College and Career Terms

Leadership and Career Development

Miss Mann 2014

Technical SchoolAKA: Vocational Education

• 1-2 year school

Example Programs:• Cosmetology• Automotive Technology• HV/AC• Culinary Arts• Photography

• Technical School Programs• Technical Careers

Benefits of Technical Schools• Skill-Specific Education• Day/Night Classes• Lower Tuition Costs• Open Admissions Policy• More one-on-one instruction and hands-on experience.

Community College• 2 year school offering an Associate’s Degree

Benefits:• Low Tuition• Live at Home• Enter workforce sooner

Option 2:• Transfer to a University for a Bachelor’s DegreeExample: 2 years at BC3, 2 years at PITT

Bachelor/Baccalaureate (B.A. or B.S.)

A degree awarded by a college or university to a person who has completed __4 years__ of undergraduate studies.*2 years of liberal studies courses*2 years of major courses

Examples:• Education• Engineering• Marketing• Pre-med

What are Liberal Studies?Denotes a curriculum that imparts general knowledge and develops the student’s rational thought and intellectual capabilities.

• College Writing• Research Writing• Humanities and Literature• Fine Art Elective• Math

• Science with Lab• History and Geography• Psychology• Sociology• Philosophy• Technology Course• Other Electives

Majors ExploredSocial Sciences – Study of Human Society and Social Relationships• Psychology, Anthropology, Philosophy, Geography,

Sociology, CriminologyHumanities/Fine Arts – Imaginative, Aesthetic, or Intellectual Content• Art, Dance, Theater, Music, Visual Arts, Foreign

Languages, Cultural courses, Poetry, Literature, ReligionNatural Sciences – Deals with the physical world• Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Meteorology, Archaeology,

Geology

Art vs. Science

Bachelor of Arts1. General Education2. Core Courses3. Foreign language4. Theoretical Research5. Less Rigid

Psychology, Sociology, History, Law

Well-Rounded Graduate

Bachelor of Science1. General Education2. Core Courses3. Lab work w/ Accurate Results4. Computer and Technology OrientedMath, Science, Computers, Medicine

Highly Knowledgeable in Field of Study

4 year UniversitiesPrivate• Often Costs More• Sometimes Affiliated w/

Religions• Funding from Alumni and

Businesses

Public• Often Costs Less for In-

state students• Funded by Local and

State Governments

Bachelor’s Degree Graduation Requirements

• 120 credits• Average 4 years

Example Exams to become licensed or certified:• Teacher – 5 Praxis exams

- Math, Reading, Writing, 2 content area exams• Engineer – FE exam (8 hours) and PE Exam (8 hours)• Nurse – National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX-RN)• Architect – Architect Registration Exam – 7 exams

Master’s Degree (M.A. or M.S.)An academic degree given after completion of about__2 years__ of study beyond the bachelor's degree.

• Masters of Business Administration, MBA• Masters of Physical Therapy, MPA (changing to Doctorate)• Physician’s Assistant, P.A.• Masters in Education, M.Ed.

Master’s Degree RequirementsBEFORE:Take the entrance exam:GRE – Graduate Record Examination-analogy, antonym, reading comprehension, sentence completion, problem solving, and quantitative comparison.

DURING:Complete 30-36 credits, or 1-2 years of work

AFTER:Write a Thesis – a 30-50 page research paper*not always required

Law DegreeAn academic degree given after completion of __3 years __ of study beyond the bachelor's degree.

Steps to becoming a lawyer:1. Obtain any 4 year Bachelor’s degree2. Pass the L-SAT – Law School Admission Test3. Complete the 3 year law school4. Pass the Bar Exam to obtain licensure

Minimum # of years to become a lawyer: 7 years

Jurisdiction Doctorate• 4 years beyond Law School• Dissertation Required• Terminal Degree – highest level of law education

possible

4 year Bachelor’s Degree3 year Law Degree4 year Jurisdiction Doctorate Degree11 years total (sometimes completed in less time)

Research Doctorate Degree• Granted upon completion of extensive academic work

in a field of study.• It takes about __4__ years to complete the Ph.D

___Dissertation___• An original work ranging in length, per discipline,

from 50 to 800 pages• Published in Scholarly Journals or as a Book

• Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D.• Doctor of Education, Ed. D.• Doctor of Engineering, Eng. D.

Research DoctoratesWhat steps are necessary to earn a Ph.D.?1. Attend a 4 year university (Bachelors)2. Attend a 2 year graduate school (Masters)3. Complete a 4 year doctoral program4. Complete a Dissertation (_50-800_ pages)

How many total years? About 10 years

Professional Doctorate Degrees

• Research doctorates with a focus on applied research for professional purposes.

• Typically earned in _4_ years.• Most often do not require the Master’s Degree!

• Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, D.O.• Doctor of Medicine, M.D.• Doctor of Dental Medicine, D.M.D.• Doctor of Dental Surgery, D.D.S.• Doctor of Pharmacy, Pharm.D.

Residency• In-depth training for physicians after medical school.• Focuses on specific branches such as:

• Neurosurgery• Pediatrics• Cardiology

• Additional __2-7 years__ of training after obtaining the M.D.

***You are a paid physician at this time but it is still training, like an internship is for business students.

Attending Physician Requirements

Steps to becoming a Physician/Surgeon:1. Obtain a Bachelor’s degree in a Science Field2. Pass the M-CAT – Medical College Admission Test3. Complete the 4 year medical school4. Complete the 2-7 year residency5. Pass the United States Medical Licensing

Examination (USMLE) to obtain licensure, also known as the “Boards” exam

Minimum # of years to become an Attending: 10-17 years

What to consider when choosing a career:

1. Passion for the Field2. Related Skills3. Nature of the Work4. Working Conditions5. Job Outlook6. Salary/Benefits7. Degrees Required

Nature of the Work• What will you be doing?• What are your job responsibilities?

Example: Nurse1. Treat Patients2. Educating patients and the public about various

medical conditions 3. Record patients’ medical histories and symptoms 4. Help to perform diagnostic tests and analyze results 5. Operate medical machinery 6. Administer treatment and medications

Example Working ConditionsRegistered Nurse• Well-lighted, comfortable health care facilities • Considerable time walking and standing • 24-hour care • May work nights, weekends, and holidays • May be on call—available to work on short notice • Must observe rigid, standardized guidelines to guard

against disease and other dangers • May suffer emotional strain from observing patient

suffering

Job Outlook• Is there a good chance you will get a job right after

graduating from school?• Is the field competitive?• Is there a high turnover rate? (people quit often)

Example: Nurse• Job opportunities for RNs in all specialties are expected

to be excellent. • Registered nurses are projected to create the second

largest number of new jobs among all occupations.

Salary (Earnings) / BenefitsSalary• a fixed compensation periodically paid to a person for

regular work or services• May be paid once a week, every other week, or once a

month.Fringe Benefits• compensation that is not in the form of direct cash to a

worker • Health insurance, vision and dental insurance, life and

disability insurance, sick days, paid vacations, holidays, 401K, stocks, gas mileage, cell phone usage, company car, flexible work schedules, child care, tuition reimbursement, and bonuses

WEB RESOURCES

• Occupational Outlook Handbookwww.bls.gov/oco

• America’s Career Info Netwww.acinet.org

• Career Journalwww.careerjournal.com

• Career Builderwww.careerbuilder.com

• Careers and Collegeswww.careersandcolleges.com

BOOKS

• Occupational Outlook Handbook

• America’s Top Jobs

• America’s Fasting Growing Jobs

• 101 Careers

• Outdoor Careers

• America’s Federal Jobs

• Encyclopedia of Careers

• 200 Best Jobs for College Graduates

Assignment:

• Complete the OCO Assignment using the online Occupational Outlook Handbook

• Due: