cold war essential questions
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How was Europe divided? Western Europe democracies Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet Union Stalin wanted to spread communism Why? buffer zone from west Forced communist governments in Poland, Czechoslovakia Countries became known as satellites Led to iron- curtain imaginary line splitting communist from democraciesTRANSCRIPT
Cold War Essential Questions
What impact did World War II have on the development of democracy
in Germany and Japan? How did different political systems help
cause the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union? How did the
rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union involve other nations
around the world? How was Europe divided? Western Europe
democracies
Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet Union Stalin wanted to spread
communism Why? buffer zone from west Forced communist governments
in Poland, Czechoslovakia Countries became known as satellites Led
to iron- curtain imaginary line splitting communist from
democracies Who were the two Superpowers?
United States Soviet Union Western Nation Democracy Capitalist East
Communism Comparison of Market and Command Economies
Market Economy Command Economy Ownership All property including the
means of production are privately owned The government owns the
means of production, distribution and exchange Economic Decisions
Private businesses and individuals are free from public control so
that they can make basic economic decisions Government officials
make all basic economic decisions, such as what will be produced,
when and where Market Controls Prices are determined by supply and
demand. Competition promotes high quality and low prices The govt
plans the economy. There is limited production of consumer goods
Cold War Begins Conflicts in thinking and hostility between nations
led to Cold War Distrust between nations cold because armed
conflict between superpowers did not exist The Cold War What was
the US response to the Soviet expansion?
Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan 1947 Economic and military program
designed to help nations resist Soviets Sent aid to Greece and
Turkey 1947 Economic aid package designed to strengthen democracies
US sent billions to help democracies Why did the US support Greece
and Turkey?
Theory of containment Limiting communism Wanted to maintain pro-
democratic governments What crisis existed in Germany?
Germany divided into four zones Increased tensions Stalin blockaded
Berlin to force out Allies Leads to Berlin Airlift Berlin Blockade
and the Division of Germany
Leads to the Formation of a Free West Germany Opposing Alliances
NATO Warsaw Pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Western Europe Military & defensive alliance Consisted of
Soviet Union and satellites Military & defensive alliance Were
all countries aligned?? NO!
Nonaligned Nations not allied with US or USSR Non aligned nations
wanted to reduce world tensions Yugoslavia, India, African Nations,
China, South East Asia US & USSR offer military and economic
aid to gain influence in the developing world How did people react
in Eastern Europe?
Hungarian Revolt 1956 Imre Nagy nationalist Ended 1 party rule/
withdrew from Warsaw Pact Czechoslovakia Revolt 1968 Alexander
Dubcek Eased censorship/ new constitution Soviet Union used force
to put down both rebellions Race Time Arms Race Space Race Buildup
of atomic weapons
Raised levels of tension Raised fears among public Feared
destruction of the world Soviets launch Sputnik, a satellite
orbited the Earth 58- American Satellite (NASA) 61- Soviets man in
space 69- US man on the moon Where did conflicts exist around the
world?
East Asia Middle East Africa Latin America East Asia Korean War
Vietnam War 1950-1953 North Korea Soviets
South Korea Americans North Korea tried to unite country under
communism UN forces pushed back surge Divided at 38th parallel
North Communist (Ho Chi Minh) South Democratic North Vietnam tried
to unite country under communism Americansunable to push out forces
United under communist control in 1975 The Vietnam War North
Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh, was communist and backed by the Soviet
Union. South Vietnam, led by Ngo Dinh Diem, was democratic and
backed by the U.S. Video Clip: Platoon The Uncertain Enemy Jungle
warfare was difficult, and it was hard to locate the enemy. In
addition, it was very difficult to identify which South Vietnamese
were our allies and which were supporting the Vietcong. Ex Vietcong
showing secret tunnels, November 7, 2004 Many South Vietnamese
distrusted Diem and joined the Vietcong, a communist guerilla group
supported by North Vietnam. An execution of a Vietcong prisoner
Feb. 1, 1968 Vietnam War 1959-1975 US sent troops to contain
Communism
US loses, Vietnam to become Communist Middle East Arab States &
Israel Iran & Iraq
Gamal Abdel Nasser leader in Arab Egypt Nationalized Suez Canal
Built Aswan Dam w/ help from Soviets Israel supported by Americans
Fought two wars Rivalry over oil US supported The Cold War in Latin
America
Causes of Cuban Revolution 1959 1. Political: Rule by Repressive
Dictator Corruption and bribery of government officials. 2.
Economic: Unequal distribution of wealth High unemployment Foreign
influence by US Result: Fidel Castro uses guerrilla army and
establishes a communist dictatorship What was the Bay of Pigs?
1961--indecision, embarrassment for Kennedy.
On April 17, 1961, about 1,500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles launched
the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba failed attempt to
overthrow the government of Fidel Castro What was the Cuban Missile
Crisis?
Castro turns to Soviet Union for support The Soviet Union began to
build missile bases in Cuba Kennedy responds with Naval Blockade
Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles
from Cuba, and the U.S. agreed not to invade Cuba. Video: Cuban
Missile Crisis (1:09)
"That Tuesday the first of thirteen days of decision unlike any
other in the Kennedy years or, indeed, inasmuch as this was the
first direct nuclear confrontation, unlike any other in the history
of our planet." Theodore Sorensen, aide to Pres. Kennedy Pres.
Kennedy announced that American warships would stop any Soviet ship
carrying missiles. Collapse of Communism and the Soviet Union How
were tensions eased during the Cold War?
Nixon and Brezhnev promoted a period of dtente: lessening of
tensions Involved arms controls and treaties Cultural exchanges
Trade agreements Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?
Dtente ended with the invasion in 1979 Wanted to maintain a
procommunist government Increased tensions Mikhail Gorbachev in the
Soviet Union
1985: Pulled troops out of Afghanistan Move away from Command
economy Goal: Reformed government and economy Why? Economic
problems leading to political problems Communism failing as an
economic system Underproduction/poor quality/ unable to motivate
workers Gorbachev Perestroika: Glasnost:
goal restructure and stimulate the economy Free market reforms
Small privately owned businesses similar to Lenins NEP/local
managers more decision making Negative effects: Inflation
increased/ shortage of food Glasnost: Openness to democratic ideas
Ended censorship and encouraged discussion Germany and Poland
Poland 1989 Berlin Wall torn down
1990 free elections in East and West Germany Unification of Germany
in 1990 Effects Of Reunification of Germany West German Economy
hurt by reunification to modernize East Germany Major recession
Poland Economic problems cause unrest Lech Walesa: led workers
Solidarity movement Became president after first free elections in
1989 Eastern Europe Transformed
Between 1989 to 1991 Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania, and Bulgaria
held free elections. Romania overthrew and executed their brutal
president Nicolae Ceausescu who refused to have free elections. In
1991 the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO Chernobyl
nuclear accident All eastern European nations as well as the Soviet
Republics had great difficulty switching from communism to
capitalism: high inflation and high unemployment. The Fall of the
Soviet Union
Causes Effects Leadership of Gorbachev Glasnost Perestroika
Economic problems Freedom movements in Eastern Europe Loss of role
as superpower End of Cold War Economic hardships Conflicts between
democrats and communists December 1991 Collapse of Soviet
Union
15 Republics are formed Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Boris Yeltsin Becomes President of Russia Shock Therapy sharp
switch from a command toa market economy Boris Yeltsin Transition
from communism to democracy
Transition from communism to free market 1993/ 1994 hyperinflation
800% High unemployment Severe shortages/high crime 1991 War in
Chechnya/demanded independence/rebel battles/still going on today
1999 Replaced by Putin/new president former KGB agent Vladimir
Putin- 1999 Sought new relationships with West
Signed nuclear arms reduction agreement with US