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Colonial Terrorism of Fear versus Guru Granth on Fear & Hatred :Final Statements of Sikh Shaheeds

(Meva Singh, Kartar Singh Saraabha, Karam Singh, Bhagat Singh and Udham Singh)

( 30 sqMbr 2012 nUM stwktn gurU-Gr ivKy kIqI jwx vwlI kwnPrMs leI prcw-gurnwm kOr (irtwierf pRoPYsr)

1. jwx-pCwx (Introduction):- Zdr lihr, ijs nuUM iek qrHW nwl Bwrq auqy ‘ibRitS rwj’ nUM ^qm krky kOmI rwj jW ieauN kih leIey ik ‘lok rwj’ sQwpq krn leI pihlI kOmI ienklwbI lihr kihxw cwhIdw hY, ’qy hux q`k bhuq kuJ iliKAw jw cukw hY, ieQoN qk ik pI.AYc.fI dy QIiss qk dI oj ho cu`kI hY[ pr hux q`k jo vI iliKAw igAw hY aus iv`c is`K ivcwrDwrw dy ipCokV ny kI Aihm rol Adw kIqw jW sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dy &ls&y dI kI BUimkw sI, ies nUM A`KoN-proKy hI krI r`iKAw hY[ pRSn kIqw jw skdw hY ik Zdr lihr nUM pihlI kOmI ienklwbI lihr ikauN kihxw cwhIdw hY jd ik ies qoN pihlW ibRitS rwj qoN inzwq pwaux leI 1857 dy Zdr dw ieiqhws swhmxy hY[ pr 1857 dw Zdr kMpnI rwj nUM ^qm krky Aw^rI muZl bwdSwh bhwdrSwh j&r nUM muV rwj-isMGwsx qy ibTwaux leI auprwlw sI jd ik Zdr lihr iek AijhI ienklwbI lihr sI ijs dw inSwnw AmrIkw dI qrz qy ie`k qrHW dw pmcwieqI kOmI rwj (Republic) sQwpq krnw sI[ jgjIq isMG ny AwpxI pusqk ‘Zdr pwrtI lihr’ iv`c iliKAw hY, “ ‘Zdr pwrtI lihr’ ihMdIAW dI sB qoN pihlI ZYr-mzhbI Aqy ZYr-jQybMd kOmI ienklwbI lihr sI, ijs ny pMcwieqI kOmI rwj (Republic) dw inSwnw sp`St rUp ivc ApxwieAw[jykr ieh kyvl ieq&wkIAw Aml huMdw, qW isvwey AMkiVAW Aqy rIkwrfW ivc idlcspI lYx vwilAW leI, ies dI Awpxy Awp ivc koeI Bwv pUrq ivSysqw nw huMdI[pr rUs ivc ikrqI rwj kwiem hox qoN pihloN, pMcwieqI rwj dy inSwny nUM hI swrI dunIAw ivc AmlI vrqoN vwlw A`gy-vDU rwjsI AwdrS smiJAw jWdw sI”,(pM.18)[ jgjIq isMG dy ies kQn qoN ies g`l dI vI pRoVqw ho jWdI hY ik Zdr pwrtI lihr dw AwZwz krn vwly rUs dI kimaUinst ivcwrDwrw qoN pRBwvq nhIN sn ijvyN ik Awm qOr qy K`by-p`KI ivdvwnW v`loN swbq krn dI koiSS huMdI rhI hY[ is`KW auqy ielzwm lwieAw jWdw hY ik auhnW ny 1857 dy Zdr iv`c AMgryzW dI mdd kIqI pr ies dI vjHw sMn 1857 dy Zdr dw inSwnw Aw^rI muZl bwdSwh nUM g`dI qy ibTwaux dw vI ho skdw hY ikauNik muZl bwdSwhW dy zulm sdkw is`K Drm muZlW nwl tkrwau ivc lgwqwr irhw sI[ies Zdr nwl pMjwbIAW nUM bhuqI hmdrdI nhIN sI ikauNik bMgwl dI &Oj ny AYNglo-is`K lVweIAW iv`c eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dI mdd kIqI sI[ srdwr jgjIq isMG dy kQn Anuswr , “sMn 1857 dy Zdr (jdoN sWJI ihMdI kOmIAq dw Aihsws qk nhIN sI, ijs krky ies nUM kOmI lihr kihxw vI pqw nhIN iks hd qk vwjb hY) ip`CoN clIAW AMgryzI rwj ivroDI ZYr-mzHbI Aqy ZYr-i&rkU inrol kOmI lihrW nwloN, ‘Zdr prtI lihr’ dy ih`sy PWsIAW Aqy aumr-kYd szwvW dw sB qoN vD CWdw AwieAw[ ieh vI ieq&wkIAw Aml nhIN[ ieh hkIkq ‘Zdr pwrtI lihr’ dI aus ienklwbI Aqy kurbwnI dI sipirt dw kyvl iek icnH hY, ijs dy mukwbly dIAW imswlW AMgryzI rwj vyly dy ieiqhws ivc jy hn qW bhuq tWvIAW[”,(pM.20) [ jgjIq isMG dy ies kQn dy nwl hI ieh kihxw vI ZYr-vwjb nhIN hovygw ik ieh CWdw sB qoN vD is`KW dy ih`sy AwieAw ikauNik auhnW dI igxqI sB qoN izAwdw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik sMn 1908 q`k qkrIbn 5000 BwrqI kYnyfw iv`c phuMc cu`ky sI ijnHW iv`c pMjwbI 99% sI Aqy pMjwbIAW iv`c 90% is`K sn[ kYnyfw Awky auhnW nUM auho ijhy hI nslI ivqkirAW dw swhmxw krnw ipAw ijho ijhw auh ihMdusqwn ivcoN krdy Awey sI[ ies leI auhnW iv`coN bhuq swry

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2 srh`d pwr krky XU.AYs.ey cly gey[ kYnyfw Aqy AmrIkw Awaux vwly ieh BwrqI mD-vrgI KyqI bwVI krn vwly Aqy mzdUrI krn vwly ipCokV iv`coN sn ijhnW ivc bhuq swry AYks-srivsmYn sI[ jdoN koeI bwhrlI SkqI iksy mulk qy kbjw krdI hY Aqy ausnUM kwiem r`Kxw cwhuMdI hY, ieh kbjw BwvyN iksy iekly ivAkqI dw hovy Aqy BWvyN iksy mulk dw, qW auh auQoN dI jnqw nUM AwpxI SkqI rwhIN BY-BIq krky Awpxy leI siqkwr pYdw krn dI koiSS krdI hY[ AMgryz rwj ny vI BwrqI jnqw dy mnW iv`c fr pYdw krky Awpxw siqkwr pYdw krn dy swry auprwly kIqy ijs dIAW audwhrxW v`K v`K simAW qy spSt imldIAW hn[ iesy dw ulwsw kridAW fw. rGbIr isMG ny ‘Zdr pwrtI Aqy AkwlI lihr’ lyK iv`c iliKAw hY, “pihlI sMswr jMg iv`c brqwnvI srkwr burI qrHW PsI hoeI sI[ ies smy ihMdusqwn ivc iksy qrHW dI gVbV aus leI mwrU isD ho skdI sI[ ies leI bsqIvwdI hkUmq ny jbr dw koeI vI AYsw swDn nhIN sI C`ifAw jo ihMdusqwnIAW nUM dbwA ky r`Kx leI vrqoN ivc ilAwauxw zrUrI hovy”[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI mnu`K nUM brwbrI dy isDWq qy inrBau Aqy inrvYr hoky ijauxw isKwauNdI hY ijs iv`c smwijk inAwauN nUM pihl pRwpq hY[ pMjwb gurUAW dI vrosweI DrqI hY ijs bwry pRoPYsr pUrn isMG ny ikhw hY ik pMjwb swrw jINdw gurU dy nwm qy[ ies qrWH kYnyfw Aqy AmrIkw jwx vwly swry pMjwbIAW ivc pMjwb dI im`tI iv`c jMmy-ply hox qy Awm krky Aqy is`KW qy Kws qOr qy ies kImq isDWq dw kudrqI Asr sI, ijs ny auhnW nUM Awpxy nwl ho rhIAW vDIkIAW Aqy ZulwmI dw Aihsws krwieAw Aqy Zdr pwrtI lihr nUM jnm dyx leI pRyirAw[ienWH srokwrW dw ivSlySx krnw hI ies prcy dw mUl mksd hY[ 2.Colonial Terrorism of Fear:- ‘kMpnI rwj’ qoN Bwv hY ibRitS eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dw BwrqI aup-mhWdIp qy rwj[ ibRitS eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ieMglYNf dI kMpnI sI jo eIst ieMfIz nwl vpwr krn leI bxweI geI pr ieh Bwrq aup-mhWdIp nwl vpwr q`k mihdUd ho geI[ ies dy ih`sydwr AmIr vpwrI Aqy kulIn vrg nwl sbMDq lok sn[ srkwr dw ies iv`c koeI ih`sw nhIN sI pr srkwr dw kMpnI qy Ais`Dw kMtrol sI[ AwpxI injI &OjI SkqI nwl kMpnI ny Bwrq dy bhuq swry ih`isAW qy kbjw kr ilAw Aqy ies ny Awpxw pRbMDkI swSn SurU kr id`qw[ sMn 1757 iv`c plwsI dI lVweI qoN bwAd ieh qwkq qy kwbz ho geI Aqy 1765 ivc jdoN bMgwl dy nvwb ny AwpxI pRBuqw kMpnI nUM sONp id`qI qW bMgwl Aqy ibhwr qy kMpnI dw rwj pRBwvSwlI rUp ivc kwiem ho igAw Aqy 1858 qk kwiem irhw[ sMn1857 dy Zdr nUM mdy-nzr r`KidAW ‘gvrnmYNt AwP ieMfIAw AYkt 1858’ nwl ibRitS krwaUn ny Bwrq dw is`Dw pRbMD inaU ibRitS rwj dy rUp iv`c Awpxy h`Q iv`c lY ilAw[ pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI Cqr-CwieAw hyT bhuq smy q`k iek Azwd mulk irhw jd ik Bwrq dy bhuq swry sUby is`Dy jW Ais`Dy FMg nwl ibRitS eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ny pihlW hI hiQAw ley sn[ lwhOr sMDI 1849 muqwibk kMpnI ny pMjwb nUM vI pUrI qrHW Awpxy kbjy ivc lY ilAw[ (a) p`gVI sMBwl jtw AMdoln:- ShId Bgq isMG dw ^wndwn kMpnI rwj dI mu wlPq vjoN rwjnIqk p`K qoN bhuq cyqMn pirvwr sI ijs dw srdwr Bgq isMG qy bhuq fUMGw Asr ipAw[ srdwr Bgq isMG dy pVdwdw srdwr &iqh isMG auhnW sUrmy isKW iv`coN sI ijhVy kMpnI rwj dy pMjwb auqy hmly nUM pCwVn leI AYNglo-is`K lVweIAW ivc sUrmgqI nwl lVy[ ausdy ies ivroD kwrn hI jdoN AMgryzW ny pMjwb qy kbjw kr ilAw qW srdwr &iqh isMG dI swrI zmIn-jwiedwd vI kurk kr leI[ jdoN 1857 dw Zdr hoieAw qW AMgryzW nUM mdd dI bhuq izAwdw loV sI[ auhnW ny &iqh isMG Aqy dUsry is`K kmWfrW nUM AYlwn kIqw ik jy auh bwZIAW dy i^lwP AMgryzW dI m`dd krngy qW nw

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isrP auhnW dIAW kurk kIqIAW jwiedwdW vwps iml jwxgIAW sgoN auhnW nUM hor vI bhuq ienwm Aqy snmwn id`qw jwvyg[keIAW ny ieh pySkS pRvwn vI kr leI[ srdwr Piqh isMG ny jvwb id`qw ik DrohI bxky bdly ivc jwiedwd vwps lYx dI auhnW nUM koeI zrUrq nhIN hY[jdoN ibRitS rwj ny nvyN bsqIvwdI kwnUMn ‘kolonIzySn AYkt Aqy duAwb bwrI AYkt bxwey, cnwb dirAw qoN lwiel pur pwxI lY jwx leI nihrW k`FIAW qW pMjwb dy bwkI ijilAW iv`coN auQy jwky v`sx vwilAW nUM mu&q zmInW Alwt krn dw vwAdw kIqw igAw sI[ pr jdoN ikswnW ny Awpxy ipMfW qoN zmInW vyc ky auQy zmInW Abwd kr id`qIAW qW srkwr Awpxy vwAdy qoN mukr geI[ lwiel pur iv`c 3 mwrc 1907 nUM rwj dy i^lwP ivSwl rYlI hoeI ijs iv`c ‘JMg isAwl’ nwmI A^bwr dy sMpwdk bWky dieAwl ny Awpxw gIq ‘p`gVI sMBwl j`tw p`gVI sMBwl Eey’ pyS kIqw[ ieh gIq eynw mShUr ho igAw ik ieh ies lihr dw isMbl bx igAw Aqy mUvmYNt dw nwm hI ‘pgVI sMBwl jtw’ pY igAw Aqy srdwr AjIq isMG ny ijs qrHW ies lihr dI AgvweI kIqI, auh ies dy nwiek ho inbVy[ 18 ApRYl 1907 nUM mulqwn iv`c POjIAW dI Acwnk hoeI mIitMg iv`c qkrIbn 200 is`K POjIAW ny Bwg ilAw[ ibRitS rwj dy hukmW nUM nw mMndy hoey ros-rYlIAW kr rhy ikswnW auqy bhuq swrIAW QwvW qy POjIAW ny golI clwaux qoN ienkwr kr id`qw [ ibRitS rwj dy byihswby dmn krky gusy kwrn lwiel pur, gurdws pur, lwhOr Aqy bhuq swrIAW QwvW qy dMgy BVk pey[ pMjwb gvrnr lwrf iebtsn (Lord Ibbotson) ny vwiesrwie, lwrf hwrifMg (Lord Hardinge) nUM zrUrI tYlIgrwP rwhIN d`isAw ik AjIq isMG Aqy ausdI pwrtI dI AgvweI ivc pMjwb ivdroh dy kMFy qy hY[ ies nUM rokx leI pRbMD hoxw cwhIdw hY (Punjab is on the brick of rebellion being led by Ajit Singh and his party. Arrangements must be made to halt it.)[ ies qoN pihlW 29 Agsq 1906 nUM, viesrwie imMto ny ibRtyn iv`c ieMfIAn minstr , lwrf mYkwly (Lord Macaulay) nUM iliKAw ik hiQAwrbMd POjW iv`c bgwvq vwsqy zmIn iqAwr ho rhI hY[POjIAW ivc Kws iksm dw swihq vMifAw jw irhw hY Aqy ies iv`c koeI S`k nhIN ik ies dw nqIjw bZwvq iv`c inklygw, “ground is being prepared for a rebellion in the armed forces.Literature of certain kind is being distributed among the soldiers and this will no doubt result in a rebellion.”[ 4 meI 1907 nUM lwlw lwjpq rwey Aqy AjIq isMG dy vrMt k`Fy gey[ 2 jUn nUM lwlw lwjpq rwey Aqy AjIq isMG nUM jlwvqn krky brHmw dI mWfly jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw[ieh auhI jylH sI ijs ivc 1857 dy Zdr qoN bwAd mugl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh zPr nUM r`iKAw igAw sI Aqy aus dy ipCoN bwbw rwm isMG nwmDwrI, kUkw bZwvq dy nyqw nUM ByijAw igAw sI (ivkIpIfIAw, PrI iensweIklopIfIAw-suKdrSn mtU)[ “Lord Minto and Indian nationalist movement 1905-1910 by Syed Razi Wasti 1964, Clarendon Press Oxford page, 100) iv`c AjIq isMG Aqy lwlw lwjpq rwey dI jlwvqnI qy iliKAw hY, “Minto was not very fond of policy of deportation and repressing, but could not see no alternative, as he wrote to Lord Roberts, who wrote, ‘Morley was willing to support you in any repressive measures you may think necessary to take. Lord Roberts further informed Minto that ‘’I told Morley that we govern India by respect based on Fear, remove the fear and the respect will soon disappear’(Reference Lord Roberts to Minto, 17th May 1907.M.C.). (A) kUkw lihr:- mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj dy ifg jwx qoN bwAd Kwlsy dI purwxI Swn nUM bhwl

krn leI keI koiSSW kIqIAW geIAW[keI lihrW is`K Drm iv`c suDwr ilAwaux leI SurU hoeIAW ijnHW iv`c sB qoN pihlI kUkw lihr sI jo bwbw rwm isMG nwmDwrI ny AYNglo-is`K lVweI qON bwAd SurU kIqI[ auh ^wlsw POj ivc ispwhI sI[ Awpxy QoVy ijhy Arsy ivc kUkw lihr ny ibRitS rwj dy i^lw& iqMn vwr ivdroh kIqw[pihlw auprwlw sMn 1869 iv`c kIqw igAw jdoN i&roj pur Aqy srsw nwl sbMDq kUikAW ny ifptI ieMspYktr dIvwn b^S Aqy ausdy ispwhI sUby

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isMG nUM zKmI kr id`qw Aqy auhnW dy hiQAwr Koh ley[ dUsrI Gtnw audoN vwprI jdoN ibRitS rwj ny is`KW nUM auhnW dy Dwrimk sQwnW dI bypqI rwhIN llkwirAw[ kUikAW ny jUn 1871 iv`c AMimRqsr, rwiekot dy bucVKwinAW qy hmlw kIqw[ auhnW ny bucVW dw kql krky gaUAW CufweIAW[ ies kys iv`c cwr kUikAW nUM sqMbr 1871 nUM rwmbwg iv`c bohV dy dr`Kq nwl tMg ky Pwhy lwieAw igAw Aqy keI hornw nUM lMbI kYd dI sjw suxweI geI[ jnvrI 1872 iv`c bwbw rwm isMG dy rokx dy bwvjUd ie`k gru`p ny mlyrkotly dy bu`cVW qy hmlw krn dw PYslw kIqw[ies kys iv`c 68 kUikAW nUM bMdI bxwieAw igAw ijnHW ivcoN 66 nUM qopW nwl bMnH ky auVw id`qw[16 hor kUikAW nUM qopW nwl auVwieAw igAw Aqy cwr nUM kYd dI sjw id`qI[ bwbw rwm isMG Aqy aus dy igAwrW SrDwlUAW nUM jlwHvqn krky rMgUn Byj id`qw igAw[ bwbw rwm isMG dI mOq 1885 ivc rMgUn iv`c hI ho geI[ ies qoN hI pqw lgdw hY ik iks qrHW ibRitS rwj ny ihMdusqwnI jnqw nUM hr qrHW nwl frwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ (Historical Sikh Events, Namdhari (Kuka) Movement-Gateway to—www.allabout Sikhs.com/)

(e) jilHAW vwlw bwZ dI Gtnw:- pihlI sMswr jMg qoN bwAd bhuq swry lok mwry gey Aqy z^mI ho gey, mudrw dw pwswr (ienPlySn) , vDy hoey tYksW dw boJ Aqy hor AnykW smisAwvW ny ihMdusqwn dI jnqw qy byh`d Asr pwieAw[Al`g Al`g grupW ny AMgryzW qoN Bwrq nUM Azwd krwaux leI Awpxy Awpxy igly-iSkvy dUr krky eykw kIqw[swry Bwrq iv`c jnqk by-cYnI bhuq burI qrHW PYl geI Kws krky muMbeI dy iml kwimAW iv`c, ijs krky 1919 iv`c rOlt kmytI bxweI geI[rOlt kmytI dw nwm AMgryz j`j isfnI rOlyt dy nwm qy ipAw[kmytI dw kMm ihMdusqwn iv`c ienklwbI lihr dy jrmn Aqy bwlSivkW nwl sbMDW dI pVqwl krnw sI, ^ws qOr qy pMjwb Aqy bMgwl iv`c[kmytI ny ifPYNs AwP ieMfIAW AYkt 1915 dy prswr dI mMg kIqI[ AYkt ny vwiesrwey dI srkwr dIAW SkqIAW bhuq vDw id`qIAW, ijs iv`c pRYs nUM cup krw dyxw, rwjnIqk qOr qy srgrm lokW nUM ibnW muk`dmy qoN nzrbMd krnw,iksy vI ivAkqI nUM ivdroh dy Sk qy ibnw vrMtW dy igRPqwr krnw. ies AYkt ny lokw dy gusy nUM bhuq BVkw id`qw[ AMimRqsr iv`c jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc 15000 lok ie`k`Ty hoey[ Agly ku`J idnW iv`c hwlwq bhuq hI ^rwb ho gey[ikhw jWdw hY ik mweIkl Efvwier dw ivSvws sI ik ieh meI dy Aws-pws hox vwlI bgwvq vrgI swjS dy mu`Fly Aqy BYVy-Cupy hoey swjs dy icMnH hn, jdoN grm mOsm kwrn AMgryz sYnw phwVW iv`c clI jWdI hY[AMimRqsr kqlwm, ies qoN ip`CoN Aqy pihlW dI pRiqikirAw drswauNdI hY ik iek invyklI Gtnw dI QW, pMjwb Swsn v`loN AijhI swjS nUM dbwaux leI socI-smJI XojnW dw nqIjw sI (Source: Cell, John W (2000), Hailey: A Study in British Imperialism, 1872-1969, Cambridge University). ikhw jWdw hY ik James Houssemayne Du Boulay (jymj hwausymwieny fu bwauly) ny pMjwb iv`c vD rhy qxwA-pUrn hwlwq ivc auT rhy Zdr dy fr Aqy AMimRqsr iv`c hoey kqlwm iv`c is`Dw sbMD d`isAw hY (Source: Brown, Emily (1973), (in Book Reiwes; South Asia ), The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 32, No.3 (May, 1973),pp.522-523). ApRYl 10, 1919 dy idn Bwrq dy auqr-p`CmI KyqR dy ivSwl sUby pMjwb dy Sihr AMimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr dy invws Agy bhuq v`fw ros-idKwvw sI[ieh idKwvw Bwrq dI suqMqRqw-lihr dy do mShUr nyqw siqApwl Aqy sY&udIn ikclU dI irhweI dI mMg vwsqy sI[ POjI kumk ny BIV auqy golI clw id`qI ijs nwl keI idKwvw-kwrI mwry gey[ies golI-kWf kwrn keI ihMsk GtnwvW vwpr geIAW[ ausy idn bwAd ivc , keI bYNk Aqy hor srkwrI iemwrqW ijvyN twaUn hwl Aqy rylvy stySn qy hmlw kIqw igAw Aqy AgW lweIAW geIAW[ihMsw bhuq BVk geI ijs dy nqIjy v`joN Gto-G`t pMj XUrpIn, ijhnW ivc srkwrI nOkr Aqy nwgirk Swml sn, mwry gey[ idn ivc POj v`loN keI vwr

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BIV auqy bdly ivc golI clweI geI, Aqy A`T qoN vIh lok mwry gey[ Agly do idn q`k, AMimRqsr Sihr cu`p sI,pr pMjwb dy dUjy SihrW iv`c ihMsw jwrI rhI[rylvy lweInW k`tIAW geIAW, tYlIgrwP postW qbwh kIqIAW geIAW, Aqy srkwrI iemwrqW jlw id`qIAW[ iqMn XUrpIn kql kr id`qy[ 13 ApRYl qk ibRitS srkwr ny pMjwb dy bhuqy ih`sy ivc mwrSl-lwA lwgU krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ivDwnkwrI ny nwgrk AwzwdI nUM sImq kr id`qw ijvyN iek`T krn dI AwzwdI[cwr qoN v`D bMdy iek`Ty hox qy rok lw id`qI[ (Source:Townshed, Britains Civil Wars, p137). 13 ApRYl ivswKI dy pRMprk idhwVy qy ihMdU, is`K, muslmwn hirmMdr swihb dy nyVy jilHAW vwly bwZ ivc iek`Ty ho gey[mIitMg dy im`Qy smy Swm dy 4.30 qy SurU hox dy iek GMty bwAd, ibRgyfIAr-jnrl rYignlf fwier (Reginald Dyer), 65 gorKy Aqy 25 bloc POjIAW nwl bwZ iv`c AwieAw[ auhnW iv`coN 50 kol rweIPlW sI[fwier do hiQAwrbMd kwrW ilAwieAw ijnHW iv`c mSIngnW ldIAW hoeIAW sI pr vwhn bwhr C`f id`qy ikauNik auh qMg lWGy iv`coN AMdr nhIN sI Aw skdy[ jilHAW vwlw bwZ cwry pwsy qoN GrW Aqy iemwrqW nwl iGirAw hoieAw sI Aqy ku`J bhuq hI qMg lWGy sn ijnHW iv`c bhuiqAW nUM pky qOr qy qwly lwey hoey sI[mu`K lWGw AOsqn KuHlw sI, pr aus qy PojIAW dw pihrw sI ijnHW dy ip`Cy hiQAwrbMd vwhn sn[ jnrl fwier ny BIV nUM iKMf jwx leI koeI vI cyqvnI id`qy vgYr, mu`K lWGw rok idqw[ies kwry leI ausny ip`CoN sPweI id`qI, “was not to disperse the meeting but to punish the Indians for disobedience”. (Source: Nigel Collett (2007),; The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer pp 255-58). fwier ny Awpxy &OjIAW nUM sMGxI BIV qy (ijnHW iv`c AOrqW Aqy bcy vI Swml sn) golI clwaux dw hukm id`qw[qkrIbn ds imMt qk golwbwrI cwlU rhI[ golIbMdI dw hukm audoN kIqw jdoN qkrIbn 1650 rwaUNf Krc ho gey sI Aqy brUd-is`kw qkrIbn muk igAw sI[ (Source: Same,pp 266,337). ies golI-kWf iv`c hoeIAW mOqW dI igxqI bwry JgVw hY[kqlwm dI ibRitS jWc Anuswr srkwrI igxqI 379 mOqW dI hY, jWc leI Apxwey FMg dI vI Alocnw kIqI geI[(Source: Hunter Report, p 116-117). ies dy nwl hI , pMjwb dy iek auc-isvl AiDkwrI dI kmytI v`loN kIqI ieMtrivau Anuswr Asl igxqI ikqy izAwdw sI[ (s) kwmwgwtw mwrU (bj bj Gwt):-kwmwgwtw mwrU dI Gtnw iv`c jpwn dw stImiSp (smuMdrI byVw), kwmwgwtw mwrU Swml hY, ijhVw hWg kWg qoN iSMGweI, cIn; Xokohwmw, jpwn Aqy iPr vYnkUvr, ibRitS kolMbIAw, leI sMn 1914 ivc ihMdosqwn, pMjwb dy 376 XwqRI lYky c`ilAw[356 XwqRIAW nUM kYnyfw auqrn dI AwigAw nhIN id`qI geI Aqy byVy nuM Bwrq prqx leI mzbUr kIqw[(Source: Johnston, Huge J.M., The Voyage of the Kamagata Maru: the Sikh challenge to Canada’s Colour Bar. Vancouver: University of British Colubia Press. 1989, pp. 81, 83.) iehnW XwqIRAW ivc 340 is`K, 24 muslmwn, 12 ihMdU sn jo swry hI ibRitS rwj dI prjw sn[ ieh vIhvIN sdI dy muFly ieiqhws dIAW auhnW keI GtnwvW iv`coN ie`k sI, ijs iv`c kYnyfw Aqy AmrIkw ivc isrP eySIAn mUl dy lokW dy Awvws nUM rokx leI k`Fx vwly kwnUMn Swml sI[ ies nUM kYnyfw dy kMiFAW qy lMgr su`tx dI AwigAw nhIN id`qI geI Aqy ihMdusqwn nUM vwps Byj id`qw[ kwmwgwtw mwrU 27 sqMbr nUM klk`qw phuMc igAw[bMdrgwh iv`c dwKl hox qy, ibRitS gn bot ny zhwj nUM rok ilAw, Aqy XwqRIAW qy pihrw lw id`qw[ibRitS rwj dI srkwr nUM kwmwgwtw mwrU qy nw isrP svY-iekbwlIAw kwnUMn qoVn vwly hI, sgoN rwjnIqk AMdolnkwrI nzr Awey[jdoN jhwj bj bj Gwt qy l`igAw, qW pulIs bwbw gurid`q isMG Aqy 20 jW eyny ku hornW nUM igrPqwr krn AweI jo ausnUM lIfr jwpdy sI[ ausny ivroDqw kIqI Aqy aus dy iek swQI ny pulsIey qy hmlw kr id`qw Aqy Awm h`lw-gu`lw ho igAw[ golI clweI geI ijs iv`c 19 XwqRI mwry gey[ ku`J bc ky inkl gey, pRMqU bwkIAW nUM igRPqwr krky jylH iv`c su`t id`qw jW auhnW dy ipMfW nUM Byj id`qw Aqy ipMfW iv`c pihlI

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sMswr jMg dy smy q`k nzrbMd r`iKAw[ ies Gtnw nUM bj bj Gwt dw h`lw krky jwixAw jWdw hY[ ies dw nyqw bwbw gurid`q isMG sMDU bc inklx iv`c sPl ho igAw Aqy 1922 qk luk ky irhw[ ku`J swl bwAd ausnUM igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw Aqy pMj swl dI kYd hoeI[ (s) gurU kw bwZ morcw:-mwstr qwrw isMG nUM sqMbr 1922 nUM ‘gurU kw bwZ morcw’ iv`c dubwrw igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[ jdoN srkwr ny ‘cwbIAW dw morcw’ qoN bwAd AkwlIAW nUM Apmwnq krn leI dmnkwrI kwrvweIAW SurU kr id`qIAW, ‘gurU kw bwZ’ guruduAwry dy mhMq suMdrdws ny ie`k swl cu`p rihx qoN bwAd dubwrw Awpxy purwxy qOr-qrIky SurU kr ley[ Agsq 9, sMn 1922 nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy numwieMdy, ijhnW ny gurduAwry dy nwl lgdI zmIn iv`coN lMgr vwsqy lkVW k`tIAW sI, nUM igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny hr roz pMj pMj AkwlIAW dw jQw AMimRqsr qoN ‘gurU kw bwZ’ leI Byjxw SurU kr id`qw[25 Agsq qk 200 qoN v`D AkwlI igRPqwr ho gey[hr iek jQy nUM s^q hdwieq kIqI jWdI sI ik SWq rihxw hY Aqy pulIs v`loN kIqy jwx vwlI hr s^qI Aqy D`ky nUM ibnW iksy jvwbI kwrvweI dy brdwSq krnw hY[ 26 Agsq 1922 nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy A`T mhqvpUrn nyqw, smyq mwstr qwrw isMG Aqy srdwr bhwdr mihqwb isMG dy igRPqwr kr ley gey, jdoN auh gurduAwrw ‘gurU kw bwZ’ ivKy ie`k mIitMg krn dI koiSS kr rhy sI[ isr& pulIs dw byh`d zulmwnw dmn sihx krn leI, AkwlI vlMtIArW ny 80, 100, ie`QoN qk ik 200 dI igxqI ivc jQy bxw ky AMimRqsr phuMcxW Aqy Akwl q^q qoN gurU kw bwZ qk kUc krnw zwrI r`iKAw[ AkqUbr 19 qk, igRPqwr kIqy gey AkwlIAW dI igxqI 2,450 q`k phuMc geI[ (h) jYqo dw morcw:-ies lihr dI AglI Aqy Aw^rI lVweI guAWFI irAwsq nwBw ivc lVI geI[ ies morcy dw PorI kwrn nwBw dy mhwrwjw irpudmn isMG nUM g`dIEN lwhuxw sI[ 9 julweI, 1923 dy ‘AkwlI-qy-pRdysI’ A^bwr iv`c mwstr qwrw isMG ny mhwrwjw irpudmn isMG dI rwj-SkqI Koh lYx qy bhuq hI Bwvuk lyK iliKAw, jo ies qrHW hY:- “pMQ dy ipAwirE, kI qusIN mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy srprsqW nUM nwBw dy itkw swihb dI ijMmyvwrI sWBx dI AwigAw idaugy? auTo, dIvwn lwau Aqy BwSn dyvo[ hr is`K sBw nUM ies ivswhGwq Aqy DoKy dy i^lwP AMdolnW dw qUPwn KVHw kr dyxw cwhIdw hY- Tihro nw, inrBY hovo Aqy A`gy Awau”[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI v`loN ies mwmly nUM Awpxy h`Q ivc lYx Aqy Agsq 1923 dy pihly hPqy mqw pws krn iv`c mwstr qwrw isMG swDn bixAw ik nwBw nwl hoeI vDIkI nUM drusq krn leI hr kwnUMnI Aqy SwqmeI swDn vriqAw jwvy[ mhwrwjy dI bhwlI leI Ardws krn leI AMdoln dI kVI vjoN nwBw irAwsq dy jYqo dy gurduAwry ivc AKMf pwT r`iKAw igAw[ nwBy dI puils ny gurduAwry iv`c dwKl hoky AkwlI vrkrW Aqy pwTI isMGW nUM igRPqwr kr ilAw[ies qrHW AKMfpwT iv`c ivGn pY igAw[morcw SurU kr id`qw igAw Aqy AMimRqsr qoN jQy jYqo phuMcx lg pey, ijnHW nUM jYqo phuMcx dI AwigAw nw id`qI jWdI Aqy pMhucx qy igRPqwr kr ilAw jWdw[ jiQAW dw jYqo v`l mwrc krky igRPqwrIAW dyxw zwrI irhw[Aijhy hI iek jQy qy nwBw puils ny 21 PrvrI, 1924 nUM golI clweI ijs ivc 40 is`K ShId ho gey[srkwrI qPqIS iv`c jYqo golI kWf leI puils nUM doS-mukq krwr dy id`qw igAw Aqy jQy nUM sm`isAw pYdw krn leI ijMmyvwr TihrwieAw igAw[ jQy dy mYNbrW nUM sqwieAw igAw Aqy jylH dI lMbI sjw id`qI geI[(Source: Master Tara Singh’s autobiography Meri Yaad). mwstr qwrw isMG ny ‘myrI Xwd’ nwmk AwpxI Awqm-kQw ivc ies JUTy doS Aqy jQy auqy JUTy doSW qihq muk`dmy dI inKyDI kIqI hY[aus ny ikhw hY ik, “auh golI kWf qy eynw nw-KuS nhIN hY ijMnw ausnUM srkwr dy JUTW qy APsos hY”[ 500 is`KW dy ie`k hor jQy ny, ShIdIAW pwaux dI pUrI ie`Cw lY

7

ky, AMimRqsr qoN jYqo v`l kUc kIqw[ ies vwr koeI golI nhIN clweI geI pr swry jQy nUM igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[ ieMfIAn nYSnl kWgrs dy AwgUAW ny, jo ‘nwBw kWf’ dI ies lihr nUM bVI idlcspI nwl dyK rhy sI, rsmI qOr qy swry mwmly nwl hmdrdI zwhr kIqI Aqy srkwrI kwrvweI nUM inMidAw[ jvwhrlwl nihrU, ey.tI.igfvwnI Aqy ky.snwqnm jdoN ies mksd nwl auQy gey, qW auhnW nUM irAwsq dI h`d AMdr dwKl huMidAW hI igRPqwr kr ilAw Aqy sIKW ip`Cy kr id`qw[ ies ny srkwr nUM AwpxI siQqI bwry dubwrw socx leI mjbUr kr id`qw Aqy nqIjy v`joN ausnUM nwBw Aqy pMjwb iv`c qS`dd dI nIqI iqAwgxI peI[nwBy iv`c 12 jiQAW nwl srkwr nij`T cu`kI sI pRMqU qyrHvyN nUM CUihAw q`k nhIN Aqy ies ny jYqo dy gurduAwry v`l jyqU rUp iv`c kUc kIqw[iksy rukwvt qoN vZYr dubwrw AKMf pwT kIqw igAw[(Source: Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, SIKH TWAREEKH( Sikh History in Punjabi in 5 volumes), Sikh University Press, Belgium, 2007). ibRitS rwj v`loN qS`dd rwhIN BwrqI jnqw nUM frw ky rwj leI siqkwr pYdw krky r`Kx dI nIqI nwl juVIAW AnykW GtnwvW ivcoN ieh ku`J ku muK GtnwvW, auh vI pMjwb Aqy pMjwbIAW nwl juVIAW dw sMKyp izkr hY[ fwktr rGbIr isMG ny Awpxy lyK “Zdr pwrtI Aqy AkwlI lihr” ivc iliKAw hY, “1915 ivc Zdr dI skIm dy nwkwm rihx ip`CoN nw isr& pMjwb iv`c, sgoN smu`cy dyS ivc hkUmq ny pUrI qrHW dihSq PYlw id`qI sI[….bsqIvwdI hkUmq ny jbr dw koeI vI AYsw swDn nhIN sI C`ifAw jo ihMdusqwnAW nUM dbwA ky r`Kx leI vrqoN ivc ilAwauxw zrUrI hovy”[sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dw &ls&w ikho ijhy mnu`KI ivAkiqqv Aqy smwj dI GwVq krn dI pRyrnw idMdw hY? ieh Aglw pRSn hY[ ies ivcwrDwrw ny mnu`K nUM ijQy inrBau Aqy inrvYr, mnu`KI brwbrI vwlw ivqkry-rihq smwj isrjx dI pRyrnw kIqI hY, auQy hI mnu`K nUM ies AwdrS dI pRwpqI leI zulm nwl tkr lYxI Aqy jUJxw vI isKwieAw hY BwvyN ies dI kImq ‘isr’ dy ky hI ikauN nw cukwauxI pvy[ 3.Guru Granth Sahib on Fear & Hatred:- is`K Drm iek ielhwmI Drm hY ijs dw pRkwSn gurU nwnk dyv jI dy 1499 eIsvI ivc ‘vyeIN ndI prvyS’ qoN mMinAw jWdw hY[ ies dy ivsqwr iv`c jwx dI ieQy guMjwieS nhIN hY[ BweI gurdws ny ies nUM ‘pihlw bwby pwXw bKsu dir’ ikhw hY[ is`K Drm dw ielhwm bwxI dy rUp ivc hoieAw ijs dw mwiDAm gurU joiq Aqy gurU jugiq nUM prvwn kIqw igAw hY[gurU swihbwn nuM siq dw jo AnuBv hoieAw ausnUM auhnW ny bwxI rwhIN, Sbd rwhIN prgt kIqw[ iesy leI bwxI nUM ‘Duir kI bwxI’, ‘r`bI bwxI’ pRvwn kIqw igAw hY[ is`K ielhwm dw pRkwSn bwnI gurU nwnk dyv qoN dsvyN Aqy Aw^rI srIrk gurU goibMd isMG q`k iek lgwqr Aml hY[ iesy leI swry gurU swihbwn ivc ieko rbI joiq Aqy ie`ko gurU jugiq pRvwn kIqI geI hY, “joiq Ehw jugiq swie sih kwieAw Pyir pltIAY”[(pM.966)[ pMjvyN gurU Arjn dyv jI ny pMj gurUAW dI bwxI Aqy ies dy nwl hI gurU nwnk dyv Aqy hor gurU swihbwn vloN iek`qr kIqI ihMdU vYSnv BgqW, muslmwn sUPI sMqW dI bwxI, ijnHW dI ivcwrDwrw is`K Drm dI ivcwrDwrw nwl myl KWdI sI,BtW dI bwxI nUM ‘gRMQ swihb’ dy rUp iv`c sMkln Aqy sMpwdn krky 1604 eIsvI nuM hrmMdir swihb iv`c pihlw pRkwS kIqw[ dsvyN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny nOvyN gurU qyg bhwdr dI bwxI ‘gRMQ swihb’ ivc Swml krky bkwiedw pRMprwgq ivDI Anuswr, 1708 eIsvI ivc Awpxy joqI-joiq smwaux qoN pihlW, gurg`dI sONpI Aqy ^wlsw pMQ nUM srb simAW vwsqy Sbd gurU qoN AgvweI lYx dw AwdyS kIqw[ ies qrHW is`K Drm icMqn dw mUl somw Sbd gurU sRI gurU gRMQ swihb hY[ swKIAW Anuswr ‘vyeIN ndI pRvyS’ qoN bwAd gurU nwnk swihb ny jo pihlw AYlwn nwmw kIqw, auh sI “n ko ihMdU, n muslmwn”, ijs dw ArQ hY ik mnuK nUM vMifAw nhIN jw skdw ikauNik mnu`K jgdISY AMS hY[ ies isDWq dI pRoVqw sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI qoN BlI BWq spSt ho jWdI hY[ mUl mMqr nUM is`K Drm drSx dw mUl isDWq mMinAw jWdw hY[ mUl mMqr jpujI

8

swihb iv`c sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dy ArMB iv`c <> qoN ‘guru pRswid’ q`k dI bwxI dw nwm hY[ mUl mMqr iv`c AiDAwqmvwd dy kyNdrI isDWq dw q`q k`iFAw hoieAw hY[ mUl mMqr ivc gurU nwnk dyv ny ivAkqIgq prmwqmw dI eykqw (unity) Aqy prm-siq dI AivAkqIgq AdvYdqw dw vrnx kIqw hY[ prm-siq dw ivAkqIgq suBw ijvyN krqw purK Aqy ies dw AdvYq suBw hI ies dI inXmq eykqw hY[ ieh Anykqw iv`c eykqw hY jW ieauN ikhw jw skdw hY ik bhu-rUpqw ivc smrUpqw hY ijs dw is`K AiDAwqmvwd ivc kyNdrI mh`qv irhw hY[ mUl mMqr ivc prm siq dw vrnx ies qrHw kIqw hY, “<> siq nwmu krqw purKu inrBau inrvYru Akwl mUriq AjUnI sYBM guru pRswid”] ieQy iehnW guxW dI ivAwiKAw jW ivSlySx ivc nw pYNdy hoey, ikauNik ieh ies prcy dw mu`K ivSw nhIN hY, isrP ieh kihxw cwhuMdI hW ik sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI Anuswr ijs iksm dy ieSt nUM mnu`K iDAwauNdw hY ausdw ivAkqIqv auho ijhw hI bx jwdw hY, “jYsw syvY qYso hoie”](pM.223)[ dyKxw ieh hY ik sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI ny ikho ijhw kImq isDWq id`qw hY Aqy ies kImq isDWq ny is`K dI sKSIAq dI ikho ijhI GwVq GVI hY ijs ny Zdr pwrtI lihr dy rUp iv`c aus nUM mulk dI AzwdI vwsqy pRyirAw[ (a) :- sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI iv`c smwijk brwbrI dw sMklp:- bwxI Anuswr Akwl purK ies

sMswr dw krqw purK hY Aqy ies sMswr dI rcnw aus ny Awpxy Awp qoN kIqI hY[ aus krqw purK ny nw isrP ies bRhmMf dI rcnw Awpxy Awp qoN kIqI hY blik auh joiq-srUp hoky AwpxI swrI rcnw ivc ivAwpk hY, “sB mih joiq joiq hY soie] iqs dY cwnix sB mih cwnxu hoie”](pM.13)[ swrw sMswr ausy dI joiq nwl pRkwiSq hY ies leI swry mnu`K brwbr hn[ koeI vI zwiq, jnm, nsl, vrx, Drm jW iesqRI/purS hox dy nwqy aucw jW nIvW, Cotw jW v`fw nhIN hY, sB brwbr hn[‘siq’ jW sic krqw purK dw gux hY Aqy mnu`K dy swhmxy AwdrS siq nuM AnuBv krn dw r`iKAw hY ijsnUM jpujI ivc ‘ikv sicAwrw hoeIAY’ ikhw hY[ iesy nUM gurU Amrdws ny Awpxw mUl pCwnxw ikhw hY, Awpxy sRoq dw AnuBv krn dw AwdyS kIqw hY, ijs sRoq qoN ausdw ArMB hoieAw hY, “mn qUM joiq srUpu hY Awpxw mUlu pCwxu”](pM.441)[ ies joiq srUp hox nUM pCwnxw nw isrP mnuK dw AwdrS hY, ies AiDAwqmk AnuBv dw h`k hr mnu`K nUM hY BWvyN auh ikqy vI jnimAw hY, iesqRI hY jW purS hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dy ies sMswr qy pRkwSn vyly smwijk nw-brwbrI, aUc-nIc, Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIqk ADogqI kwrn smwj dw kI hwl sI, ieh sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI Aqy BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW qoN spSt ho jWdw hY[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI ivc iqMn prmu`K eyjMsIAW dI pCwx kIqI geI hY jo mnu`K dI mnu`K rwhIN lu`t-Ksu`t, smwijk igrwvt, smwijk nw-brwbrI leI ijMmyvwr sn[ ieh eyjMsIAW sn: Dwrimk AwgU ArQwq pujwrI jmwq, rwjy Aqy auhnW dy Aihlkwr, bwhrly hmlwvr[ pujwrI jmwq (bRwhmx) smwijk drzwbMdI iv`c sB qoN aucI zwiq Aqy jmwq hox dy nwqy smwj auqy auhnW dw pRBwv Aqy pkV bhuq mzbUq sI[ Dwrimk igAwn, Dwrimk Aml Aqy krm dw AiDkwr hox dy nwqy pujwrI jmwq smwj dw sosx keI qrHw nwl kr rhI sI[gurU nwnk swihb ny Awsw dI vwr Aqy hor bwxIAW iv`c ies qrHW dIAW bhuq swrIAW audwhrxW id`qIAW hn, ijnHW ivc d`isAw hY ik bRwhmx (Dwrimk AwgU) Dwrimk pusqkW dw pwT Aqy sMiDAw dw aucwrx mihj ie`k rsm v`joN kr irhw hY[ aus dy smwDI lwaux dI, bgly dy iek tMg Bwr smwDI siQq hox dy AMdwz nwl qulnw kIqI hY jo lokW dI kIqI jwx vwlI lut-ksut v`l sMkyqk hY[(pM.470)[ pujwrI jmwq Aqy swSk jmwq v`loN ies iksm dy pKMf Aqy lokW dy soSx dI audwhrx idMdy d`isAw hY ik ie`k pwsy gaU qy bRwhmx nUM kr lwauNdy hn Aqy dUjy pwsy gaU dy gobr nUM piv`qr smJ ky aus dw pocw lwauNdy hn[ ie`k pwsy pUjw leI qyV DoqI pihnI hY, m`Qy qy itkw hY, gl ivc mwlw pihn r`KI hY pr dUjy

9

pwsy muslmwnW qoN pdwrQ lYky KWdw hY, ijhnW nUM mlyC kihMdw hY[ AMdr vV ky pUjw krdw hY Aqy dUjy pwsy qurkW (muslmwnW) nUM idKwaux leI auhnW dy Dwrimk pusqk kurwn Awid pVHdw hY[lokW dw lhU pIx vwly v`FI-Kor muslmwn hwkm nmwz pVHdy hn Aqy iehnW dy Agy auh KqRI krmcwrI hn ijhVy lokW dy gl qy CurI clwauNdy hn pr gl iv`c jnyaU pihn ky Dwrimk hox dw idKwvw krdy hn, auhnW dy Gr jwky bRwhmx pUjw krdy hn Aqy AijhI lu`t dI kmweI dy bxy pdwrQ KWdy hn[muslmwnW nUM mlyC vI kihMdy hn, auhnW qoN lYky Dwn vI KWdy hn, auhnW dw klmw pVH ky hlwl krky irMinHAw b`krw vI KWdy hn Aqy purwxW dw pwT Aqy pUjw krn dw pKMf vI krdy hn[cOkw il`p ky ryKw iK`c idMdy hn ik ies auqy iksy nhIN Awauxw, iB`itAw jwvygw[ ies qrHW Srm Aqy Drm dovyN guAwc gey hn[ rwijAW dI qulnw SINh nwl Aqy auhnW dy AihlkwrW dI qulnw ku`iqAW nwl kIqI hY ijhVy Awpxy BrwvW dw lhU pINdy hn[ gurU nwnk dy smy iv`c bwbr ny ihMdusqwn qy hmlw kIqw [ gurU nwnk ny aus dy POj lYky hmlw krn nUM ‘pwp kI jM\’ lYky Awauxw ikhw hY Aqy r`b nUM aulwmw idMidAW bwbr nUM ‘jmu kir muglu cVwieAw’(pM.360) ikhw hY, ijs dw vrqwau ihMdU qy muslmwn jnqw leI ieko ijhw zwlmwnw hY[ ies dw ArQ hY ik zwbr dw koeI Drm nhIN huMdw[[ies dw izkr kridAW d`isAw hY ik jdoN vI koeI bwhrlw DwVvI AwauNdw hY qW Awm jnqw nUM sB qoN v`D du`K J`lxy pYNdy hn[ jnqw dI AwzwdI, mwn, svYmwn Aqy jwn-mwl sB mlIAwmyt kr id`qy jWdy hn[(sRI gurU gRMQ swihb pM.722 Aqy 411)[ p`Cm qoN ArMB hoeI Drm-inrpyKvwd ie`k AijhI lihr hY ijs dw audyS nYiqk sI pr ies ivc Drm Swml nhIN sI Aqy ies dw ipCokV rwjnIqk Aqy dwrSink srokwr sn[ ies dI nINh jIvn Aqy ivhwr dw Kws isDWq dyx dy audyS nwl r`KI geI, ijs dw hW-vwck p`K nYiqk hY[pr ieh sB ku`J iksy dyvqw jW Agly jIvn dw hvwlw id`qy vgYr kIqw igAw , ies leI ies ny Drm dw kwrj inBwaux dw prsqwv, Dwrimk shwiekW qoN ibnw r`iKAw, ijs krky ieh Drm pRqI nWh-muKI hY[ies dw ArMB, rwjnIqk hwlwq krky Aqy dwrSink AsrW kwrn hoieAw[ Asl iv`c ieh lihr p`Cm ivc Drm Aqy ivigAwn dI AwpsI ivroDqw ivcoN pYdw hoeI[ ieh ie`k AijhI ivcwrDwrw hY ijs iv`c smwj dy jIvn nUM ivvsQq krn vwlIAW sMsQwvW pUrn qOr qy Dwrimk ivSvwS dIAW ivroDI hn[ jd ik ihMdusqwn dy bhu-Dwrimk hwlwq Anuswr, Drm-inrpyKqw dw ArQ Prk hY[ ies dw ArQ Drm dw nw-hoxw nhIN hY pRMqU Aijhw rwjnIqk Aqy smwijk pRbMD hY ijQy iksy iek Drm nUM dUsirAW dy mukwbly qrjIh nhIN, styt v`loN sB nUM brwbr dw mwx dyxw[ jy grIk nYiqk SwsqR nUM GoiKAw jwvy qW inAwauN iek gux hY jo dUsirAW nwl smwijk irSqy qy lwgU huMdw hY, ikauNik ieh dUsirAW dy ih`qW nuM auicAwauNdw hY, BWvyN auh rwjw hovy Aqy BWvyN Awm SihrI[ ‘inAwauN’ dy do ArQ kIqy jWdy hn, kwnUMnn Aqy inrp`Kqw[ kwnUMn swry BweIcwry dy ihq iv`c sB qy ieko ijhw lwgU huMdw hY[ inrp`Kqw qoN Bwv hY hr SihrI nUM ausdw bxdw hk dyxw[sRI gurU gRMQ swihb Anuswr swry mnu`K aus ie`k Akwl purK ny isrjy hn Aqy auh hr iek ivc ie`k-rs ivAwpk hY[ ies leI aus dI ikrpw hr iek qy huMdI hY[ ausdI ikrpw dw pwqr hox leI Drm, jwq, vrx, jnm, Aqy iesqRI-purS hox dw koeI Byd-Bwv nhIN hY[ jnm, zwq, nsl, Drm krky koeI aucw jW nIvW nhIN hY[ prmwqmw dI ingwh iv`c sB brwbr hn[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI ivc mnu`K dIAw do hI kotIAW pRvwn kIqIAW hn: gurmuiK Aqy mnmuiK[ hor koeI kotI pRvwn nhIN kIqI geI[ jo gurU dy dsy rsqy auqy cldy hn, auh gurmuiK hn Aqy jo Awpxy mn dI miq Anuswr cldy hn, auh mnmuiK hn[ mn kwm, kRoD, loB, moh Aqy AhMkwr Awid ibrqIAW dy ADIn hox krky mnu`K nUM ausdy rsqy qoN ivclq kr skdw hY pr gurmuiK gurU dy dsy rsqy qy

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cldw hoieAw iehnW ibrqIAW nUM kwbU iv`c r`Kdw hY[ ies leI kudrqI hY ik gurmuiK prmwqmw dI ikrpw dw pwqr bx jWdw hY Aqy AwpxI mMjl qy phuMc jWdw hY[ smwijk brwbrI qoN ibnw inAwauN ArQhIx hY[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI vrx-vMf nUM nkwrdI hY jo ik smwijk nw-brwbrI dw kwrn hY[ smwijk brwbrI smwijk irSiqAW nUM inrDwrq krdI hY[Bgq kbIr Anuswr ijs qrHW GuimAwr ie`ko imtI qoN v`KrI v`KrI Skl Aqy Awkwr dy BWfy bxwauNdw hY, iesy qrHW isrjxhwr ny ie`ko iksm dy q`qW qoN v`Kry v`Kry mnuK GVy hn[ ies ivc nw imtI dw doS hY Aqy nw hI isrjxhwr dw[ ieh swrw sMswr aus iek nUr qoN pYdw hoieAw Aqy auh sB iv`c aus dw nUr sB ivc ivAwpk hY[(pM.1349-50, “Avil Alh nUru aupwieAw kudriq ky sB bMdy”)[ ies isDWq dI pRoVqw bwbw &rId dI bwxI qoN vI ho jWdI hY ik ies ^lkq nuM bxwaux vwlw prmwqmw Awp swrI ^lkq iv`c mOjUd hY Aqy ^lkq prmwqmw ivc v`s rhI hY[ jdoN ikqy vI aus qoN ibnw hor koeI nhIN qW iPr iks nUM mwVw jW mMdw ikhw jw skdw hY[ gurU Arjn dyv ies AnuBv leI is`K nUM gurU dI sMgiq, siqsMgq krn dw AwdyS krdy ikauNik siqsMgq iv`c Awky mnu`K dy AMdrON dUsirAW nwl qyr-myr dy Bwv Kqm ho jWdy hn[ ausnUM dUsirAW ivc koeI vYrI jW ibgwnw nzr nhIN AwauNdw Swry Awpxy jwpdy hn Aqy sB nwl ipAwr dw irSqw bxdw hY[ausnMU prmwqmw dy kIqy nUM Blw krky mMnx dI Akl AwauNdI hY[swD-sMgiq iv`c mnu`K nUM ies g`l dI soJI AwauNdI hY ik hr iek iv`c auh prmwqmw vsdw hY[ aus dI ivAwpkqw nUM mMnxw hI smwijk brwbrI dw ADwr hY(pM.1299)[ smwijk brwbrI nwl hI smwijk inAwauN juiVAw hoieAw hY[ is`K nYiqk SwsqR dy ie`k ivdvwn Anuswr inAwauN dw gux do g`lW iv`c inhq hY: dUsirAW dy AiDkwrW dw siqkwr krnw Aqy dUsirAW dw soSx nw krnw[(Source:Dr. Avtar Singh, Ethics of The Sikhs, Punjabi University Patiala, p99). dUsirAW dy AiDkwrW dI g`l kridAW gurU nwnk swihb ny ikhw hY ik iksy dUsry dw AiDkwr Kohxw ausy qrHW burw hY ijvyN muslmwn vwsqy sUr Aqy ihMdU vwsqy gaU dw mws[(pM.18)[ ieh dovyN g`lW sUr dw mws Aqy gaU dw mws muslmwn Aqy ihMdU BweIcwirAW iv`c ivvrjq hn Aqy bVw v`fw gunwh mMny jWdy hn[iesy qrHW dUsirAW dw h`k Kohxw vI eyfw hI v`fw gunwh hY Aqy nYiqk ADwr qy ivvrjq hY[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c pRsquq Drm-inrpyKvwd dw mwfl nw qy Drm qoN invyklw hY Aqy nw hI Drm dy ivroD ivc hY[ ieh Drm dy p`K ivc vI hY Aqy Drm nUM simlq vI krdw hY[ pr ieh Drm isr& Aqy isrP prmwqmw pRqI pRym hY jo srIAW Dwrimk h`dbMdIAW qoN pwr lMG jWdw hY[ ies dI audwhrx gurU Amrdws dI rcnw vfhMs kI vwr iv`coN id`qI jw skdI hY[ ieQy d`isAw hY ik prmwqmw Awpxy BgqW qy Awp KuS huMdw hY Aqy Awpxy nwl joV lYNdw hY[ auh Awpxy BgqW dy isr qy CqR Julwky auhnW nUM Awp hI pwiqSwhI b^Sdw hY[ siqgurU dI d`sI kwr kmwky auh sdw suKI rihMdy hn[ rwjy auh nhIN khy jWdy ijhVy Awps iv`c lV mrdy hn Aqy iPr jUnW iv`c pey rihMdy hn[nwm qoN ivhUxy rwjy n`k v`Fy hn Aqy kdy SoBw nhIN pwauNdy[(pM.590)[ies qrHW s`cI AiDAwqmk BgqI rwjy dw pihlw gux hY[ rwj krqw dw dUsrw zrUrI gux hY inAwauN, iensw&[ gurU nwnk vfhMs kI vwr ivc d`sdy hn ik scIAW cu`lIAW Bwv sMklp jo mnu`K nUM krny cwhIdy hn: isAwxy dw sMklp jW cu`lI hY igAwn pRwpq krnw, jogI dw sMklp hY sMjm, bRwhmx dw sMklp hY sMquStI Bwv sMqoK, igRhsqI dw dwn, rwjy dI cu`lI hY sB nUM inAwauN dyxw Aqy ivdvwn dw sMklp hY sic dw iDAwn Drnw[ pwxI nwl DoiqAW ihrdw swP nhIN huMdw[ pwxI mn`uK dI ipAws buJwaux dw kMm krdw hY[pwxI jgq dw mUl hY ArQwq pwxI jIvn dwn idMdw hY Aqy pwxI hI iPr ^qm kr idMdw hY, Kw jWdw hY[(pM.1240)[Dwrimk kpt Aqy pKMf, auh BwvyN rwj-krqw jmwq dw hI ikauN nw hovy, ausnUM sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI ivc isry qoN nkwirAw hY[

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(A) sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c Shwdq dw sMklp:- is`K Drm icMqn ivc Shwdq dy sMklp nUM smJx vwsqy is`K Drm dy ielhwm nUM GoKxw pvygw[ielhwm qoN Bwv hY aucqm siq dw pRkwSn[ ielhwm ivc prmwqmw prm-igAwn dw, Awpxy Awp dw AnuBv krwauNdw hY pr ies igAwn dy pRkwSn dy Aihd vjoN auh mnu`K pwsoN ies pRkwSn pRqI huMGwrw mMgdw hY, pUrn pRqIbDqw mMgdw hY, ijs ivc mnu`K dw swrw Awpw Swml huMdw hY[gurU nwnk swihb ny bwxI ivc ies bwry bVw spSt ieSwrw kIqw hY ik prmwqmw pRqI ieh pRiqbDqw pRym dw Kyf hY[ jy mnu`K ieh Kyfxw cwhuMdw hY, pRym dI glI ivc pYr Drnw cwhuMdw hY qW ausnMU Awpxw isr qlI qy r`K ky Awauxw pYxw hY ArQwq Awpy dw pUrn smrpx krnw pvygw[ibnW iksy ihckcwht dy Awpxw isr dyxw pvygw:- jau qau pRym Kylx kw cwau] isru Dir qlI glI myrI Awau] iequ mwrig pYru DrIjY] isru dIjY kwix n kIjY]2] (pM.1412) ies dw ArQ ieh ik prmwqmw dy pRym iv`c mnu`K nUM prmwqmw dy hukm ivc pUrn smrpx krnw pYNdw hY[ ‘isr’ hauNmY dw pRqIk hY, prmwqmw dy pRym dy rsqy qy quridAW AwpxI hauNmY dw pUrn iqAwg krnw huMdw hY[ hauNmY qMg nzrIAW hY, prmwqm-hukm ivSwl nzrIAw hY, aucI cyqnqw hY[ pRym aus Akwl purK nUM pwaux dw zrIAw hY[‘Akwl ausqiq’ iv`c vI d`isAw hY ik bgly vWg A`KW muMd ky smwDI siQq hox nwl, qIrQW qy nhwaux nwl BWvyN smuMdRW ivc ieSnwn kr ilAw jwvy, ies sB dw koeI Pwiedw nhIN hY[ sB byArQ hY[s`cI Aqy shI g`l ieh hY ik ijhVw ausnuM pRym krdw hY, auh hI aus nUM pw skdw hY[ inrBau Aqy inrvYr guxW dI pRwpqI prmwqmw dy pRym rwhIN hI sMBv hY, jo ik prmwqmw dy gux hn[ hr iksm dy BY ivcoN mOq dw BY sB qoN iBAwnk mMinAw jWdw hY[is`K Drm icMqn Anuswr prmwqmw v`loN mnu`K koloN mOq dy BY qoN auqy auTx dI qvko kIqI jWdI ijs pRiqikirAW dI auqy ielhwm dy sbMD ivc gl kIqI hY[ inrBau hox leI, hor hr qrHW dy BY qoN mukq hox leI prmwqmw dy inrml Bau, aus dy pRym ivc ijaux dI jwc AwauxI cwhIdI hY, “BY ric rhY su inrBau hoie”] (pM.223)[mOq nuM is`K Drm icMqn ivc burI jW sjw nhIN mMinAw igAw[ mOq qW prmwqm-hukm hY[jo kuJ vI pYdw huMdw hY aus ny ie`k idn Kqm hoxw hY, ieh sB prmwqmw dy hukm ivc huMdw hY[ies leI mnu`K nUM sB qoN pihlW ies scweI nUM prvwn krky c`lx dI pRyrnw kIqI hY[ ijvyN pihlW g`l kIqI hY ik ieh pUrx smrpx hY, AMdroN Awpw-Bwv dw iqAwg hY[ prmwqmw dI pRwpqI leI ieh AwdyS hY[ jdoN smrpx dI Bwvnw idRV ho jWdI hY, sB ku`J Akwl purK nUM sONp id`qw igAw, iPr hor koeI mn ivc nhIN rihMdw[ gurU Arjn dyv iesy smrpx dI g`l krdy hn:- pihlw mrxu kbUil jIvx kI Cif Awis] hohu sBnw kI ryxukw qau Awau hmwrY pwis]1] (pM.1102) gurU nwnk dyv PurmwauNdy hn ik mOq nUM burw kihx dI zrUrq nhIN hY, mnu`K nUM isrP eynw pqw hoxw cwhIdw hY ik mrnw ikvyN hY[Awpxy srbSkqImwn prmwqmw dw ismrn kro ijs nwl quhwfw pMD sOKw ho jwvy Aqy qusIN ies auqy sihj nwl c`l sko[ies jIvn-rwh qy c`lidAW Pl vI imlygw Aqy prmwqmw dI hzUrI iv`c ie`zq vI imlygI[jy mnu`K nwm dI Bytw lYky jWdw hY, ArQwq ie`zq nwl jIvn ijauNdw hY qW aus dy krmW dw ihswb hox vyly vI aus nMU ie`zq imlygI[ piq syqI ijauxw Aqy piq syqI jwxw Bwv ies sMswr ivc iezq nwl ijauxw Aqy iezq lY ky ieQoN jwxw iehI AslI jIvn hY[iehI nhIN, gurU nwnk swihb kihMdy hn ik jo mnu`K smrpx vwlw jIvn

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ijauNky, kbUl ho ky mrdy hn, auh sUrmy hn Aqy auhnW dw mrnw vI slwihAw jWdw hY, auhnW nUM siqkwr imldw hY Aqy ieh sUrimAW dw hk hY:- mrxu n mMdw lokw AwKIAY jy mir jwxY AYsw koie ] syivhu swihbu sMmRQu Awpxw pMQu suhylw AwgY hoie] mrxu muxsw sUirAw hku hY jo hoie mrin prvwxo](pM.579) Bgq kbIr kihMdy hn ik ijs mrn qoN ieh sMswr frdw hY, aus mrn nwl myry mn ivc KuSI pYdw huMdI hY[ dunIAW dy ies moh v`loN mirAW hI ArQwq sMswr dw moh iqAwg ky hI auh prmwqmw imldw hY jo pUrn AnMd-srUp hY[ Bgq kbIr ies nMU sqI dI audwhrx rwhIN smJwauNdy hn[ purwqn ihMdU pRMprw Anuswr jo iesqRI Awpxy pqI dI mOq qy aus nwl icKw qy sVky mrnw cwhuMdI sI, auh h`Q iv`c sMDUr l`igAw nwrIAl lYNdI sI[ sMDUirAw hoieAw nwrIAl h`Q iv`c PV lYxw ies g`l dI inSwnI sI ik ieh iesqRI mOq qoN nhIN frdI Aqy Awpxy moey pqI nwl sVn leI iqAwr hY[ Bgq kbIr kihMdy jdoN h`Q iv`c nwrIAl PV hI ilAw iPr mrn qoN kI frnw hY[ ijs BwgW vwly mnuK nUM prmwqm-BgqI dI dwq iml geI, jdoN siq dI pRwpqI dw Aihd lY ilAw iPr Awpw-Bwv iqAwgx dw, mOq dw fr kyhw:- ijs mrny qy jgu frY myry mn AwnMdu] mrny hI qy pweIAY pUrnu prmwnMd]22](pM.1365)] kbIr AYsI hoie prI mn ko Bwvq kInu] mrny qy ikAw frpnw jb hwiQ isDaurw lIn]71](pm.1368) is`K Drm prmwqmw pRqI pUrn smprx vwlI iek jIvn-jwc hY ik mnu`K ny ies sMswr qy ikho ijhw Aqy ikvyN jIvn bqIq krnw hY[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI ijQy AiDAwqmk AnuBv dw rsqw dsdI hY auQy nwl hI jIvn dw mwrg dsdI hY ik gurU-vroswey hoky ijauxw ikvyN hY[ieh sMswr ivkwrW nwl, burweIAW nwl BirAw hoieAw hY ijs nwl mnu`K ny Xu`D krnw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb ny PurmwieAw hY ik mrxw sUrimAW dw hk hY[ piq-syqI ijaux leI mrnw pYNdw hY[ bwbw PrId kihMdy hn ik ZulwmI dw jIvn ijauxw, prwieAW v`s hoky ijauxw sB qoN burw hY[ Aijhy jIvn nwloN mOq cMgI hY[Bgq kbIr kihMdy hn ik jo mnu`K ies jgq-rUp rxBUmI ivc dlyr hoky burweI dy mukwbly ivc AV ky Klo jWdw hY ik hux smw hY lVn dw,auh AslI sUrmw hY[jdoN inSwny qy cot pYNdI hY, DONsw v`jdw hY qW ausdy AMdr jUJx dI DUh pYNdI hY[auh mnu`K sUrmw hY jo ZrIbW dI ^wqr, dIn-duKI dI ^wqr lVdw hY[auh purjw purjw k`t ky mr jWdw hY pr lVweI dw mYdwn nhIN C`fdw[ Awpxy jwn bcwaux leI ZrIb dI PVI bWh nhiN C`fdw:- ggn dmwmw bwijE pirE nIswnY Gwau] Kyqu ju mwifE sUrmw Ab jUJn ko dwau]1] sUrw so pihcwnIAY ju lrY dIn ky hyq] purjw purjw kit mrY kbhU n CwfY Kyqu[2]2](pM.1105) aupr kIqI ivcwr crcw qoN jo nukqy aujwgr huMdy hn, auh ies qrHW hn: 1.pihlw nukqw ieh hY ik prmwqmw nUM pwaux leI ausdw pRym muFlw inXm hY[ aus krqw purK dy pRym qoN hI ausdI rcnw Bwv isRStI vwsqy, mnu`Kqw vwsqy pRym pYdw huMdw hY[aus qk phuMcx dw rsqw pRym dw rsqw hY ijvyN ik bwxI iv`c d`isAw hY[ ies pRym dy rsqy dw pWDI hox krky hI is`K rojwnw Ardws ivc ‘cVHdI klw Aqy srb`q dw Blw’ leI jodVI krdw hY[ 2.dUsrw nukqw ieh swhmxy AwauNdw hY ik’pRym dw mwrg’ pUrn smrpx dw mwrg hY[ ies rwh qy c`lx vwly nUM isr qlI qy r`K ky Awaux dw AwdyS hY[ieh pUrw Aihd hY, iekrwrnwmw hY ijs iv`c

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qn, mn, ie`Cw, Dn, krm sB ku`J prmwqmw dy spurd hY, ausnUM smrpx hY[ mnu`K dw isr ausdy ‘AhM’ dw icMnH hY, ies hauN nuM p`ky qOr qy, pUrI qrHW kF dyxw hY[ies ivc iksy Brm dI jW dUeI dI guMjwieS nhIN hY[ ieh gurmuiK dw rsqw hY ijQy AwpxI ie`Cw gurU-ie`Cw ivc, prmwqm-ie`Cw iv`c ivlIn ho jwxI hY[ iesy nUM jpujI iv`c ‘hukmu rjweI clxw nwnk iliKAw nwil’ ikhw hY[ gurmuiK Awpxw jIvn gurU dw AnuswrI hoky ijauNdw hY Aqy is`K Drm ivc gurU Sbd gurU sRI gurU gRMQ swihb hY[ ieQy ivAkqI AwpxIAW swrIAW sImwvW, rukwvtW nUM pwr kr jWdw hY[ 3.qIsrw nukqw ieh hY ik mnu`K ies rsqy qy qurn leI suqMqr hY, Awzwd hY[ cox krn dI ausnUM pUrI KulH hY[aus nUM pUrw AiDkwr hY, koeI bMDn nhIN[ sgoN aus nUM pihlW hI Agwh kr id`qw hY ik pRym dw ieh mwrg Aiq kiTn hY, ijs ivc muSklW hI muSklW hn[aus dy swhmxy sMBwvnwvW vI r`K id`qIAW hn[ies ivc ‘ie`Cw’ Swml hY[jy ausnUM cMgw lgdw hY, ausnuM koeI pRyrnw imldI hY, auqSwh imldw hY Aqy aus iv`c hOslw hY qW hI auh ies rsqy qy kdm r`Kdw hY[ 4. cOQw nukqw jo ies ivcwr-crcw ivcoN nqIjy v`joN swhmxy AwauNdw jwpdw hY, auh hY ik ies iv`c ivcwr, soc Swml hY[ ijhVw rwh cox, iekrwr, pUrn smrpx nwl sbMDq hY auh AMDw-DuMd ip`Cy l`gxw( blind following) nhIN ho skdw[iesy krky bwxI iv`c “AklI swihb syvIAY AklI pweIAY mwx” dI gl kIqI hY[Akl vIcwr dw isKr hY[ ijs rsqy qy c`lx leI isr qlI qy Drnw pvy, ijs qy c`lx leI pUrn smrpx krnw pvy auh rsqw ienswn nUM sO vwr socx Aqy ivcwrn leI pRyrdw hY[ 5. AglI g`l jo ZOr krn vwlI hY Aqy sB qoN v`D mh`qvpUrn hY, ik ie`k vwr jdoN jigAwsU ies rwh qy cl ipAw, aus ny ies mwrg qy pYr Dr ilAw iPr ies qoN ivclq hox dw , ip`Cy muVn dw koeI mwzrw nhiN hY[iPr qW Bgq kbIr jI dy SbdW ivc Brm C`fky prgt hoky ncxw bxdw hY[ auh sUrmw kwhdw hY ijhVw swhmxy jMg huMdI dyK ky rx-q`qy qoN fr ky Bjy Aqy auh sqI kwhdI ijhVI mOkw Awaux qy BWfy sWBx l`g pvy[ikauNik: Ab qau jry mry isiD pweIAY lIno hwiQ sMDaurw](pM.338) jigAwsU qoN gurU v`l mUMh krky c`lx dI AwSw kIqI jWdI hY[rsqy qoN mu`K moVnw gurU qoN mUMh Pyrnw hY[ ieh qW “isr dIjY kwx n kIjY” dI siQqI hY[is`K ielhwm dw AmlI pRkwSn sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny 1699 dI ivswKI nuM ^wlsw swj ky kIqw[ is`K ielhwm dw pRkwSn ieiqhwsk GtnwvW dy rUp iv`c nhIN hoieAw pr is`K ielhwm ny ieiqhws isrijAw hY, ijs dI gvwhI swry sMswr dy swhmxy hY[ ies qrHW ies rsqy qy c`lx dw ArQ hY ie`zq nwl ijauxw, iek snmwn vwlw jIvn ijs ivc svYmwx Swml hY[ svYmwx qoN ibnw ijauxw bykwr hY[ ies rsqy qy c`lidAW isr& AwpxI AwzwdI, Awpxy svYmwx, Awpxy gOrv, siqkwr nUM hI kwiem nhIN r`Kxw sgoN dUsirAW dy mwx, snmwn, svYmwx, AwzwdI, gOrv nUM vI kwiem r`Kxw hY ies rwh qy c`lx vwly srb`q dy Bly leI, srbq dy ienswP leI lVnw hY[ieh all inclusive model hY, srb-AilMgnkwrI mwfl hY[is`K dw jIvn ies dw AmlI pRkwSn hY[ ieQy hI isK icMqn iv`c Shwdq dw sMklp rUpmwn huMdw hY[ieh BwrqI AiDAwqmk pRMprwvW dy sMDrv iv`c iblkul hI ie`k invyklw, ivl`Kx Aqy nvW sMklp hY, ikauNik is`K Drm dy pRkwSn qoN pihlW ihMdusqwn dIAW Dwrimk pRMprwvW iv`c ‘blI’ dI pRMprw imldI hY, Shwdq dI nhIN[ ‘Shwdq’ PwrsI BwSw dw Sbd hY ijs dw mUl ‘Swhd’ hY[ Shwdq dw ArQ hY s`c dw gvwh[ ShId ies dw pMjwbI rUp hY[is`K AdrS muqwbk jigAwsU qoN sc qy KVw hox dI Aws kIqI jWdI hY[Shwdq iv`c ShIdI pRwpq krn vwly dI mrzI Swml hY[ ‘blI’ nwl sbMDq vsqU mnu`K qoN lYky koeI vI vsqU, koeI jwnvr vI ho skdw hY[ ies

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iv`c ijs dI blI id`qI jwxI hY, aus dI ie`Cw Swml nhIN hY, auh blI leI cuxy jwx leI suqMqr nhIN hY[blI dI vsqU bwhrly swDn Bwv iksy dUsry v`loN id`qI jWdI hY[ieh bwhroN ToisAw hoieAw kwrj hY jd ik Shwdq bwhroN TosI nhIN jWdI[ ies ivc ivAkqI dI mrzI Swml hY[Shwdq dw rwh cuixAw hoieAw rwh hY[ ies ivc Aihd, pRym, smrpx Swml hY[ies nuM pRwpq krn dy Xog hoxw pYNdw hY[ ieh Xogqw-mUlk pRwpqI hY[ieh ikauNik sc dI gvwhI hY, s`c qoN Bwv srb-ivAwpk, aucqm siq hY, ies leI ies dw Gyrw bhuq ivSwl hY ijs ivc swrI mnu`Kqw Swml hY[ieh srb`q dy Bly leI lVweI hY[ Shwdq dy ies sMklp dw AmlI pRkwSn is`K gurU swihbwn dy Awpxy jIvn ivc hoieAw ijs dI audwhrx gurU Arjn dyv Aqy nONvyN gurU qyg bhwdr hn[is`K Drm ivc Shwdq qy v`Krw prcw iliKAw jw skdw hY ieQy ivsQwr ivc jwx dI guMjwieS nhIN hY[ (4) The Sikh Back-ground of S. Bhagat Singh’s Family:-

Awm hI ieiqhwskwrW v`loN srdwr Bgq isMG dy pirvwr nuUM AwrIAwsmwjI is`D krn dI koiSS kIqI jWdI rhI hY[ srdwr Bgq isMG dw ^wndwn ij`Qy muFoN-suFoN ienklwbI sI auQy is`KI ivc pUrn ivSvwS vwlw vI sI[ ibRitS rwj dy julmW dI khwxI dy sMDrv iv`c ‘p`gVI sMBwl j`tw lihr’ dw izkr kridAW, srdwr Bgq isMG dy cwcw mShUr ZdrI srdwr AjIq isMG ijs dy nwiek sn, srdwr Bgq isMG dy pVdwdw srdwr Piqh isMG dy AYNglo-is`K lVweIAW ivc ^wlsw Poj v`loN ih`sw lYx dI g`l kIqI sI[ies q`Q dw izkr srdwr AjIq isMG, ShId Bgq isMG dy cwcw ny AwpxI pusqk ivc kIqw hY, “One of my forefathers seeing that the foreighners after the death of Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of the Punjab, had begun the mischievious game of usurping tile lights of the people and of enslaving the inhabitants of the only leally national independent country in the continent of India i.e., the Punjab, resolved to take up arms for repelling British intruders. He joined the forces that were fighting against the British, and took valiant part in famous battles at Mudki 2, Aliwal 3, and Sabraon 4. As a result of fighting against British the Jgirs held by our family got reduced. But when some Chiefs and Rajas went to help the Britishers in 1857 against their own compatriots who were fighting a war of independence sacrificing their lives for the liberation of their countrymen from the terrible yoke of the English imperialists, Sardar Fateh Singh, my dear grand father was invited by the Majithia Sardar Surat Singh the father of late Sunder Singh He bluntly refused to take up such an abject task. He was told by S. Surat Singh that the lost Jagirs of family would be recovered or substituted by others if he accompanied him to fight against the troops.” srdwr AjIq isMG v`loN AwpxI pusqk iv`c d`sI ies Gtnw qoN pqw lgdw hY ik srdwr Piqh isMG iek scy is`K Bwv sMq-ispwhI sn ijnHW ny Bwrq aup-mhWdIp ivc ie`ko-iek suqMqr rwj (is`K rwj) nuM ZulwmI qoN bcwaux leI AYNglo-is`K lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw, AwpxI pirvwrk jwgIr kurk krvweI[ iehI nhIN ij`Qy keI srdwrW ny AwpxIAW jwgIrW vwps lYx leI 1857 dy Zdr vyly AMgryzW dy lwlc dyx qy AMgryzW dw swQ id`qw, auQy srdwr Piqh isMG ny ies nUM Awpxy lokW nwl ZdwrI smJdy hoey ies iv`c ih`sw nhIN ilAw, jwgIr vwps lYx dy lwlc iv`c vI nhIN Awey[ ies qoN aunHW dw ie`k cMgy is`K hox dw sbUq vI imldw hY[ srdwr AjIq isMG ny Awp AMimRqDwrI hox dw Aqy Awpxy puriKAW dy AMimRqDwrI is`K hox dw izkr vI AwpxI ies pusqk ivc kIqw hY[srdwr AjIq isMG Anuswr “auh

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Aqy aunHW dy v`fy Brw (srdwr ikSn isMG ShId Bgq isMG dy ipqw) bcpn ivc AnMd pur AMimRq (KMfy dI pwhul) Ckx leI gey sI[ieh holI dw mOkw sI ijs nUM is`KW dy iqauhwr dy rUp ivc holw ikhw jWdw hY[ AjIq isMG nUM bcpn dI ieh Gtnw bhuq cMgI qrHW Xwd hY jdoN aunHW nUM isMG sjwaux Aqy Amr ho jwx leI im`Tw AMimRq CkwieAw igAw, iesdy ku`J iC`ty aunHW dy ichry qy vI piv`qr krn dy icMnH v`joN mwry gey[ies rsm iv`coN jo ienswn vI guzrdw hY ausnuM ieh rsm idRV krwauNdI hY ik ausny mOq dw BY nhIN Kwxw, dUsirAW nUM dbwaux vwilAW, dUsirAW qy zulm krn vwly zwlmw Aqy D`kVW dy i^lwP lVnw hY Aqy kmzorW, ZrIbW, bzurgW, b`icAW dI r`iKAw Aqy iesqRIAW dI iezq dI r`iKAw krnI hY[ AMimRq Ckx dy smy qoN AMimRqDwrI ny mn Aqy srIr v`loN piv`qr rihxw hY[ iehI kwrn hY ik is`KW nUM ^wlsw ikhw jWdw hY Bwv SuD ikhw jWdw hY[rsm qoN bwAd ijhVy bwhroN qW ^wlsw srUp r`Kdy hn pr AMdroN kptI hn auh pMQ Aqy AMimRq vrgy piv`qr kwrj leI bdnwmI K`tdy hn[ ieh gurU vloN is`iKAw id`qI geI hY[ holy dy iqauhwr qy Swml hox vwly sB dy k`piVAW Aqy ichry qy lwl rMg pwieAw jWdw hY ijs nUM Zulwl kihMdy hn[lokW nuM nvyN kpVy pwey hoey Aqy Zulwl nwl rMgy hoey AMimRq Ckx leI AnMd pur jWdy dyKxw bhuq cMgw lgdw sI[ auhnW dy pirvwr iv`c dsvyN gurU dy smy qoN hI pirvwr dy purSW nUM AnMd pur lYky jwx dw irvwj sI, “As a kid I was taken along with my elder brother (father of Bhagat Singh) to Anandpur for the performance of the ceremony of Sikh Baptism which is called Pohal or Amrit chhakna. It was the time of Holi festival which the Sikhs, after their masculine fashion, call Hola. I remember very well the sugar water given to us as a drink for making us Singhs and immortals. A part of it was sprinkled on the faces as a sign of sanctification. This ceremony teaches the person who undergoes it not to fear death, and to fight against the oppressors, tyrants and the unjust people and to protect the weak, the poor, the old, the children and womenfolk from all sorts of molestation. From the day onward one has to be pure in body and heart. This is why the Sikhs are called Khalsa i.e. the pure. After the ceremony is performed those having out-wardly an appearance of the Khalsa but having their heats and sometime their body too full of impurities are a disgrace to the panth and to the sacred cause.[This was] preached by the Guru. On the Hola festival a red colour substance known as Gulal was thrown on the faces and clothes of people joining the festival. It appeared quite lovely to see people with new clothes., faces and bodies besmeared with red colour, going to Anandpur on a festival for the ceremony of Pohal. Our family from the time of tenth Guru always took the male members there. (5) Final Statements of Sikh Shaheeds (Mewa Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Karam Singh, Bhagat Singh and Udham Singh):-

srdwr jgjIq isMG AwpxI pusqk ‘Zdr pwrtI lihr’ iv`c ijs qrHW is`K Drm pMjwb dy lokW dI ienklwbI SkqI qy Asr-AMdwz hoieAw, bwry ilKdy hn, “is`K ienklwbI AMdoln ivc ih`sw lYx ny kyNdrI pMjwb dy ikswn dI su`qI hoeI rwjsI ienklwbI klw nUM pihlI vyr jgwieAw Aqy ieh pRgt kIqw ik auh kbwielI p`Dr qoN aucyry smwijk inSwinAW leI ikqnI kurbwnI kr skdw hY[ ies ny aus dI nw-swDI hoeI dlyrI nUM swiDAw Aqy swbq kIqw ik jd iksy ienklwbI AwdrS dI aus nUM sc-muc pkV ho jwvy, qW auh kTn qoN kTn AOkVW ivc ierwdy dI ikqnI idrVqw Aqy puKqweI ivKw skdw hY, Aqy swlw-bDI qsIhy Aqy musIbqW J`lx Aqy FihMdIAW klw

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vwly hwlwq ivcoN lMGx dy bwvjUd smJOqw kIqy bgYr iks qrHW Awpxy inSwny vl Afol qurI jw skdw hY”[(pM.53)[ iesy dlyrI dw pRgtwvw is`K gdrIAW dy ibAwnW qoN huMdw hY, jo aunHW ny smy smy id`qy[ “iek pqI ny AwpxI pqnI nUM ic`TI (jo sI. AweI. fI. dy h`Q lgI) ilKI ik ‘ …QoVI dyr nUM iek v`fw Zdr hovygw…swfy h`Q ivc qlvwr Aqy bMdUk hovygI Aqy Agy vDdy hoey AsIN mrWgy Aqy mwrWgy[ AsIN (gurU) goibMd isMG dy spuqR hW[jy ijauNdy rhy qW imlWgy…,”[(pM.215-16 Zdr pwrtI lihr, jgjIq isMG)[audwhrx leI ieQy ku`J ie`k ZdrIAW dy ibAwnW dw sMKyp dyiKAw jw skdw hY[ (a) ShId BweI myvw isMG lopoky:-BweI myvw isMG izlw AMimMRqsr dI qihsIl Ajnwlw dy ipMf

lopoky iv`c 1880 ivc jnmy sn Aqy 1906 iv`c kmweI krn dy ierwdy nwl vYnkUvr Awey sI[ srdwr sohx isMG pUnI ny ‘kYnyfw dy ZdrI joDy’ pusqk ivc BweI myvw isMG v`loN kIqy kwrjW bwry jo vyrvy id`qy hn Aqy BweI myvw isMG dy kort iv`c id`qy ibAwnW qoN auhnW dw is`K ivrsy dy auqrwiDkwrI hoxw swP pqw lgdw hY, “vYnkUvr rihMidAW myvw isMG dI ihMdusqwnI kimaUintI dy dyS Bgq DVy nwl eykqw ho geI[vYnkUvr dw pihlw guduAwrw bxwaux leI Awp ny ihMdusqwnIAW dy fyirAW ’qy jwky PMf iek`Tw kIqw[BweI myvw isMG ny 21 jun, 1908 nuM vYnkUvr dy gurduAwry ’c AMimRq CikAw[Awp Dwrimk rucIAW qy swDU suBw vwly ienswn sn[ BweI myvw isMG ivAwhy nhiIN sI hoey[ kMm qoN bwAd ieh Awpxw bhuqw smW Bjn bMdgI qy gurduAwry Awey gey dI syvw krn ivc guzwrdy”(pM.71)

vYnkUvr iemIgrySn fIpwrtmYNt dw hY`f mYlkm rIf Aqy vYnkUvr ivc ihMd srkwr dw jwsUs ivlIAm hwpiknsn knyfw Aqy AmrIkw iv`c srgrm ihMdusqwnI dyS-BgqW dy i^lwP kMm kr rhy sn[ hwpiknsn dI Sih qy bylw isMG ijAwx ny 5 sqMbr, 1914 nUM knyfw dI Zdr pwrtI dy mu`K lIfr BweI Bwg isMG iBKIivMf Aqy auhnW dy swQI BweI bdn isMG nuM golIAW mwr ky ShId kr id`qw[ hwpiknsn BweI Bwg isMG dy kwql bylw isMG isMG ijAwx dy h`k ivc vYnkUvr ivc bI.sI dI pRoivMSIAl kort ivc gvwhI dyx jw irhw sI[ 21 AkqUbr, 1914 nUM hwpiknsn kort rUm dy bwhr svyr dy 10 v`j ky 12 imMt qy kMD nwl FoA lwky vrWfy iv`c KVw sI jdoN BweI myvw isMG ny golIAW mwr ky aus nUM ^qm kr idqw[ BweI myvw isMG qy muk`dmw c`ilAw[ muk`dmy dOrwn BweI myvw isMG ny kithry iv`c KVH ky shuM cu`kI Aqy fIPYNs dy vkIl imstr vu`f v`loN pu`Cy suAwlW dy au`qr id`qy[ imstr vu`f ny mukdmy dI suxvweI dOrwn BweI myvw isMG dI stytmYNt pVH ky suxweI, auh ies qrHW sI, “myrw nW myvw isMG hY[ mYN r`b qoN frn vwlw AYsw bMdw hW, jo hr roz Ardws krdw hW[ myrI zbwn ivc AYsy Sbd nhIN jo ibAwn kr skx ik vYnkUvr iv`c mYnUM ikhvy ikhVy du`K, musIbqW Aqy prySwnIAW J`lxIAW peIAW hn[…AsIN is`K guduAwry ’c Ardws krn jWdy hW, pr ienHW pwpIAW ny gurduAwry ’c golI clw ky Aqy BweI Bwg isMG hurW dw kql kr ky gurduAwry dI piv`qrqw BMg kIqI hY[ienHW pwpIAW ny do mwsUm b`icAW nUM XqIm bxwieAw hY[ duStW v`loN gurduAwry ’c kIqy ienHW kwirAW ny myry sIny ’c Ag lw id`qI hY[…ies sB kwsy leI imstr rIf Aqy imstr hwpiknsn izMmyvwr hn[ mYN Awpxy BweIcwry Aqy Awpxy Drm dI AxK Aqy iezq leI hwpiknsn dw kql kIqw hY[ mYN ieh sB kuJ brdwSq nhiIN sI kr skdw”[ stytmYNt ivc A`gy ikhw hY, “….jy ieh sB kuJ quhwfy crc iv`c hoieAw huMdw, qW qusIN eIsweIAW ny vI ies nuM brdwSq nhIN sI krnw, ikauNik Aijhw krn nwl qusIN Awpxy Awp nUM murdw kOm smJxw sI[ iksy is`K leI vI gurduAwry ’c ieh sB kuJ huMdw vyKx nwloN mr jwxw cMgw hY…..”[ ienHW aupr idqy sMKyp vyrivAW qoN spSt huMdw hY ik BweI myvw isMG iek

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AMimRqDwrI isMG sn[ aunHW ny nw isrP AMimRq CikAw hI sgoN ie`k s`cy is`K vWg ies nuM qoV inBwky kOm dI syvw kIqI[ iesy syvw ihq ShIdI pRwpq kIqI[ (A) ShId krqwr isMG srwBw:-jdoN vI Zdr lihr bwry g`l kIqI jWdI hY qW ShId krqwr isMG

srwBw dw nW muhrlIAW kqwrW ivc AwauNdw hY ijs ny bhuq hI CotI aumr iv`c Zdr lihr dy lyKy Awpxw jIvn Arpx kr id`qw[ ibRitS rwj qoN Awpxy mulk nuM Awzwd krwaux nUM aus ny Awpxy jIvn dw ieko-ie`k audyS bxw ilAw jd ik AmrIkw iv`c auh pVHn vwsqy igAw sI[ jgjIq isMG Anuswr, “sRI krqwr isMG srwBw dy fUMGy mn ivcoN svyry jwgdy swr sB qoN pihly Awp muhwry ivc Sbd inkldy ik ‘mwro PrMgI’(pM.93, Zdr pwrtI lihr)[ aus dy Aw^rI smy dy ibAwn ausdI is`KI vwlI cVHdI klw dy pRqIk hn[Zdr dy dUsry dOr ivc krqwr isMG srwBw iksy ienklwbI koloN hiQAwr KrIdx bMgwl igAw sI qW bMgwl pwrtI dy pMjwb ivc ienklwbIAW dI kpUrQlw pwrtI nwl sbMDW dw pqw lYky Awey[bMgwlI ienklwbI sRI swnXwl dw ibAwn vI ies q`Q qy rosnI pwauNdw hY ik pMjwb dy ZdrIAW dI bqOr is`K pCwx bxI hoei sI, “pMjwb dl dw iek mnu`K auQoN dy blvy dI ^br lY ky Aswfy pws AwieAw[ jd aus dy mUMhoN suixAw ik blvy vwsqy do-iqMn hzwr is`K kmr-k`sy krI iqAwr bYTy hn qW swfw Awqmw AnMd ivc Aw ky iQrkx l`g ipAw[…pihlW hI p`kI ho geI sI ik jlMDr Sihr ivc jw ky is`K muKIAW nwl mulwkwq krWgw[ aus smy nvMbr dw mhInw mu`kx vwlw sI[…luiDAwxy phuMcidAW hI vyiKAw ik myry im`qR dw isAwxU ie`k is`K muMfw AsW dI aufIk kr irhw sI[ im`qR ny myrI jwx-pCwx krweI[ ieho krqwr isMG sI”[(Zdr pwrtI lihr-pM.245)[ pihly kys ivc sRI krqwr isMG srwBw bwry iliKAw hY ik, “ibnW Sk aus dI aumr CotI hY pr inrsMdyh sB qoN vD ^rwb swzSIAW iv`coN iek hY[ auh iblkul inrdeI bdmwS hY, ijs nUM AwpxIAW kwrvweIAW auqy mwx hY, Aqy ijs nUM nw rihm ivKwieAw jw skdw hY Aqy nw ivKwieAw jwxw cwhIdw hY”[(Zdr lihr, pM.412) krqwr isMG srwBw bwry sRI sinAwl ilKdy hn, “zMzIrW ivc jkVy hoey krqwr isMG dy muKVy pur bIrqw dI AijhI SoBw JlkdI sI ik aus sUrq nUM vyK-vyK sjx duSmx sB iekdm mugD ho jWdy” (Zdr pwrtI lihr, pM.413) BweI prmwnMd (ijnHW ny ZdrIAW dIAW koiSSW nUM b`icAW dy KylH nwl qulnw id`qI Aqy ies dI bhuqI izMmyvwrI sRI krqwr isMG auqy sutI) vI sRI krqwr isMG srwBw bwry ilKdy hn ik, “pr aus dI aucI sip`rt aus dI infrqw Aqy mOq qoN byprvwhI, AYsIAW KUbIAW hn, jo aus aumr dy Cokry iv`c durl`B hn[…auh v`fy APsrW koloN mwsw vI nhIN frdw”[(Zdr pwrtI lihr, pM.413)[ krqwr isMG srwBw ny mOq dw hukm suxwey jwx qy ikhw “DMnvwd”[ PWsI dIAW koTVIAW iv`c bMd hox vyly dI hwlq dw nkSw BweI prmwnMd iK`cdy hn, “…krqwr isMG ^ws qOr auqy uSI dy rMg ivc sI Aqy AwpxI sip`rt dUsirAW iv`c Brdw[ auh kihMdw ‘swnUM jldI PWsI l`gy, qwik AsIN jldI muV jnm lYky Awpxw kMm auQoN SurU krIey ij`Qy AsIN Cf c`ly hW”[(Zdr pwrtI lihr,pM.414)[ (e) ShId b`br krm isMG dOlq pur (somw: knyfw dy gdrI XoDy- sohx isMG pUnI):-BweI krm isMG dw jnm 1880 eI. nUM izlw nvW Sihr dy ipMf dOlq pur ivc hoieAw[muFlI iv`idAw ipMf dy skUl qoN pRwpq kIqI Aqy iPr POj ivc BrqI ho gey[ A`T swl POj dI nOkrI krn qoN bwAd 1907 ivc kYnyfw Aw gey Aqy Awpxy Brw hrI isMG nwl vYnkUvr nyVy AYbsPorf ivc rihx lgy[sMq qyjw isMG dI AgvweI Q`ly bxI ‘gurU nwnk mweIinMg AYNf tRst kMpnI’ dy BweI swihb ih`sydwr sn[ knyfw ivc isAwsI pRcwr kwrn BweI krm isMG iv`c vI dyyS nUM hiQAwrbMd Gol rwhIN Azwd krwaux dI cyqnw jwgI[ApRYl 1913 ivc Zdr

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pwrtI bxI qW Awp vI ies dy mYNbr bx gey[Zdr pwrtI dy sdy qy 1914 nuM ihMdusqwn cly gey, ij`Qy phuMcx qy igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[ Pyr ipMf iljw ky jUhbMd kr id`qy gey[ jUhbMdI dI ieh pwbMdI 1918 q`k lgI rhI[jUhbMdI Kqm hox ’qy BweI krm isMG isAwsI qOr qy iPr srgrm ho gey[ mhMq nrYxdws ny 21 PrvrI 1921 nUM nnkwxw swihb iv`Ky sO qoN auqy is`K ShId kr id`qy, ijs kwrn is`KW ivc gu`sw BVk auiTAw[ BweI krm isMG ny knyfw qoN prqy Awpxy im`qr Awsw isMG BukVudI nwl nnkwxw swihb jw ky AMimRq CikAw[ hux qIkr Awp dw nW nrYx isMG sI[ AMimRq Ckx ip`CoN Awpdw nW bdl ky krm isMG r`iKAw igAw[ nnkwxw swihb qoN Aw ky Awp AkwlIAW dI clweI gurduAwrw suDwr lihr ivc srgrmI nwl ih`sw lYx l`gy[kur`pt mhMqW qoN gurduAwry Awzwd krwaux leI SWqmeI AMdoln kr rhy AkwlIAW auqy puils byqhwSw qSdd krdI, ijs nUM auh cupcwp sihx krdy[ pr ku`J AxKI Aqy joSIly is`KW ny AkwlIAW dI ies p`tVI pur cVHno nWh kr id`qI[ikSn isMG gVg`j Aqy moqw isMG pqwrw vrgy joSIly is`KW ny 1921 nUM huiSAwr pur ivc mIitMg krky hiQAwrbMd bZwvq krn leI ‘c`krvrqI’ jQw bxw ilAw[ BweI krm isMG ny Awpxy knyfw qoN prqy swQIAW nwl rlky v`Krw jQw bxw ilAw Aqy ‘b`br AkwlI’ nW dw prcw k`iFAw[ ies qoN pRBwvq ho ky ikSn isMG gVg`j ny Awpxy jQy nuM vI BweI krm isMG dy jQy nwl imlw ilAw Aqy jQy dw nW ‘b`br AkwlI’ r`iKAw Aqy iek~Ty hoky sMGrS SurU kr id`qw[ 8 Agsq 1923 nUM kpUrQlw dy bbylI ipMf iv`c Awpxy hI ie`k swQI AnUp isMG dI muKbrI qy, jo bhwnw bxw ky ausy ipMf iv`c iksy Al`g Gr ivc TihirAw sI, BweI krm isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW audy isMG rwmgVH JuMgIAW, ibSn isMG mWgtW, mihMdr isMG pMforI gMgw isMG dy jQy nUM PVn leI puils ny ipMf nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ipMf nUM nukswn qoN bcwaux leI jQy ny ipMfoN bwhr jw ky lVn dw PYslw kIqw[ b`brW ny ikrpwnW sUq ky jYkwrw C`ifAw Aqy puils dI tukVI qy hmlw kr id`qw[ coA iv`coN dI gurduAwrw cONqw swihb v`l jWidAW b`br mihMdr isMG, audy isMG Aqy ibSn isMG ShId ho gey[ BweI krm isMG kMFy qoN QoVI dUr, ie`k h`Q iv`c ikrpwn Aqy dUsry h`Q iv`c bMdUk PVI gofy gofy pwxI ivc KVHy sn[sb-ieMspYktr Piqh Kwn ny hiQAwr su`tx leI ikhw qW BweI krm isMG ny grjvIN Awvwz iv`c jvwb id`qw, “is`K mYdwny jMg ivc hiQAwr nhIN su`itAw krdw[ mYN ijaUNdw hiQAwr nhIN su`tWgw”[ BweI swihb ny Piqh Kwn qy golI clweI pr auh bc igAw[ Piqh Kwn ny BweI swihb dy m`Qy ivc golI mwrI ijs nwl auh ShId ho gey[ BweI krm isMG Awp kivqw vI ilKdy sI:- ‘krm isMG’ krqwr dI Et lY ky, hux jwlmW vMfIAW pw BweI[ (s)ShId auDm isMG:- ip`Cy jilHAW vwlw bwg dI Gtnw dw izkr ho cukw hY[jilAW vwly bwg dy KUnI swky dw bdlw ShId auDm isMG ny ieMglYNf jw ky mwrc 1940 ivc mweIkl E fvwier nUM mwr ky ilAw[auDm isMG dw jnm sMgrUr izly dI qihsIl sunwm dy ipMf Swhpur klW iv`c srdwr tihl isMG dy Gr 26 dsMbr 1899 eI. nUM hoieAw, ijnHW dw AMimRq Ckx qoN pihlW dw nW cUhV isMG sI[mW-bwp dI mOq qoN bwAd ikSn isMG rwgI dI m`dd nwl Syr isMG (auDm isMG) Aqy v`fw Brw mukqw isMG AMimRqsr, puqlI Gr, kyNdrI Kwlsw XqImKwnw iv`c 24 AkqUbr 1907 nUM cly gey[ ieQy hI auh is`K rihq iv`c prp`k hoey, Syr isMG nUM nvW nW auDm isMG Aqy mukqw isMG nUM swDU isMG id`qw igAw[ ieQy hI auDm isMG ny dsvIN pws kIqI Aqy keI ik`qy isKy[ swDU isMG dI mOq 1917 iv`c ho geI Aqy auDm isMG ny 1919

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iv`c XqImKwnw C`f id`qw, Zdr lihr iv`c kud ipAw Aqy ienklwbI srgrmIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ jilAW vwly bwg dw swkw auDm isMG ny AwpxIAW A`KW swhmxy vwprdw dyiKAw sI[dyS-dyS GuMmdy-GuMmwauNdy lMfn phuMc igAw[13 mwrc 1940 nuM jilAW vwlw bwg dy kqlyAwm qoN 21 swl bwAd kykston hwl ivc sYNtrl eySIAn soswietI dI mIitMg sI ijs iv`c mweIkl Efvwier ny vI bolxw sI[ auDm isMG Awpxw irvwlvr pusqk ivc Cupw ky lY igAw[ ijauN hI Efvwier plYtPwrm v`l jwx l`gw auDm isMG ny golIAW clweIAW[ Efvwier QW qy hI mwirAw igAw, jYtlYNf jo Bwrq leI sk`qr sI qy golI clweI pr auh mirAw nhIN, zKmI ho igAw Aqy do hor APsr vI zKmI ho gey[ auDm isMG ny B`jx dI koiSS nhIN kIqI Aqy aus nUM igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[1 ApRYl 1940 nuM auDm isMG nUM sjw suxweI geI[ sYNtrl kirmInl kort, Elf bYly iv`c jdoN jsits AYtiknsn ny auDm isMG nUM ausdw nW puiCAw qW aus ny auqr id`qw, “rwm muhMmd isMG Azwd” jo nsl, zwq, iPrkw Aqy Dwrimk hdW qoN pwr lMG jwx v`l ieSwrw krdw hY[ auDm isMG ny spSt kIqw, “ mYN ieh ies leI kIqw ikauNik mYnUM aus nwl gu`sw sI[auh iesy dy lwiek sI”[ (h) Bgq isMG:- srdwr AjIq isMG dy sbMD iv`c ieh q`Q swhmxy AwieAw sI ik ShId Bgq isMG dw pirvwr puriKAW qoN AMimRqDwrI Aqy dyS-Bgq pirvwr sI[Bgq isMG dy pVdwdw srdwr Piqh isMG AMimRqDwrI is`K sn jo Kwlsw POjW v`loN AMgryzW nwl lVy[ srdwr ikSn isMG Aqy srdwr AjIq isMG AnMd pur swihb holy-mh`ly qy jwky AMimRq Ck ky Awey sI[ieh iblkul kudrqI hY ik iek is`K Aqy dyS-Bgq pirvwr ivc pYdw hox krky Bgq isMG nUM ieh swry sMskwr guVHqI iv`c imly Aqy ausny ibRitS rwj dy iKlwP ienklwbI rsqw ApxwieAw[ lwhOr swjS kys iv`c cwrj hox qoN bwAd srdwr Bgq isMG Aqy aunHW dy swQIAW ny smy smy Awpxy ibAwn jwrI kIqy jo kort ivc pys kIqy jWdy rhy[ Bgq isMG dI zulm dy iKlwP jdo-jihd nuM d`sx leI ies ivcoN kuJ pMkqIAW pyS kIqIAW jw skdIAW hn, (Source Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia):“ We have used the expression Utopian non-violence, in the foregoing paragraph and which requires some explanation. Force when aggressively applied is “violence” and is, therefore, morally unjustifiable, but when it is used in the furtherance of a legitimate cause, it has its moral justification. The elimination of force at all costs in Utopian, and the mew movement which has arisen in the country, and of that dawn we have given a warning, is inspired by the ideal which guided Guru Gobind Singh and Shivaji, Kamal Pasha and Riza Khan, Washington and Garibaldi, Lafayette and Lenin.” gurU goibMd isMG jI ny zPrnwmy ivc AOrMgzyb nUM iliKAw hY ik jdoN zulm dy iKlwP swry hIly mu`k jwx qW qlvwr auTwauxI pYNdI hY, “cUM kr hIlqy dr guzS[ hlwlsq gurdW bw SmSIr dsq”[iesy qrz qy Bgq isMG Aqy swQIAW ny Awpxy ibAwnW ivc ienklwb dy qrIikAW bwry spSt kIqw hY:- “As regards the methods, peaceful or otherwise, to be adopted for the consummation of the revolutionary ideal, let us declare that the choice rests with those who hold power. Revolutionaries, by virtue of their altruistic principles, are lovers of peace- a genuine and permanent peace based on justice and equality, not the illusory peace resulting from cowardice and maintained at the point of bayonets. If the revolutionaries take to bombs and pistols, it is only as a measure of terrible necessity, as a last recourse.” Conclusion:- aupr kIqI ivcwr crcw qon iek g`l auBr ky swhmxy AwauNdI hy ik Zdr pwrtI lihr ivc is`KW ny vD CVH ky ih`sw ilAw[ auhnW ny isrP ih`sw hI nhiN ilAw sgoN

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auh ies lihr nuM AMzwm dyx vwly moFIAW ivcoN sn[ auh pUrI qrHW sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI ivcwrDwrw qoN pRBwvq sn[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dw Drm-icMqn hI iek Aijhw icMqn hY ijs ny ihMdusqwn nUM smwijk brwbrI, smwijk inAwauN, ivqkry-rihq smwijk iSiqAW, Awpxy h`k leI Awp lVn, AwpxI r`iKAw Awp krn dw mwfl id`qw[ Asl iv`c gurU nwnk v`loN hI ienklwb ijs nuM srdwr jgjIq isMG is`K ienklwb kihMdy hn r`K id`qI geI sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny nw isrP rwjnIqk, smwijk Aqy Dwrimk lu`t-Ksu`t v`l iDAwn duAwieAw sgoN auhnW ny bwbr nUM llkwirAw Aqy aus nuM ‘jm’ qk ikhw jo Awpxy nwl pwp dI jMj lY ky AwieAw[ ihMdusqwnIAW nuM gurU nwnk ny auhnW dI ZulwmI dw Aihsws krwieAw Aqy disAw ik AwpxI r`iKAw Awp krnI pYNdI hY, “kotI hU pIr vrij rhwey jw mIru suixAw DwieAw] Qwn mukwm jly ibj mMdr muiC muiC kuir rulwieAw]koeI muglu n hoAw AMDw iknY n prcw lwieAw”](pM.418-19)[ kYnyfw AmrIkw iv`c BWvyN auh rojI-rotI kmwaux gey sI pr auQy jwky auhnW nUM Zulwm mulk qoN hox krky ijs iksm dy ivqkry dw swhmxw krnw ipAw ies ny auhnW AMdr su`qy pey is`K nUM jgwieAw Aqy mulk dI azwdI leI lV-mrn leI q`qpr kIqw[ iehI nhIN iehnW bwhrly mulkW ivc gurduAwry bxwey, auhnW nuM AzwdI leI prcwr d kyNdr bxwieAw[ Zdr dw prcwr krn vwilAW ivc bhuqy gRMQI isMG sn ijnHW dw vrnx kr skxw sMBv nhiN ho sikAw[ bhuqy ZdrI nw-isrP swbq-sUrq is`K sn sgoN AMimRqDwrI sn[ Zdr pwrtI dy mMqv bwry izkr kridAW hrnwm isMG tuMfI lwt ny iliKAw hY, “Zdr pwrtI dI sQwpqI qoN lY ky ihMdusqwn AMdr bgwvq krn vwsqy, ihMdusqwn rvwnw hox q`k Zdr pwrtI dy iksy mYNbr nUM mwrksvwd, swmrwj, kimaUinst kOmWqrI, bwlSivk Awid nwauN dI iksI SY jW sMsQw dw koeI ielm nhiN sI[ swfy sB qoN vDyry ividAw pRwpqlwlw hridAwl nuM vI auprokq iksy nwauN dI jwxkwrI nhiN sI, hwlWik aunHW dw ikqwbI qy AKbwrI AiDAYn bwkI swirAW nwloN bhuq ivSwl sI[rUs bwry vI lwlw hridAwl dI jwxkwrI auQy dI ZrkwaU lihr (Anwrikst) Aqy rUsI AiqAwcwrW q`k hI sImq sI[( somw:pMjwb tweImj XU.AYs.ey)[srdwr Bgq isMG dy KwndwnI ieiqhws qoN vI spSt huMdw hY ik ieh pirvwr AwrIAw smwjI nhIN sgoN guris`K pirvwr sI[Bgq isMG dy ipqw Aqy cwcw dovyN AMimRqDwrI sI[ ies qrHW ikhw jw skdw hY ik ZdrpwrtI lihr dI ienklwbI soc dIAW jVW ‘is`K ienklwb’ nwl juVIAW hoeIAW sI[ Bibliography:- 1.KAREN ISAKSEN LEONARD, Making Ethnic Choices, Temple University Press Philadelphia.(1992) 2.WIKIPEDIA-The Free Encyclopedia 3.jgjIq isMG, Zdr pwrtI lihr,nvXug pbilSrj, ky-24, hOj Kws, inaU id`lI, sqMbr 2000 4.sohx isMG pUMnI, knyfw dy gdrI XoDy, isMG bRdrj AMimRqsr, pihli vwr 2009 5.fw. hrIS ky. purI, Zdr pwrtI lihr , gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI RAimRqsr 2006 6.

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