eating– Generosity– Hands• Time

– Once again, Patience is a must• Dress

– Informality

General

• About 27.5 million people

• Largest country on Arabian

Peninsula

• Monarchy

– King Abd Al Aziz Al Saud

• Sharia law

• Mecca and Medina

– Two of Islam’s holiest cities

Economic Conditions

• World’s leading Petroleum exporter– Accounts for 75% of government income• No income tax – welfare state for citizens– Many employed by government

• Large agricultural imports– 1% of land fertile

Culture

• Many wear traditional Islamic

attire– Women must cover their

heads and bodies

• Women not allowed to drive or

ride bikes

• Large population of foreign

nationals

• No pork or alcohol

• Much film and literature is

censored

Language Lesson

HelloResponse:Thank you

You’re welcomeNoYes

I seek protection in Allah from the accursed Satan

MarhabbahMarhabbteen

ShuranAafwaan

LaNaam

Audhu billahi min ash shaytan ar rajim

Business Etiquette

• Appearance

– Never bare shoulders, legs,

stomach, esp. women

– Do not adopt native clothing

• Communications

– Do not discuss the subject of

women

– Yes often means possibly

– Allow for break in meetings

for prayer time

– Person who asks questions at

meeting likely least important

Business Etiquette• Behaviour– Remove shoes before entering building– Friday is day of rest in Arab world– Left hand is considered unclean– Men walking hand in hand is a sign of friendship– Never show the bottom of your feet– “Thumbs up” is offensive

Economic Conditions

•Population: 1,129,866,154

•Political Stability:

•Per Capita GDP of $2,700 (US)

•GDP Growth Rate of 9.4%

•Economic Reforms and

Privatization•World’s Second Largest Labor

Force

Culture• National language is Hindi• 14 official languages including English (business language)• Religion: Hinduism (83%)

• Caste system• Literacy Rate of 63.8%• Gender Differences

Language Lesson

Dhanyavaad

Apna khayal rakhna

Mai kuchh khaanaa chahta hoon

Mai apne khaane kaa anand le rahaa hoon

Thank you

Take care

I want something to eat

I am enjoying my meal

General Etiquette

• Putting your hands on your hips

is rude• Left hand is considered to be

symbolically unclean

• Touching somebody with your

feet is rude, as is pointing with

your foot

• Conversation Norms

• Spicy Food

Business Etiquette

Attire• Men: Suit and Tie• Women: Conservative

Dress or Pant Suit Keep upper arms, back, chest, and legs covered at all times!

Greetings• “Namaste” with hands in

praying position and a slight bow Handshake?

• Professional titles and last names

• Gifts• The “Seat of the Soul”• Punctuality• Presentation of business

cards

Business Etiquette

• Be prepared for a lengthy negotiating process and do not become frustrated by delays.

• Spend time establishing personal and social relationships as such are a vital prerequisite to conducting business.

• Having a local partner in India is of great assistance when dealing with the government or officialdom.

• Always be prepared for lengthy delays when dealing with the government (Bureaucracy and Red Tape)

• The word “No”

Economic

Conditions

• Population: 127,433,494

• Political Stability: Stable

• Per Capita GDP of $33,800

(US)• GDP Growth Rate of 1.9%

• Major economic power

• World’s Second Largest

Economy by Nominal GDP

Culture• National language is Japanese• Religion: Shinto and Buddhism (84%)• Literacy Rate of 99%– Gender Differences• Masculine Society• Family-oriented

Language Lesson

Hello

Thank you very much

Shall we have a drink today?

I am hungry

Yes

No

Konnichi wa

Doumo Arigatou

Kyou nomi ni iki masen ka?

Onaka ga suita

Hai

Iie

Business Etiquette

• Hand-talking is considered

distracting

• Minimal physical contact (i.e.

patting on the back, kissing

on the cheek)

– Bow

– Handshake

• More intrusive questioning

(not to be taken offensively)

• Love to drink and eat!

Business Etiquette: Attire

• Dress to impress• Conservative

– Men: dark suits– Women: plain style• Casual attire is never appropriate in a business setting

Business Etiquette

Communication

• Personal space

• Silence• Saying no• Exchanging of the business card

(Meishi)• Gift giving• Business meetings

– Confirmation

– Seating arrangement

– Notes