APRIL 2015THREE POUNDS

COLLEGE ECHOESTHE 89th ANNUAL KATE KENNEDY PROCESSION

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Pereat tristitia, pereant osores. Pereat diabolus, quivis antiburschius atque irrisores?

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The Kate Kennedy Club 4

Presidents Welcome 5

Route of The Procession 6

The Editors Letter 7

The Frontispiece of the College Echoes 9

The Ode to Lady Katherine 11

On Amateurism 13

The Banning of the Procession 15

On Courage 17

The Procession 18

Dramatis Personae 25

On Independence 33

On Charity 36

On Clerical Costumes 38

CONTENTS

so many notable shades at once astir that St. Leonards and St. Marys grow murky with them

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PRESIDENT E. Haxby

VICE-PRESIDENT O. Cutting

SECRETARY W. Kesley

TREASURER M. Skajem

KEEPER OF THE COSTUMES AND SHIELDS D. Martin

KEEPER OF THE COACHES A. Cohen

PRO-KEEPER OF THE COSTUMES AND SHIELDS A. Todd

MARSHAL OF THE PROCESSION A. Shaw

EDITORS OF THE ANNUAL C. Kunkler T. Ayling

ILLUSTRATOR N. Constantine

PUBLISHED BY THE KATE KENNEDY CLUB Printed byUNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS Meigle PrintersAPRIL 2015

Gaudeamus igitur, iuvenes dum sumus!

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PRESIDENTS WELCOMEIt is with enormous pleasure that I welcome you to this years Kate Kennedy Proces-

sion, marking 89 years since its formal revival by Principal Sir James Irvine, and two students, Donald Kennedy and James Doak, in 1926.

rincipal Irvine, who held his position for 31 years, is credited with the Universitys Second Founding, revitalising the academic rigour of our ancient seat of learning and never losing sight of its glorious traditions. It therefore seems fitting that each year, on Kate Kennedy Day, the whole history of St. Andrews is brought to life as Rectors, reformists and revolutionaries in all fields, from both town and University process through the streets as a reminder of their incredible achievements.

For some of you this may be your first Kate Kennedy Procession, others may line the streets every year awaiting the arrival of Lady Kate surrounded by here retinue. I hope that this year, no matter how many Processions you have borne witness to, offers a vivid and lively picture of the lives of each and every character. The Procession is ultimately a spectacle, and each year the Kate Kennedy Club and Trust strive to make it more striking and engaging for its spectators. The last two years have seen the shields of the pageant restored to their de-served splendour and the coach of the ill-fated Archbishop Sharp fully renovated. This year we turn to the costumes of the clergy and their various croziers. With the help of Life Member, Mark Dennis, and student seamstress, Austen Schurig, the clerical costumes have been fully restored in an attempt to enhance both the visual spectacle and historical accuracy of this pageant. I hope that this adds another dramatic dimension to the Procession, and that you feel even closer to the history of this wonderful town. Thanks must extend to them both for this, especially Mark whos house provided a constant flow of coffee and cake when working!

Two members of the Kate Kennedy Club have

worked tirelessly over the last year in order to organise and deliver this years Procession. The Marshal, Adam Shaw, and Keeper of Costumes and Shields, David Martin, have put a great deal of time and effort and I offer them a great many thanks on behalf of the Kate Kennedy Club and Kate Kennedy Trust.

Thanks must also go to the permanent mem-bers of the Kate Kennedy Trust - the registered charity that maintains the costumes, shields and coaches of the Procession. The Trust con-stantly drives the Procession forward for the benefit of those watching, and gives its full sup-port to the Club throughout the year. I must, in particular, extend a heartfelt thanks to Martin Passmore, the Chairman of the Trust, and Frank Quinault, the Trusts Treasurer, for their wise and invaluable advice to me personally throughout the year. Furthermore, each year Wendy Quinalt displays incredible patience and dedication in the lead-up to the Procession, and particularly on the day itself in her unending work in keeping the costumes in order. Wendy, I thank you on behalf of everybody involved with this event - it truly could not happen without you.

There are numerous others without whom the Procession could not go ahead. While I do not have space here to thank everybody individual-ly, the Club and I are hugely grateful for all the time and effort you put into the running of the Procession each year. I wont keep you from en-joying this publication a moment longer. I hope that you enjoy the day and that, even if just for a moment, the colourful history of St. Andrews really comes to life in front of your eyes as its various players process through its streets.

EDMUND HAXBYPRESIDENT

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It is my ever present hope, that no large men try to force a tea chest down my throat.

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THE EDITORS LETTERIt has become something of a tradition in itself for the editor of the College Echoes to

preach the importance of tradition; to deliberate prudently on its nature and to divine what relevance it might hold in todays society.

f course, to a certain extent I am doomed to fall back into those well- trodden and worthy footsteps. Yet I would, if at all possible, like to consider some thing a little more abstract in this issue of the College Echoes. My theme for this year is magic.

Certainly this theme is to some extent a ro-mantic and idealistic one; I am not ashamed to admit that the subject occurred to me in a fit of pre-emptive nostalgia brought on by the process of compiling the College Echoes. Yet I am convinced it would take a supreme sceptic to argue that there is not something inherently magical about this town in which we live. Now, magic is a somewhat nebulous term, it may even be wrong word to use altogether, yet for me it conveys perfectly a sense of the transcendental; the notion that there is another dimension to St Andrews, something more than might be found in many mundane towns.

What is it that makes gives this small town its aura of magic? Perhaps it is its far-flung location perched on sheer cliffs in ostensible isolation. When the haar rolls in off the mercurial waters of the North Sea it can often feel as though all that exists is St Andrews, an enclave at the end of the earth. Maybe it is the town itself comprised of haunting medieval ruins, the austere and understatedly grandiose buildings of later years and just the faintest hints of modernity. It could be that St Andrews holds a quasi-mythical status for golfers who flock from all over the world on a pilgrimage to stay and play at the home of their cherished game. Or perhaps it is the people? A town whose very lifeblood seems condensed into three streets cannot help but foster a community of incredible strength and social bonds of great

intensity. Finally perhaps it is the history which suffuses every pore of St Andrews. It is hard to stand in the ruined cloisters of the cathedral or by the oak tree of St Marys Quadrangle and not feel the presence of history. It is our history which imbues us with a special knowledge, an understanding that we are part of a venerable continuum, not so far removed from those luminaries of the past whose lives have acutely affected ours or from those of the future who will be affected by us.

It is in truth a confluence of all these facets and a myriad of others that gives this town of unas-suming size such a magical potency. This magic is continually renewed by our traditions, our superstitions and indeed our every interaction each of which stitches another thread in the rich tapestry of our towns history. Yet of all the agents of renewal the Kate Kennedy Procession holds a place of marked significance. Its symbol-ism is undeniable. We are drawn together on the precipice of spring, town and gown distinctions forgotten, to communally celebrate everything that is truly great about St Andrews. We see once more the figures of the past animate the fabric of the town in which they once walked. The route winds through and binds together the talismanic buildings and spaces of St Andrews; as with the great processions of the world the ordinarily profane streets become, in a sense, sacred for the day. Finally we find the Lady Kate bringing up the rear of the procession. In her character the historical is bound up with the mythical and magical history of St Andrews. Played each year by a promising bejant she represents what might be termed the spirit of St Andrews, that notion of the transcendental of which I spoke earlier.

The procession should allow for reflection upon what St Andrews means to each one of us. For

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the resident the procession perhaps helps to render spectacular what may well feel common-place and unremarkable after years of living here. It may also serve to remind that while we may often have our differences the university and its students are just as much a part of town as the resident of generations, we all play an equal part in the life of St Andrews for the time we are here. For the student the procession should help remind us what it means to study in St Andrews. In an era of increasing tuition fees it is worry-ing to watch the inexorable slide of universities towards becoming degree factories as Henry Baylis terms them in his article.

It has become standard to hear students treating universities like businesses, demanding their moneys worth. If nothing else, the procession should remind us that it is in fact a great privilege to be able to contribute to this ancient seat of learning and the life of such a special town. Our presence in St Andrews may be transient but we should remember that we are not simply passing through on the way to our jobs, we are adding to the cumulated learning and history of this town, a contribution which is indelible.

Hopefully I have conveyed something of the magic of St Andrews which is the theme running through this issue of the College Echoes this year. You will undoubtedly have noticed the front cover which has been drawn to evoke a surreal fairytale feel, this aesthetic is continued through-out in the style of a childrens book of verse. The creation of this edition has very much been a

joint effort and there are two people to whom I owe a great debt. Firstly to my long- suffering flatmate Nicholas Constantine who illustrated this issue. I have confined much of what I wish to say about him and his work to a short article later on. However I would take this opportunity to say that I am immensely grateful to him for expressing in watercolour what I could only pa-thetically half explain with words. The other man I wish to thank is my good friend Tom Ayling. His work formatting the Echoes has been invalu-able and between himself and Nicholas they have really given this years edition its character, even its magic. Aside from them I wish to thank the club members who have contributed articles. I urge you not to simply to gloss over the content of this annual. Each contributor has extrapolated something prescient from the contours of the past and their passion for this town really shines through.

I have undoubtedly prattled on far too long and I thank those of you who have read this to the end and indulged my romantic ramblings. I hope that I have to some extent distilled my great passion for this town into a few words and that I have done it justice. It only remains for me to thank you for buying this edition of the College Echoes, the proceeds of which will be going to charity. I hope you enjoy what is a truly fantastic day and that you too might feel something of that spirit of St Andrews of which I have eulo-gised.

C. KUNKLEREDITOR OF THE ANNUAL

We are drawn together on the precipice of spring, town and gown distinctions forgotten, to

communally celebrate everything that is truly great

about St Andrews.

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SO MANY NOTABLE SHADES AT ONCE ASITRTHE FRONTISPIECE OF THE

COLLEGE ECHOESThe inspiration for this years College Echoes really stems from the front cover. This summer I was walking around Lake Como in Italy when I came upon an artist selling his paintings. They were a series of surreal dreamscapes painted in oils and watercolour which clearly drew on the themes of youth and childhood. What real-ly came across was a sense of the magical, he elevated mundane objects into the realms of the surreal and fairytale. I felt they were paintings that I would have loved to have had hung in my room as a child. As struck as I was by the paint-ings, I put them to the back of my mind never to be revisited. However when I sat down to begin compiling the Echoes I realised I didnt have a theme. My predecessor Jamie Perriam had set the bar high with his colourful edition themed around the aesthetic of vinyl records and for a while I was at a loss as to how I was to follow him.

However all was not lost. Help was at hand in the ever fruitful words of one of our great rectors J.M Barrie. I am firmly of the belief that every newly enrolled student at St Andrews should be given a copy of his rectorial address on Courage. It captures all that it means to be a student at this university, the transience of our time here and the need to make the most of it. One particular part of the speech has become something of a clich for the members of the Kate Kennedy Club such is its popularity but I feel it may not be for many students. It is the closing sentiment of Barries speech and I feel it is worthwhile quoting in full:

A final passing thought. Were an old student given an hour in which to revisit the St. Andrews of his day, would he spend more than half of it at lectures? He is more likely to be heard clattering up bare stairs in search of old companions. But if you could choose your hour from all the five hundred

years of this seat of learning, wandering at your will from one age to another, how would you spend it? A fascinating theme; so many notable shades at once astir that St. Leonards and St. Marys grow murky with them. Hamilton, Mel-ville, Sharpe, Chalmers, down to Herkless, that distinguished Principal, ripe scholar and warm friend, the loss of whom I deeply deplore with you. I think if that hour were mine, and though at St. Andrews he was but a passer-by, I would give a handsome part of it to a walk with Doctor John-son. I should like to have the time of day passed to me in twelve languages by the Admirable Cricht-on. A wave of the hand to Andrew Lang; and then for the archery butts with the gay Montrose, all a-ruffled and ringed

It is a beautiful thought, that the history of St Andrews is merely a continuum where we are only separated from our illustrious forbears by time. In his words Barrie conjures up a surreal world where we might pass the time of day with the reanimated figures of the past, gliding from age to age. It is this fantastical sentiment that got me thinking about the magical aspect of St Andrews. I thought about everything that I personally love about St Andrews, the things that I could never put into words if I tried. I thought about our superstitions, the notion that the Pends might crumble should the smartest man in the world walk under them, the fact that we refuse to step on the PH lest we fail our degrees, and so on. I thought about the rich traditions and ceremonies which litter the St Andrean cal-endar. I considered the location and appearance of St Andrews. Innumerable aspects of the town and the university began to ferment in my mind with the paintings I had seen by Lake Como and I finally arrived at the theme of magic.

At this point I was confounded by my complete and long understood inability to draw even the

most rudimentary of objects. I had a vague idea of what I wanted the front cover to look like but no way of expressing it. I ended up discussing it with my flatmate Nicholas Constantine who im-mediately engaged with the idea and offered his services. From my hazy outline he has created a front cover which really conveys a sense of the magic of St Andrews. He has in a way depicted J.M Barries dream like world in watercolour. St Andrew gazes down on a surreal landscape where the great monuments of the town rest upon clouds, characters float up on the cords of balloons and students perch on the pier next to Sir Hugh Lyon Playfair and Principle Sir James Irvine. Finally in the centre he has depicted another of the great sentiments of J.M Barries rectorial address. Barrie talked of our roses in December, by which he meant those memories which are our most treasured; those we will cherish above all others even in our darkest

times. It can be of no doubt that the most valu-able thing we will take from our years at St An-drews are not our degrees but our memories and this is why I feel the roses in December motif is so important.

I am incredibly grateful to Nicholas for putting so much work into this edition. It was clear that it became a very personal project for him and the time and effort has undoubtedly paid off. He has managed to capture something of the magic and spirit of St Andrews in a way that any number of words from myself could not. I hope that the front cover sets the tone for the rest of the annual and that it to some extent informs your reading of the various articles each of which convey a little of the magic of St Andrews.

C. KUNKLEREDITOR OF THE ANNUAL

A fascinating theme; so many notable shades at once astir that St. Leonards and

St. Marys grow murky with them.

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The Kate Kennedy Club is delighted to invite you to

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ODE to the

In the springtime every yearThe people of St. Andrews flockTo watch this dance of skeletons

That gathers by the red, gold clock.

The bells that gling and ring and gongUsher our familiars through,

With the same sound they also heardIn 98 and 22.

A happy tolling charms us outOf flowerbeds and Albany,

Not only so we might stir KateBut he who played her previously,

So that De Luna might reach outHis hand across times chasmal stretchAnd take and shake that of John Cleese

And say, I love that parrot sketch,

And Patrick Hamilton can sneakTo where his hallowed letters rest

And take a selfie with a smileThat seems to say I cheated death.

With every inch our Lady movesHer face renews, awakes, updates.As does the cobbled paving that

Grows firm with each new step she takes.

And as the process marches forthThe characters ahead of youMark the way by stepping in

The cursed PH and horses poo.

Let Katharine be your lighthouse, friends,Your iPhone light when it is dark.

Illuminate the future byInhabiting the buried past.

C. WHITE-SPUNNER

LADY KATHERINE

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THE

KATE KENNEDYCLUB

IS DELIGHTED TO INVITE YOU TO THE ANNUAL GAUDIE, A

TORCHLIT PROCESSIONON THURSDAY 30th APRIL AT 8PM

IN THE HONOUR OF FORMER STUDENT JOHN HONEYFor, on the first Sunday of the 19th Century, a century of prolific modernisation at this ancient seat, a young student named John Honey was attending a service in the chapel of St Salvator.

Cries of ship ashore reached town and beck-oned townsfolk in great crowds down to the har-bour, as it beckoned Honey and the congregation from the chapel. But tranquil Sunday morning stroll to the pier was this not, as driving sleet and chilling cold blasted up against, from the pier to the pends.

The great maritime historian of St Andrews George Bruce notes Shoemakers in their black, bakers in their white aprons and whiter faces, students in their red cloaks, schoolboys, sailors, and the general public, with anxious faces, rushed east South Street, Market Street, and North Street, in the direction of the harbour.

So was the scene that first met John Honeys eyes as he came down Kirkhill to the harbour, seeing first this crowd and then, 300 yards from shore, the sloop. Almost-wrecked and almost-hidden by the dizzying surf sparking up around it and the unrepentant sleet raining over it was the Ja-net. To the fair of sight, however, a more shock-ing scene became clear as flickering through the sleet and waves was the ships master and crew.

Bruces prose becomes more compelling still

now: There were many brave and daring men in that sympathising crowd, but although their hearts beat quicker, and their dilated eyes were rivetted to those ill-fated seamen crying through the storm, sometimes frantically waving an arm for help, and again dinging for life when a heavier breaker than usual dashed over them, none could at least none dared to face that mocking surge, which, as in triumph, rolled up to their feet in grim defiance.

Yet then, murmurs of he will go! began to spread amongst the crowd and with it applause as the young student John Honey stripped off his clothes, tied a rope around his waist, and dived into the sea.

The crowd, skeptical of his chances and having noted his stunted progress, began to call to pull Honey back in by the rope but the inimitable John had forseen this possiblity and already cut himself from the rope and made earnest track for the sloop. The shipmaster and crew, too fatigued to swim themselves, were taken back ashore by Honeys five return swims to and from the wreckage.

It is this heroism, perhaps, that carries the whis-per in the wind of Barries advice to St Andrews students, fight on, you, for the old red gown until the whistle blows.

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ON

AMATEURISMAND J.M. BARRIES ALLAHAKBARRIES

particularly inept brand of cricket. Yet more importantly for a time it was the picturesquehome ground of Allahakbarries CC, later the Authors XI, J.M Barries amateur authors crick-et team. Based in nearby Broadway, Barrie and his friends, including Rudyard Kipling, whiled away their summers playing terrible cricket and exploring the Cotswolds in between infrequent writing during the 1890s.

Mistakenly coined from the Arabic Allahu Ak-bar in the hope that it would invoke Gods help, a charming ineptitude that characterises this quintessential Club, Allahakbarries encapsulated the amateur ethos, with its questionable perfor-mances softened by the players good grace and disarming wit. Barrie banned his players from warming up before games, fearing this can only give them [the opposition] confidence. His own performance was somewhat lacking in polish, claiming that after delivering a ball he would go and sit at mid-off and wait for it to arrive at the batsman, which it sometimes did. He even furthered the cause of gender equality in sport by generously allowing himself to be bowled out

IHe even furthered the cause of gender equality in sport by generously allowing himself to be bowled out by American actress Mary Anderson at Stanway in 1897.

was gratified last summer to discover that my four years in the Kate Kennedy Club, gaining a patchy knowl edge of the history of the East Neuk and an uncanny ability to blindly fill plastic champagne flutes, had not been in vain. Whilst grafting in the idyllic fields surrounding Stanway in Gloucestershire, earning an honest wage to fund the monumental cost of textbooks, (Word to the wise- the Union bar and the Union

bookshop appear the same on bank statements- very handy) I was pleasantly surprised to find a direct link to St Andrews in that very vista. Apparently those hours perusing the College Echoes and questioning bejants on St Andrean folklore had not been an irrelevant if enjoyable speedbump under the unstoppable progress of the Career, but actually had a link to the outside world.Stanway Cricket Club forms this link. It is a truly remarkable cricket ground, surrounded by roll-ing pastures with its ridge-and-furrow outfield and split-log pavilion (pictured). It is a ground at which the author can occasionally be found rounding out the batting order plying his

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by American actress Mary Anderson at Stanway in 1897.

Whilst both Barrie and Kipling have happily received special attention elsewhere in this yearsechoes, I feel that there is something to be said of this charming collection of amateurs. Both men espoused a broad definition of learning and edu-cation, with Barrie noting that, given a final hour in St Andrews, no student would sit in a lecture but would seek their friends and a good time. Kiplings If makes no mention of qualifications and studying, but resilience and integrity, just as Mowgli got no letters after his name being raised in the jungle.

This is significant for the St Andrews student, just as it is for everyone. Barries determination to instil an affable amateurism in his group of friends, playing for the love of the game rath-er than a professional drive to be the best is extremely applicable to St Andrews. As com-petition for university places and graduate jobs ratchets higher and higher, and so many aspects of student life are streamlined and professional-ised, from student sport to charitable fundrais-ing, amateurish enjoyment becomes less and less of a priority. The temptation, then, is to spend that final hour gaining a professional advantage over your rivals, while the appeal of swinging happily at a ludicrously slow delivery in the Stan-ley sunshine wanes.

Investment in student sport and a serious andprofessional eye to your own future have massivebenefits for the student, but the enjoyment must remain.

The costs of taking your four years at St An-drews, or indeed any time where you have the flexibility to do with your time as you will, too seriously, must be comprehended. It is a clich that these are the best days of your lives, as is education is about more than qualifications, but these sentiments resonate.

From the glorious amateur efforts of todays Procession, however professional the output of Mark Dennis and his team may appear, to the charity cake sale outside the library and the Uni-versity Quidditch team, amateurism still has its charm and its benefits. The placing of enjoyment above all else, just as Allahakbarries CC did over a hundred years ago, is a privilege that students should not ignore or take for granted, and grants us more experience than might be assumed read-ing it on a Curriculum Vitae or in a results table. Amateurism, ever a bastion of under-performing village cricket sides and student endeavours, must not be left behind so long after, Barrie shouldered his bat for the final time and headed for the pavilion with a smile on his face.

HENRY BAYLISCONSTABLE

The temptation, then, is to spend that final hour gaining a professional advantage over your rivals, while the appeal of swinging happily at a ludicrously slow

delivery in the Stanway sunshine wanes.

The pavilion at Stanway CC

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THEBANNING

OF THE

PROCESSION

adies and Gentlemen, I must thank you (presumably) for your orderly behaviour on this fine day. The Kate Kennedy procession dates back just as long as the University, however the gentile and beautiful procession you see today was not always carried out in such amanner. Indeed the procession has a past steeped in mischief, drunken revelry and anti-establishment antics all of which led to its banning in 1881.

The story goes that on the day of the procession in 1881 two ships, the Hermione and the Merlin collided in St Andrews Bay. Unfortunately the debauchery and drunkenness of the students served only to limit their capacity to ameliorate the disaster and indeed exacerbated it. Conse-quently Principal Shairp banned the procession and it was not to resurface until the two bright-eyed founders of the Kate Kennedy Club and Principal Irvine revived it in 1926. However this story obscures certain aspects of the pre-1881 processions history. For example 1881 was not the only year in which the procession was ostensibly banned. Nor was it the first year the procession had caused so much controversy.

Indeed it was not only the procession itself which caused such controversy; the role of the Kate Kennedy Annual and cartoons must be observed.

The Kate Kennedy Annual and cartoons were sold in the streets and were primarily created to lambast the establishment, often with extreme venom. Written in the Annual of 1870, a student wrote this University will grant the degree of A.Y. (advanced younker) to every boy under the age of four who has heard of the University of St Andrews. Later on in the annual written an advertisement appears to ridicule an existing academic proclaiming Professor H-----LE will transform K.K. into solid, liquid and gaseous states, and show how in each she retains her pe-culiar charm. The annual was clearly no friend of the university administration!

The cartoons carry on in a similar vein to the annual. Many show a select number of high- ranking professors in a range of compromising and humorous situations. For example in the 1871 Kate Kennedy cartoon (pictured) Principal Shairp can be seen dancing on his head to music played by then current professors such as

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such as Campbell and Bell while in the right hand corner Professor MDonald seems to have sprouted a tail. In the 1879 cartoon (pictured) a peloton of professors can be seen racing down West Sands on a variety of ungainly creatures. The full significance of these cartoons I would not presume to know but they certainly caused a great deal of concern in the upper echelons of the university.

Indeed it was on their account that attempts to ban the procession occurred several times, notably in 1874. We can glean an insight into the contemporary reactions by looking at letters published in the local newspaper. For example one unnamed former student wrote de-claring that the procession was an unfair object of attack. He instead suggested it was the car-toons and the annual which were the real cause of the inquisitorial zeal of the senatus although he defended them calling them innocent fun. Attempts to ban the procession were to a large extent ignored but by 1879 the issue was clearly too pressing to be ignored. In that year eight stu-dents named: Patrick, Mtavish, Ritchie, Gordon, St Clair, Armstrong, Wright and MFarlane were all accused of disturbing the peace and were put on trial. In Shairps own words the students were yelling, groaning and bawling down the streets. Such was the seriousness of the case that several of the professors, including Bell Pettigrew and Campbell who are seen in the cartoons, were induced to give evidence for and against the stu-dents. Throughout the case the court made clear that the procession was considered in some way illicit and that were they to be proved guilty their actions would be deemed a breach of the peace. Luckily for the students there was not enough

evidence to convict them and they were able to avoid expulsion by the skins of their teeth. Yet it would be only two more years before Shairp was finally able to suppress the seditious procession which would lie dormant until it was revived in its current form in 1926.

I will finish with a parting thought. What is the point of venerating the history and traditions of this town if not to learn from them? The history of the banning of the procession bears some comparison with the current state of Raisin Weekend. As students we must be mindful not to corrupt what is a beautiful tradition with overly reckless, insensitive and destructive behaviour. We must not delude ourselves into thinking that we have a right through tradition to breach the peace as Shairp might have termed it. It is our individual responsibility not to jeopardise this tradition for everyone through our own selfish actions. Yet on the other hand the university administration should always be careful not to infringe on harmless fun. It is all too easy to see the encroachment of local rulings, red tape and university policies upon student freedom.

Much like the procession itself in the nineteenth century we are also often unfair objects of attack with the actions of a few justifying the punishment of many. Freedom to have fun is part and parcel of the university experience and both students and staff ought not to jeopardise this freedom or else we are one step away from the degree-factory dystopia that my esteemed club member Mr Baylis talked of in his article.

WILLIAM MORRISCLUB ARCHIVIST

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ON

COURAGEIt is thankfully evident that students and towns-folk alike get busy and pursue their personal dreams. Yet we at times forget that it is partner-ship and friendship that binds together this our cherished institution. The Procession reveals the dependence of each upon the other and exem-plifies the importance of the town itself to the quality of our university experience. Our deepest common link is that we all nurture the future of St Andrews.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the esteemed German novelist, once argued that it is possible to make something beautiful even out of stones that obstruct us, that are put in our way. The lesson of Goethe here is that the way we react to obstructions and sudden vagaries of fate is what matters the most.

It would seem that jealousy, ignorance and greed are the three weaknesses in human nature that are at the root of all evil. It was these flaws that J. M. Barrie turned to in his rectorial address on Courage to warn and inform the then students about the dangers that can emerge in the unfore-seen future.

Two students in attendance, Donald Kennedy and James Doak, were particularly inspired by Sir Barries speech and moved to re-establish the long-banned Spring Procession and with it founded the Kate Kennedy Club.

A notable part of Barries speech urges students to reduce antagonism between town and gown. Partnership, however, requires courage and it is deemed the most significant aspect of the great fight in the dichotomy between youth and experience. Barrie further criticised students for leaving decisions of national importance in the hands of our elders, which is wrong considering

that these matters are pivotal to our destinies. In order to offer a solution, Barrie encouraged students to doubt their elders and to study their and to study their past failures wisely in order to avoid similar mistakes in the future. Shortly before the installation address concludes, Barrie raises a compelling question: If you could choose one hour from all your time in this seat of learn-ing, how would you spend it?

While Barrie was elected Rector in 1919 for a three-year term, he was additionally praised and rapidly progressed to a position of eminent acclaim for his literary masterpiece, Peter Pan. In my opinion, the aim of Peter Pan is two-fold; to convey that parents want to keep their chil-dren innocent, but also to inform parents and youngsters about the challenges of childhood. Whereas a child-like, narrow and inexperienced world of the view is both personal and heartfelt, it can evoke volatility and problems in our lives when we emerge to be in positions of responsi-bility. Unfortunately, the aforementioned envy, ignorance and greed felt often requires courage from each and everyone of us.

I would like to conclude my contribution to the 89th College Echoes by reciting the intelligent and imaginative Sir J.M. Barrie: Dreams do come true, if only we wish hard enough. You can have anything in life if you will sacrifice everything else for itThe moment you doubt whether you can fly, you cease for ever to be able to do it.

Red Gowns of St Andrews be courageous, do not doubt yourself and reach for the stars outwith our small planet.

D. L. WINOKUROW

18 COLLEGE ECHOES

CHARACTERSOF THE

KATE KENNEDY CLUBSPRING PROCESSION

MMXV

THE

Aien aristeuein kai hypeirochon emmenai allon

19 COLLEGE ECHOESTHE PRELUDE

Saint Andrew - saint of town and university. He bears before him the cross on which he suffered in Greece, and which was to become the saltire of the Scottish national flag. A reminder that St. Andrews was once the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland.

The University Shield - We shall spare you the heraldic analysis thereof.

The Three Highland Pipers - Speak for themselves.

St Regulus - A Greek of Patras, where St Andrew suffered martyrdom, who is said to have received divine warning to Depart from thine own land, thy kindred, and thy house, and go into the land which I shall show thee. Regulus after long voyaging landed on the coast of Pictland, bringing with him the bones of St. Andrew. This spot became sacred, the goal of pilgrims and the home of the Scottish Church.

The Two Culdee Monks - These monks of the ancient Celtic Church in Scotland maintained the Church of Our Lady on the Rock long after the Canons of the Roman Church were established in the Cathedral. The Site of their church maybe be seen on the Kirkheugh, at the head of the path leading down to St. Andrews harbour, although the remains to be seen there now are of a 12th Century Collegiate Church.

Queen Margaret (c. 1047 - 1093)- A princess of the Royal Saxon line, she fled the Norman Conquest of England by ship yet was, somewhat fortuitously, blown ashore on the coast of Fife. She met King Malcome III of Scotland, and married him in 1070. With the help Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, she reformed religion in Scotland. Often the altruist, her manners extended to improving the table manners of the knights at court, who one can imagine were more aquatinted with swords than spoons.

THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

Bishop William de Lamberton (c. 1265-1328) Lamberton is renowned for his influential role in the cause for independence. William Wallace made him Bishop of St Andrews, a title he held on to until his death. During his tenure he completed the building of the Cathedral and officiated at its consecration in 1318. Just 18 days before his death England formally recognized Scotland as a completely independent state. He will have no doubt died a happy man.

King Robert the Bruce (1274-1329) The King of Norman stock, who free Scotland from the Sassenach menace, although he rather let the side down by a little preliminary fifth-column work and the murder of the Red Comyn in a Dumfries church. He attended the dedication of St Andrews Cathedral by Bishop Lamberton in 1318 where he rode his horse up the Isle. He also could have learnt something from Queen Margaret.

THE FOUNDING OF THE UNIVERSITY

Bishop Henry Wardlaw (1372-1423) Amid the bloodshed of the civil war, this Bishop of St Andrews founded the first University in Scotland, the third in Britain. You may still hear the good people of St Andrews, or a few of the older inhabitants at any rate, talk wistfully of days when all they had to contend with was civil war. He is also responsible for burning the first heretic in Scotland: Paul Craw on Market Street in 1424.

Pedro de Luna, Pope Benedict XIII (1328- 1423) A Spaniard, and the last of the easy going Popes of Avignon. In 1413 he issued 6 Papal Bulls confirming the foundation of the University by Bishop Wardlaw in 1411 of the University of St Andrews. His decision to support St Andrews can be attributed to an act of crafty political manoeuvring by James I of Scotland. He wrote to Benedict on behalf of the

20 COLLEGE ECHOESChurch of St Andrews, himself and the Estates of Scotland. As Benedict did not want to lose his most avid supporters he had no choice but to agree.

Henry Ogilvy - A Master of Arts of the University of Paris and a priest of the diocese of St Andrews was sent to Benedicts court in Spain to collect the Papal Bulls, of which only one survives. Leaving on the 28th August 1413 he arrived in St Andrews on the 3rd February 1414 where he was welcomed by the bells and much debauchery.

King James I (1394-1437) When his mother died in 1402 James was sent to St Andrews and placed under the care of Bishop Wardlaw where he remained until 1406. The application to Pope Benedict for the recognition of the University bears his name and his emblem, a lion rampant, is a component of the Universitys coat of arms. He placed the University under his personal protection in 1432, exempting its members from all taxation, and drew up a code of discipline for the Faculty of Arts, which seems to have been gleefully forgotten by todays undergraduates. His brave attempts to reform the legislation of Scotland and control the Scottish Nobles led to his murder in 1437 by the rebel Sir Robert Graham.

THE MASTER OF ST JOHNS COLLEGE

Laurence of Lindores (1373-1437) Appointed Master of the College of St John by Bishop Wardlaw in 1419 and subsequently the first Rector of the University, Laurence was the most notable scholar of its early days. He must also have been a somewhat sinister figure; for thirty years, as Inquisitor of Heretical Pravity, he persecuted the Lollards, being responsible together with Bishop Wardlaw, for the kindling of the first martyr fire in Scotland.

FOUNDERS OF ST LEONARDS COLLEGE

Archbishop Stewart (1495-1513) An illegimate

son of James IV. He was made Bishop of St. Andrews in 1505, at the age of 12, but lived only till 1513, being killed along with his father at the Battle of Flodden. We remember him as a brilliant scholar whostudied under Erasmus, as one of the founders of St. Leonards College.

Prior John Hepburn (1460-1522) The other founder of St Leonards College in 1512. He and his nephew, Prior Patrick Hepburn, saw to the building of the Abbey Wall, much of which still remains today. An excellent administrator, but an ambitious and unscrupulous politician.

SCOTTISH POETS

William Dunbar (1460-1530) Studied at the University between 1475 and 1479 which after he was to become one of the greatest Scottish poets of all time. (An accolade?). Surviving this initial setback, he later became the official Rhymer in the household of James IV.

Gavin Douglas (1472-1522) Third son to the Earl of Angus who studied at St Andrews from 1489 to 1494. He was interestingly the first person to translate Virgils Aenid into Scots.

Sir David Lindsay of the Mount (1490-1555) He studied at St Andrews from 1505 to 1508 and went on to become the personal favourite poet of James V whose loose morals he did not fail to criticise. He was also made Poet Laureate at Scottish Court.

MARTYRS OF THE KIRK

Patrick Hamilton (1504-1528) Student at St.Andrews in 1523, he was destined to be first of the Protestant Martyrs in Scotland, and in February, 1528, was burned for heresy outside the gates of St. Salvators College. His initials in the cobbles there mark the place where he died, and it is a student tradition to avoid walking over that spot. His contemporaries estimated that the reik of Maister Patrik Hammyltoun has infected as many as it blew upon.

21 COLLEGE ECHOESGeorge Wishart (1514-1546) Another famous martyr of the Scottish Reformation, accompanied on his preaching journeys by John Knox, who carried the great sword before him. Wishart was burned on 1st March 1546, opposite the gateway to the Castle where Cardinal Beaton was to suffer for this crime soon afterwards.

FOUNDERS OF ST MARYS COLLEGE

Archbishop James Beaton (1473-1539) Obtained the Bull of Foundation for St. Marys College from Pope Paul III, in 1537. A rather shady character, known by the Sessenach as crafter and dissimulating.

Cardinal David Beaton (1494-1546) Abbot of Arbroath 1523, Cardinal 1538, Archbishop of St. Andrews 1546. A skilled diplomatist and statesman with a pro-French and anti-English policy. On the morning of 29th May 1546, the citizens of St. Andrews awoke to find the body of the Cardinal dangling by a sheet from one of the Castle windows - the work of Wisharts avengers.

Archbishop John Hamilton (1511-1571) Completed the foundation of St. Marys College, and made a last futile bid to save Scotland for Catholicism. It was from a window of his house in Linlithgow that the Regent Moray was shot, and in April 1571 Hamilton was hanged for his share in the crime.

THE REFORMATION

John Knox (1505-1572) The great leader of the Scottish Reformation. During the earlier part of his career was a lecturer in logic in St. Andrews University, itself a breeding ground for the new Protestant ideas. Later accepted the call to the ministry while with the besieged Protestants in St. Andrews Castle following the murder of Beaton. Frequently preached in the parish church of St. Andrews. Abhorred the

monstrous regiment of women - but married two of them (consecutively).

George Buchanan (1506-1582) Buchanan studied in St Andrews and in Paris. Although he did not declare him-self Protestant until 1560, he attacked the Church in many of his writings and spent time as a prisoner of the Inquisition in Portugal. He was the most notable scholar of the Scottish Reformation: a theologian, a political theorist, a Latin dramatist and the greatest Humanist of his day. He was Principal of St Leonards from 1567-1569, an office he left to become tutor to James VI.

Andrew Melville (1545-1622) Student at St.Andrews, became Principal of St.Marys College. A strong Calvinist, resenting Episcopacy on the grounds that all ministers should be of equal standing. The bane of James VI.s life. Once, clutching him by the sleeve, called him Gods silly vassal with, perhaps, the addition of a few less theological expressions.

CROWN AND COURTIERS

Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587) The beautiful, brave, tragic figure who backed the losing side in the Scottish Reformation. The house in which she stayed while in St. Andrews is situated at the end of South Street, near the Cathedral. The thorn three which she planted in St. Marys quadrangle has hung like the sword of Damocles over every subsequent age of University gardeners.

Pierre de Chastelard (1540-1562) Chastelard was a young French courtier who had accompanied Mary from Calais and who wrote lyrical verses about her in French and Italian. She, in turn, was friendly to him and he boasted that she was his mistress. One night a maid discovered him under Marys bed, and two nights later he hid in her room as she went to bed. He was beheaded a week later in St Andrews. In the Procession he is depicted as Marys Groom.

22 COLLEGE ECHOESJames Crichton of Eliock, The Admirable Crichton (1560-1583) Student at St. Salvators College, 1570-1575, and the greatest St. Andrews all rounder of all time. Accomplished in almost every art and sport, he was particularly noted for his swordsmanship. Spent much time in Italy, his versatility winning for him great renown in the society of Rome, and assassination in the darkness of a backstreet while returning to his lodgings

King James VI (1566-1625) His accession to the throne of England in 1603 allowed him to escape from the domination of Melville and the Scots Kirk, but his efforts at statesmanship earned for him only a reputation as the wisest fool in Christendom

Marquis of Montrose (1612-1650) Student in St. Salvators College (1612-1650). Had a disconcerting habit of shooting arrows over the College Tower without calling Fore, but collected several medals for archery, probably by way of tactful suggestion from the Senatus that he might go and practice elsewhere. Supported first the Covenant, later the King, but a good type from every point of view.

King Charles II (1630-1685) Reigned for ten years as King of Scotland before his restoration to the English throne in 1660. The ablest of the Stuarts, with an eye for good fruit.

EARLY SCIENTISTS

Napier of Merchiston (1550-1617) A product of the College of St. Salvator. His hobby was inventing secret weapons, and in 1569 suggested the use of tanks in warfare. His more serious interests lay in philosophy, theology and agriculture, and he is now chiefly remembered for his invention of logarithm - which, on the whole, was probably a good thing

Sir Robert Moray (c. 1610-1673) Graduate of St. Andrews and founder of the Royal Society. Soldier during the Commonwealth and chemist

following the Restoration.

James Gregory (1638-1675) Professor of Mathematics in the University of St. Andrews in 1688. He expounded the Newtonian theory while Cambridge was still wondering what it was all about. Cambridge, however, may have been pre-occupied with the Boat Race, which they won that year.

THE NATIONAL COVENANT

Alexander Henderson (1583-1646) Henderson graduated from St Andrews in 1604 and was inducted into the charge of Leuchars in 1614. This former regent of St Salvators College was one of the Presbyterian leaders who opposed the introduction of the English Prayer Book in 1637. Henderson took the leading role in the Covenant movement in Edinburgh, in the way Samuel Rutherford did in St Andrews. His generous gift of one thousand pounds did much towards the completion of the University Library, which had been sadly neglected for many years.

Samuel Rutherford (c. 1600-1661) Rutherford graduated from Edinburgh in 1617 where he spent some years as a regent of Arts, but resigned because of a scandal in the College. Thereafter he took to the study of Theology. He became a minister in Galloway, but because of his refusal to conform to the Royal Will in religious ceremonies was banished for a period to Aberdeen. The reaction to the National Covenant brought Rutherford to the Principalship of St Marys College in 1647, a position he held until his death. He was on several occasions Rector of the University. His greatest literary work, Lex Rex (The Law is King), which he carries, defended the rights of the state against the crown. After the Restoration it was publicly burnt at the gates of his college in 1661.

23 COLLEGE ECHOESJohn Graham of Claverhouse (1649-1689), 1st Viscount Dundee (1649-1689) Graham graduated with a M.A. from St Salvators at the age of fourteen, in 1663. He became a soldier on the continent, was active in suppression of the Covenant on his return, became a Privy Councillor, Provost of Dundee, and finally leader of the Stuart Party in Scotland on the Deposition of James VII. He was killed at the battle of Killiecrankie in his moment of victory in 1689.

Archbishop Sharp (1613-1679) Professor of Philosophy in St. Marys College, later Primate of Scotland. His philosophy was apparently distasteful to some, for he met with a gory end while driving his coach on Magus Muir. A cairn marks the spot.

THE 15 AND THE 45

Maruis of Tullibardine (1689-1746) Son of the 1st Duke of Atholl, Chancellor of the University, William Murray was a student here. One of the first to join the Chevalier in 1715, he had to flee from Sherriffmuir in 1719, went into exile and was one of the seven who landed with Bonny Prince Charlie at Borodale in 1745. He had the honour of unfurling the standard at Glenfinnan and of reading a manifesto for James VIII, but was captured at Culloden and eventually died in the Tower of London.

Robertson of Struan (1670-1749) A St. Andrews student with a definite partiality towards the old noggin and la vie parisienne. This, however, didnt stop him taking part in the Calcutta Cup matches of 88, 15 and 45. A good type.

Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat (1726-1782) Another St. Andrews cap in the team of 45. He interrupted his studies to represent his country, but the fact that he later became a general under George III may have disqualified him for a Further Education Grant.

REVOLUTION AND REFORM

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) A world-class polymath, Benjamin Franklin was responsible for the invention of the bifocal lens, and the lightning rod. As a prominent statesman and scholar he was also a signatory on the American Constitution. Franklin spent several years in St Andrews on academic business, working with the Department of Chemistry. Whilst in the town he was renowned for flying a kite as he took relaxing walks up and down the West Sands, a place which he treasured and enjoyed spending time when not in a laboratory. Due to his contribution to St Andrean and indeed global academics, he was awarded a Doctor of Laws in February 1759 and the Freedom of the City in October of the same year. St Andrews also remembers this historical figure with a plaque on the railings outside of St Salvators Chapel, where the Procession begins.

George Dempster of Dunnichen (1732-1818) George Dempster graduated here, became a member of the Faculty of Advocates, and for 29 years served in the House of Commons. Honest George was one of the most popular men in British public life in the later 18th century; Scottish industry and agriculture owe him a great debt to his reforming energy and vision. His efforts as Provost of St Andrews are commemorated in the name Dempster Terrace.

James Wilson (1742-1798) The St. Andrews lawyer who drafted the constitution of the United States of America.

Jean Paul Marat (1743-1793) One of the blood-stained revolutionaries of France, but so thin-skinned that he spent most of his time in a bath (Mr. Shinwell please note). The University sold him a medical degree on the strength of his revolutionary research in amputation.

DRAMATIS24 COLLEGE ECHOES

The Prelude St Andrew Henry Baylis The University Arms Natasha Franks Lion Supporter Sonia Zvedeniuk St Andrew Supporter Anna Cavalleri 3 Highland Pipers St Andrews Pipe Band

The Early Church St Regulus Dora Pap First Culdee Pippa Macnair Second Culdee Katie Armour Shieldbearer to Queen Margaret Sarah Garnett Queen Margaret Victoria Bucci

The War of Independence Crossbearer to Lamberton Christian Julin Bishop William de Lamberton Frank Quinalt Shieldbearer to Lamberton Dan WayneKing Robert the Bruce Cyrus Danesh

The Founding of the University Crossbearer to Wardlaw Lizzie ChoosBishop Henry Wardlaw Yousra Elbagir Shieldbearer to Wardlaw Michaela LindgrenPapal Thurifer Bearer Vincent Schott Papal Umbraculum Bearer TBCPope Benedict XIII Ludovic Meaby Shieldbearer to Pope Benedict XIII Folayinka

Folarin-CokerHenry Ogilvy Kate Keohane Shieldbearer to James I Matthew KelseyKing James I Arthur Cohen Page to James I Libby Aslett

The Master of St Johns College Laurence of Lindores Annie Newman

The Founders of St Leonards College Crossbearer to Archbishop Stewart Hamish

LeckieArchbishop Alexander Stewart Jack Merriman Crossbearer to Prior Hepburn Marie Christine

SchonbornPrior John Hepburn Kajsa JohannsonShieldbearer to Prior Hepburn Oz Adari

Scottish Poets William Dunbar Sophie Gordon Craig Gavin Douglas Mia ClaytonSir David Lindsay of the Mount Alexander

Lindsay

Martyrs of the Kirk Patrick Hamilton Farah Fazahlboy George Wishart Philip Heller

Founders of St Marys College Crossbearer to Archbishop Beaton TBCArchbishop James Beaton Michaela CromptonShieldbearer to Archbishop Beaton Ludvig

Ekstrand Crossbearer to Cardinal Beaton Jack Patterson Cardinal David Beaton Charlie Behan Cardinals Page Henrietta EvettShieldbearer to Cardinal Beaton Ludovic StewartCrossbearer to Archbishop Hamilton Georgia

Flanagan Archbishop John Hamilton Rob Sellar Shieldbearer to Archbishop Hamilton Alessandro

Rossi

The Reformation John Knox Milla Bryden George Buchanan Anais ToutonAndrew Melville India Lyons

Crown and Courtiers Shieldbearer to Mary Queen of Scots Lili Gahagan Mary Queen of Scots Jessica Stevenson Pierre de Chastelard Isobel Carter James Crichton of Eliock and Clunie Hendrik

Geiger Shieldbearer to James VI Nathan DwellyKing James VI of Scotland Sebastian Vandenheste Page to King James VI Daisy-Bea FlettJames Graham, Marq. Montrose Tom Ayling King Charles II Ivan Damgov

Early Scientists John Napier of Merchiston Graeme Scott Sir Robert Moray Francis Walters

PERSONAE25 COLLEGE ECHOES

James Gregory Will Johnston

The National Covenant Alexander Henderson Charles McGlone Samuel Rutherford Tasman BeckwithJohn Graham of Claverhouse, Vis. Dundee Stella

Schmadl Archbishop James Sharp David Martin Isabel, Daughter of Sharp DArcy WhelanGroom to Sharp Macgregor McGehee David Hackston of Rathillet Mark Jones James Balfour of Kinloch Alexander Heller William McKean of Argyle Mikkel Andreason

The 15 and the 45 William Murray, Marq of Tullibardine Alasdair

ToddAlexander Roberston of Struan Frej WelanderSimon Fraser, Lord Lovat Peter Clark

Revolution and Reform Benjamin Franklin Ned Hemmerle George Dempster of Dunnichen Isaac

Hollingsworth James Wilson Henry Plagemann Jean Paul Marat Nicholas Constantine

18th Century Scholarship Robert Fergusson Maurice Jangulo Andrew Bell Jackie Fyrwald Attendant to Bell Oran Crane Thomas Chalmers Steve Fan

19th Century Students John Honey Xandy Walsh Elizabeth Garret Anderson Anne Tynte IrvineAndrew Lang James Turner Robert Fuller Murray Emma Macmaster

Benefactors of the University Mary Ann Baxter of Balgavies Hebe Miller John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marq. Bute William

Kesley Page to Bute Orla CraneAndrew Carnegie Alastair Macmahon

Academia and Research Sir David Brewster Ari EwigProfessor John Burnet Caroline Michaels Sir DArcy Wentworth Thompson

Catherine Hicks Sir James Colquhoun Irvine Robin Evetts Famous Golfers Allan Robertson Harry Nolan Tom Morris Harry Bremner David Daw Anderson Mackenzie Irwin Tom Morris Jr. Ali Stokes Robert Tyre Jones Jr. Sam Ummat

Prominent Citizens The Town Arms Leon ORourke Sir Hugh Lyon Playfair Chris Kunkler Joan Clark Marysia DenyerDr John Adamson Graham DaltonDame Lousia Lumsden Andrea Ingvar Alexander Paterson Matthew Emslie Smith

Lord Rector of the University The Students Association Arms Pat Mathewson John Stuart Mill David WinokurowSir James Matthew Barrie Sophie WilbournField Marshal Earl Haig Mikkel Skajem Fridtjof Nansen Spencer BienvenueRudyard Kipling Nigel Rapport Frank Muir Christy White-Spunner John Cleese Tommy Vermeir In Memoriam Joseph Duthie Alan MacInnes

The Equipage of the Lady Katherine Shieldbearer to Bishop Kennedy

Arianna BrighentiKates Herald Will CarloughKates Footman Ollie Cutting Kates Page Zo Nimmo Bishop James Kennedy Ted Haxby Kates Jester Julian Valladares Make Up Alexandra Des Francs Make Up Lundie Strom

26 COLLEGE ECHOES18TH CENTURY SCHOLARSHIP

Robert Fergusson (1750-1774) The forerunner of Burns, who thought so highly of his poetry that he had erected a memorial to him. University life left him with such a taste for dissipation that he died in a madhouse at the age of twenty four.

Andrew Bell (1753-1832) The son of a wig maker, Andrew Bell was born in a house on the site of the Citizen Office, St Andrews. He matriculated in the United College in 1769 and graduated in 1773. After a spell in the tobacco trade in America, he returned to Scotland and took orders in the Church of England. On the advice of Dempster of Dunnichen he took passage to India where at the Military Male Orphan Asylum he devised the Madras or monitorial system of education, a system that was taken up by many Church of England schools. A large part of his considerable fortune was used to erect Madras College and to endow both Madras College and Bell-Baxter School. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847) An Anstruther man. A Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of St. Andrews who became the first Moderator of the Free Church of Scotland. A great preacher and social worker.

19th CENTURY STUDENTS

John Honey (c.1781-1814) The student who went to the rescue of the Janet when she was wrecked in St. Andrews Bay.

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) She matriculated at St Andrews in 1862, the first women to do so at any of the old and respectable Universities. However, this was speedily declared void by some reactionary members of staff who decided that, because it was not specially permitted for women to attend the University, her matriculation was invalid and illegal. She was later refused town

admission to exams by British Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians, and so took her M.D. at Paris in 1870. Becoming the first women to qualify as a medical practitioner in Britain, she founded the London Medical School for Women in 1883 and remained there as Director until 1903. She also founded a hospital for women in Paddington, London. She was the first woman to be elected Mayor of an English town Aldeburgh in 1908.

Andrew Lang (1844-1912) Lang studied at St Andrews, in the old St Leonards Hall, from 1861 to 1863, and published the St Leonards Magazine, whose entire contents he wrote himself. He was the first Gifford Lecturer and the author of a charming history of the Town and Gown. He moved to Oxford where he wrote Almae Matres in the longing for the Little City grey and sere, which now holds his dust. His main interest was in anthropology, but he also produced translations of Homer, collections of poetry, essays, fairy tales and writings on physical research.

Robert Fuller Murray (1863-1894) The student poet of The Scarlet Gown, whose songs will preserve for all posterity the unique spirit of student life in St. Andrews.

BENEFACTORS OF THE UNIVERSITY

Mary Anne Baxter of Balgavies (1801-1884) Miss Baxter was the principal founder of the University College, Dundee in 1881. Her generosity brought to fruition the Dundee Movement, the feeling that felt that Dundee should not be left out of the spread of Higher Education in Britain. In 1953, the College was reconstituted as Queens College and finally, in 1967, it became the University of Dundee in its own right.

Alexander Berry (1781-1873) Born on St Andrews Day, 1781 in Cupar, he arrived at St Andrews aged fifteen, reading classics and logic. He then moved to Edinburgh to

27 COLLEGE ECHOESstudy medicine, qualifying in 1801. Turing to commerce he led an adventurous life. After experiencing major setbacks and great successes he eventually founded the Coolangatta estate in Australia. Berry may be the most generous benefactor in the history of the University. His bequest was in the region of 100,000 which today would equate to around five and a half million pounds, and helped create the Berry Chair of English Literature. The money arrived at a time when the Universitys fortunes were at a very low ebb, and changed the outlook and prospects of the University greatly.

John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, Third Marquess of Bute (1847-1900) Having been made Mayor of Cardiff in 1891, he was elected Rector of the University the year after. Perhaps compelled by a desire to distance himself as much as possible from Wales, he vigorously went about reforming the Rectorship of the University, restoring its powers to their greatest heights since the Middle Ages. He hoped to make St. Andrews a complete University by introducing law, medicine, arts and theology. The medical building in the University is named after him, most likely due to the rather large sums of money he donated for its construction.

Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) The son of a Dunfermline weaver, Andrew Carnegie emigrated with his parents to the USA at the age of 12. When he retired in 1901, he had become the most prosperous steel manufacturer in the world, with a fortune hardly dented by his vast gifts to charity. In his retirement he set about the creation of twelve millionaire foundations to support and extend his charitable interests in the USA, Britain and the Commonwealth. The endowments amounted in total to three hundred million dollars equivalent to about three billion dollars in todays value. His main interests in Britain were the United Kingdom Trust and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. In 1900 he wrote his book entitled The Gospel of Wealth in which he wrote that

he had decided to cease to struggle for more wealth and to take up the more serious and difficult task of wise distribution. Many have benefited from his generosity.

ACADEMIA AND RESEARCH

Sir David Brewster (1781-1868) He was the Principal of the United College (1838-1859), and was also Rector whilst at St Andrews. His main field of research was the optics of crystals and the design of optical instruments. Indeed, he is chiefly remembered today for his invention of the kaleidoscope. The University Physics department still owns a microscope that he designed and has built a giant kaleidoscope. Within the physics world he is best known for Brewsters Angle. This is now central to the design of lasers, and modern students in photonics have scarcely improved on the data discovered by Sir David so many years ago. Today, St Andrews University proudly boasts a world leading optics research centre in continuation of Brewsters ideas. In 1831 he and some others of like mind, formed the British Association for the Advancement of Science to remedy the depressed state of British science. He has the distinction of being awarded all three principal medals of the Royal Society for his optical researches, an achievement not repeated since.

Professor John Burnet (1863-1928) Born in Edinburgh in 1863, John Burnet was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh University and Balliol College Oxford. He gained a fellowship at Merton and taught for a short while at Harrow, before being appointed Professor of Greek at St Andrews in 1892. He remained professor until 1926 and during this time published many books, including a complete edition of Plato, which today is still recognised as standard text. In 1927 Professor Burnet received an honorary LL.D from St Andrews. In the Procession he wears the gown of the Dean of the Faculty of Arts, an office in

28 COLLEGE ECHOESwhich he served two separate terms.

Sir Darcy Wentworth Thompson (1860-1948) Darcy Thompson was born in Edinburgh and was educated at Trinity College Cambridge. In 1884, at the age of 24, with The Fertilisation of Flowers already published, and another book in the press, he was appointed to the chair of Biology at University College, Dundee. He held the position until 1917 when he became professor of Natural History at St Andrews. At the time of his death, he had held these chairs for sixty-four years. He was the most genial of men, a majestic figure with his long beard, and was a well known sight in St Andrews for many years.

Sir James Colquhoun Irvine (1877-1952) Hailed by his contemporaries at the University as Little less than its second founder, Irvine held the office of Principal here for 32 years, from 1920 until his death. During his his tenure, Parliament Hall, the University Library and St. Leonards Chapel were all restored. He revived the residential character of St Andrews with the building of St Salvators, and he encouraged the revival of the Kate Kennedy procession in 1926.

FAMOUS GOLFERS

Allan Robertson (1815-1859) Acknowledged as one of the first professional golfers in the town, if not in Scotland. Allan was nationally acclaimed as The Championship Golfer in the 1840s and 50s, when he was never beaten. Robertson was the first man to break eighty on the Old Course in 1858, a colossal achievement at the time. In 1860 the members of the Prestwick Golf Club threw out a challenge to see who could take up his mantle as champion - and the Open Championship was born.

Tom Morris (1821 - 1908) and David Daw Anderson (1821-1901) Playing at the above-mentioned Open Championship was Old Tom Morris, and lost out to Willie Park by one

stroke. He became champion in 1861 and 1862 and again on two subsequent occasions, but he was eventually surpassed by his son Tom. Greenkeeper at St Andrews from 1863 to 1903, Morris kept the links in the premier position among British golf courses. It was said of him, Never could there be met with a more perfect specimen of what is called Natures Gentlemen. He is accompanied by his trusty caddie David Daw Anderson. Daw carries seven clubs that were used in the eighteen forties and fifties a play club, long spoon, short spoon, baffie, cleek, rutting iron and putter.

Tom Morris Jr. (1851-1875) Were it not for his untimely death on Christmas day in 1875 aged twenty four, young Tom would surely have become the record Open winner of all time, having won four Opens in a row. On his third consecutive win in 1870 he won by twelve shots. Father and son were winner and runner-up in 1869. His sad demise is one of the most dramatic stories in golf. After one year of marriage his wife died along with his still born son. Tommys grief was insurmountable and within three months he too was dead. Late on in life old Tom Morris said, People say Tommy died of a broken heart, but if that was true, I wouldnt be here either.

Robert Tyre Jones, Jr. (1902-1972) Born in Atlanta in 1902, the son of a lawyer, Bobby Jones first wielded a golf club when he was six years old as he followed his parents around a local course. He was too shy to take lessons, but a natural mimic, so he copied the lazy swing of the club professional, an immigrant Scot of much wisdom, but few words. Soon Bobby was playing as well as the best. He was the first player ever to win the British and U.S. Open in the same year. In 1958 the freedom of St Andrews was bestowed upon him, only the second American to receive such honor; the first being Benjamin Franklin.

29 COLLEGE ECHOESPROMINENT CITIZENS

Sir Hugh Lyon Playfair (1786-1861) He was, for a short time a student at St Andrews University, where his father was Principal. He had a successful and distinguished career serving as an artillery officer in the Army of the East India Company. On leave he visited St Helena where he met Napoleon. In 1834 he retired from active service and returned to St Andrews. As Chief Magistrate, and later as Provost, he expended great energy reversing the trend of decay in the town, and the town became an attractive holiday resort. Playfair Terrace is named after him in recognition of his work.

Joan Clark (c. 1850-1927) Joan was a familiar figure in St Andrews, spending her entire life in the town as a part of the local fishing community. Based in her tiny cottage on South Castle St, an area of town then widely known as the Ladyhead, Joan worked hard six days a week not onlyrepairing lines, nets and creels for the fishing boats of the harbour but also preparing and selling the fresh catch to the old towns housewives, seldom without her wooden hand-cart and never without her distinctive fisherwomansgarb, the traditional outfit she favoured until the end of her days. Known for her ready wit and cosy home, Joan married Henry Clark and had one son, also Henry, who became a golf club maker.

Dr John Adamson (1808-1870) Dr John Adamson was Medical Officer of St Andrews in 1848 the year the plague struck the town. The plague lasted a year and claimed the lives of some 400 people; Adamson was awarded a token payment of 21 for his night and day services to the town during the period. In his lifetime, he was responsible for founding the Cottage Hospital, whilst pioneering the use of photography, taking what was probably the first camera portrait in Britain a study of his

wife in front of Queen Marys House. Ironically, Adamson died in 1870 from blood poisoning caused by a scratch while attending a patient when he was on holiday in the Highlands.

Dame Louisa Lumsden (1840-1935) After attending private schools in London and Brussels, Louisa Innes Lumsden continued her education at Girton College, Cambridge. There she passed with honours in the lassical Tripos in 1873. She stayed at Girton for a further two years as a classics tutor. Subsequently, she spent a year as classics mistress at Cheltenham Ladies College before being invited to become the first headmistress of St Leonards School, a post that she took when the new school opened in the autumn of 1877 at the foot of Queens Gardens. It was not until 1895 that she was invited to become the warden of University Hall, a residence created for female students. The reason for this was that, as warden, Miss Lumsden wanted jurisdiction over female students resident in town. In 1911 she was awarded an LL.D by the University and a national honour was bestowed upon her when she was created Dame Commander of the British Empire in 1925 in recognition of her services to education. It is certainly fitting that the extension to University Hall should be named Lumsden Wing in honour of the residences first warden.

Alexander Paterson (1907-1989) When A.B. Paterson died in 1989, the Courier and the Citizen wrote: the end of an era in the annals of the town, for he was without doubt, the St Andrews citizen of the twentieth century. As a journalist for 60 years, he never considered it a creative art, nor even just a form of gainful employment, but as a mission a service to the community. He was the founder of the Byre Theatre in 1933 and ran it single-handedly. He was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1958 for his services to the theatre. In 1971, the University presented an honorary MA to him. There was hardly an aspect of community life in which Paterson had not been actively involved.

30 COLLEGE ECHOESLORDS RECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) Born in Pentonville, London, he was a precocious child learning the Greek alphabet at the age of 3. He was educated at home and by the age of twelve had become accomplished in algebra, Latin, Greek and history. At the age of 21 he suffered a nervous breakdown from which he never fully recovered. Renowned as a liberal philosopher he was an MP from 1865 to 1868 and a well regarded journalist. He was installed as Rector in 1865, giving the longest Rectorial Address- nearly three hours. Often regarded as an arrogant and shy man he refused to walk through the Pends for fear they might collapse; he is regularly thought of as having ideas ahead of his time, such as Irish home rule and votes for women. He died in 1873 and is buried in Avignon.

Sir James Matthew Barrie (Bart.) (1860-1937) Son of a humble weaver in Kirriemuir, the ninth of ten children, he began writing in 1885 as a freelance journalist. By 1904 he had risen to a position of great acclaim having written Peter Pan as a play. He was elected Rector in 1919 in the first contested election since the installation of the Marquess of Bute in 1892. On the 3rd ofMay1922,the anniversary of the murder of Archbishop Sharp, Barrie gave his seminal rectorial address, Courage. It was this speech that indirectly led to the re-establishment of the annual Procession and the Kate Kennedy Club. Listening to Barries speech, Donald Kennedy (a descendant of Bishop James Kennedy), with the help of James Doak who read the speech after its publication, approached Principal Sir James Irvine with the idea of re-forming the Procession, in the manner that Barrie had suggested. It is this format in which the Procession still survives to this day. In this way, the Procession that took place in 1926 paid honour to St Andrews rather than discrediting it as it had done in the 1880s.

Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (1861 - 1928) Earl Haig was born a patriotic Scot, and a member of a Fife family. He spent his early days in the St Andrews area; before going on to Clifton, and then Oxford. He then joined the 7th Hussars in 1885, and was made Commander in Chief of the British Army in France in 1915 leading the army in some of the bloodiest battles of the First World War. He achieved victory, but his generalship was much criticised for its loss of life. His first honour from the University came in 1916 when elected Rector, although he did not come to St Andrews to be installed until 1919. In 1921, Haig was asked to fill the vacant post of Chancellor, his reply was concise - Ill accept anything that will take me back to St Andrews. He was installed on the same day as J.M. Barrie was installed as Rector, due to his characteristic desire to limit unnecessary financial expense. He was the 30th Chancellor of the University; in the Procession he wears a Field Marshalls Uniform, with a replica of his Chancellors robe.

Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) Born near Oslo, Norway, Nansen entered the University of Oslo in 1881 reading zoology. His athletic ability, scientific interest and yearning for adventure resulted in him leading a polar expedition in 1895, getting closer to the North Pole than anyone previously. The resulting prominence within society allowed him to urge Norway in 1905 to seek independence from Sweden. After this success he became his countrys Minister to Great Britain until 1908. He was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work with the League of Nations on behalf of Greek refugees, the winnings of which he devoted to their relief. Nansen became Rector in 1926 where he continued his principle qualities of spirit of adventure, courage and self-reliance.

Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) Rudyard Kipling, the Nobel Prize winning author of The Jungle Book, Kim and Stalky and Co. was

31 COLLEGE ECHOESelected Rector in 1922. He started his career in India as assistant editor of the Civil and MilitaryGazette. It was on the sub continent that he set many of his tales, be they close observations of day-to-day military life, or the enchanting childrens tales that are still appreciated today. In 1916, Robert Bridges described him as the greatest living genius that we have. A popular writer, exposed to blazes of publicity when he returned to Britain, it could be said that Kipling was the first of the media rectors who are now synonymous with St Andrews.

Frank Muir (1920-1998) Frank Muir was elected Rector in November 1976. During his time as Rector, he gave generously to the University. His gifts included a humorous essay prize, still awarded today, on which the subject must be an aspect of University life. In addition he set up a Rectors fund to aid students through financial hardship and also to promote student welfare. He also provided a gown for his Assessor on Court. He received an LLD from the University in 1978, one of the rare occasions when this has been conferred on a Rector whilst still in office. Undoubtedly this was given for his services to the University and the students, to whom he made himself available in an unprecedented way. A particularly intelligent man who, by sheer ill-fortune of bad timing, had no qualifications to his name, he relished the opportunity to be associated with St Andrews. When reporting on his address, the then University newspaper Aien dubbed him the hardest working Rector in St Andrews history a justified title. In the Procession he wears a pink bow tie donated by his wife following his death.

John Marwood Otto Cleese (1939 - ) John Cleese was one of the finest Rectors of recent times. He was educated at Clifton College, and went on to Downing College, Cambridge. He started to tell jokes professionally in 1963- best known for his part in the ground breaking Monty Pythons Flying Circus. It is

his rectorial address was on the subject of On Cowardice an interesting reversal on J.M. Barries famous Courage address. Cleese was the first Rector to appoint a student to the position of Rectors Assessor a move that finally let undergraduates to have some power on Court. It is primarily for this reason that he is honoured in the Procession. In the Procession he is dressed as the man from the Ministry of Silly Walks.

IN MEMORIAM

Joseph Alistair Duthie (1917-1941) Joe as he was known to all at St Andrews from the Principal to Marie the chipper was born in Dumfries and attended Inverness Academy, where he gained numerous honours in both sporting and academic life. He graduated in 1939 with first class honours in Classics. Joe joined the Queens Own Cameron Highlanders in 1940. He wears the uniform of second lieutenant of this regiment. Sadly he was one of the first men from St Andrews to be killed in the Second World War on the 4th December 1941, at the Bir El Gubi. And so Joseph Duthie has been included in the Procession as a tribute to the many St Andrews students who lost their lives in the Second World War.

THE EQUIPAGE OF THE LADY KATHARINE

Kates Attendants The open 19th Century landau in which the Lady Katharine appears is announced by the military bugle of Kates Herald. This figure wears a tabard on which the heraldic arms of the Kennedy family are embroidered; the flag on his bugle shows the same motif. This is followed by the shield bearer of her uncle, Bishop James Kennedy, displaying the Kennedy arms three black crosslets fitched and a red chevron, all within a red tressure flory and counter flory, on a silver ground. Kates footman, and the page in blue and white livery, ride on the coach with her. Eight shields of the town and University are

32 COLLEGE ECHOEScarried beside the carriage by bejant standard bearers. A bejant, from the French bec-jeune yearling bird, is a first year male student.

The Six Shields of the University - The Shields represented are St Johns College a red eagle displayed with the motto In Principio within an orgle of red roses all on a silver ground; St Salvators College a gold orb on a red ground; St Marys College Pale; dexter the arms of the Beatons, sinster of Archbishop Hamilton with a centrally open book symbolising learning and a silver Fleurs-de-lys on a purple ground in the colour of Divinity; St Leonards College chevronny; black and red rose, with lions in support on silver, over which the figure of St Leonard; The United College per pale; dexter the arms of St Salvators sinster those of St Leonards; Madras College three silver bells and a chevron on a blue ground; University of Dundee a gold crown on a red chief surmounts per saltire blue and silver; Royal Burgh of St Andrews per pale; dexter St Andrews as a martyr, sinister oak tree and gold nuts and a grey boar.

Kates Jester - As for this funny fellow, in his red, yellow and black fools motley, who knows where he may be? Hes loaded with sweeties, so if you can find him, tell him a joke...

Bishop James Kennedy (c.1408-1465) Kennedy studied at St Andrews until 1430 when royal displeasure forced him to leave and continue he studies at Louvain. When the political situation had improved, Kennedy returned to St Andrews and became Bishop in 1440. As Bishop-Chancellor of the University he showed himself to be an able and shrewd administrator. In 1450, to strengthen St Andrews against the pull of its ancient academic rival, the University of Paris, Kennedy founded St Salvators College as a focus of University life. A scion of the royal house and described as the most distinguished Scotsman of his age, Kennedy enjoyed great prestige in national and church affairs, and was a member of the Kings Council (effectively the

Supreme Court of Law). In legend the uncle of Lady Katharine, Bishop Kennedy is buried in his College Chapel.

The Lady Katharine Kennedy - Katharine is the central figure of the Procession; yet we know very little about her history, and her connection with St Andrews. She was the daughter of Bishop Kennedys brother Gilbert, the 1st Lord Kennedy, and his wife Katharine. There is no documentary evidence that she ever came to St Andrews; but the bell of St Salvators College, cast in Paris for Bishop Kennedy, bears the inscription: That holy man, James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews, and founder of the College of the Holy Saviour, had me cast in the year 1460, giving me the name Katharine. Kates legend, however, has prevailed and the spring Procession has borne her name for centuries. So we ask you to join us to celebrate the new life of spring and the Lady Katharine - ever young in spirit.

I was a maid here ere you were man or boy; I shall be maid when who no more shall be;

I shall not perish - nay, I shall enjoyWhile years exist; I am Kate Kennedy.

THE LADY KATHARINE KENNEDYis played by the most promising bejant of the nine recently invited to join The Kate Kennedy Club. Until the Procession her identity is kept secret even from most members of the Club and Kate Kennedy Trust. Her shieldbearers are played by the other eight.

NEW BEJANTSHilaire BedierLeo Clayton

Angus GiddinsJoshua HopkinsFernando MalufOwain MortonJoseph Murray

Laurence PembertonRoland Walker

33 COLLEGE ECHOESON

INDEPENDENCEKIPLINGS RECTORIAL MESSAGE

n Kiplings biography prior to becoming rector little needs to be said; suffice to say he was one of the most eminently successful and qualified men ever to grace the position. I wish instead to discuss his rectorial address on inde-pendence. It is an address that has to some extent been overshadowed in the student psyche by J.M Barries speech on courage; a speech that had been delivered only the previous year. Yet it is an address that I feel has a prescience that has only increased as the years have passed and deserves renewed attention.

Rudyard Kipling wrote Independence to warn against the atmosphere in St Andrews respon-sible for removing a sense of personal inde-pendence; a thought that I am sure any current student can relate to. He proclaimed that, Now-adays, to own oneself in any decent measure, one has to run counter to a gospel, and to fight against its atmosphere; and an atmosphere, so long as it

On the 9th of October 1923 one of the great luminaries of literature, Rud-yard Kipling, arrived in St Andrews to cheering crowds to be installed as rector at a time when students were perhaps more enthused by the office.

can be kept up, is rather cloying. Kipling recog-nized that students were social beings and that often running counter to the gospel was easier said than done, yet it was this thought that held the basis for Kiplings entire address. He began by reminding students that in primitive times when their predecessors invented speech they used it for personal gain before resorting to tribal instincts. In other words Kipling urged stu-dents to be modern day hunter-gatherers rather than unthinking and unambitious members of social tribes.

Borrowing from Robert Burns Epistle to a Young Friend, Kipling talked of the glorious privilege of being independent, before arguing instead that by 1923 independence was no longer a privilege but a virtue, a sentiment even more true today in 2015. His address was a plea to those students willing to be independent, he de-clared: the power of the Tribe over the individual has become more extended, particular, pontifical, and, using the word in both senses, impertinent,

O

than it has been for many generations. Some men accept this omnipresence of crowds; some may re-sent it. It is to the latter that I am speaking. This idea of resenting the omnipresence of crowds rings particularly true of St Andrews today. In 1923, the Kate Kennedy Club had not