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a. The reasoning he used is that America should be the forerunner in the process andthat they have common interests because they breathe the same air.

4. How did Kennedy explain his contention that Moscow could be counted on to abide bysuch a treaty?

a. They have an interest in just peace and not having an arms race.5.

How did Kennedy demonstrate the good faith of the US in his proposal for a treaty?a. He said that they would never be the first ones to start a war.

40 | Kennedys Berlin Speech: Ich bin ein Berliner, June 19631. How did the tone of Kennedys Berlin address differ from that of his speech American

University? Why would he deliver so strident an anti-communist address so soon after hisPeace Speech.

a. He was coming off of a tumultuous month and this was his chance to have anemotional rallying call.

2. In what ways did Kennedys speech make us of the propaganda advantage granted by theWest by the building of the Berlin Wall?

a.

The wall was turned into a symbol and that was very important for the peaceprocess.3. In the context of this address, how would Kennedy define the crucial issue preventing

resolution of the German Question?a. The crucial issue was not allowing democracy to form because of the German

Question of what would happen to East Berlin.4. Listening to this speech only sixteen days after Kennedys American University speech, what

might Khrushchev have thought?a. Khrushchev was confused

5. What examples of Cold War rhetoric were present in this speech? What sort of threats wereabsent from it?

6. How did this address forecast the eventual solution of the German Question and the end ofthe Cold War?

41 | The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: August 19631. Why was the requirement for international inspection the focus of Soviet objections to a ban

on nuclear testing?2. Why were underground tests not covered by the treaty? For what reasons would the Soviets

be pleased with this exclusion?3. Why were outer space tests covered by the treaty, despite the fact that existing technology

could not perform such tests?4. What was paragraph 2 of Article 1 attempting to prevent?

42 | The Sino-Soviet Split: 1960-19631. What was the nature of the dispute between the Soviet and Chinese Communists? What

were the main issues involved?2. Who were the actual revisionists referred to in Long Live Leninism, and why did the

Chinese Communists resent them?3. How and why did the Chinese position on peaceful coexistence differ from the Soviet

position?

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4. At the 22nd Party Congress, why did Khrushchev attack Albania? Why did he not criticizeChina directly? Why did the Chinese object to the attack on Albania?

Walker | Outline of Chapters1. PM Harold Macmillans message to newly elected Kennedy:

Macmillan made clear his conviction that economics lay at the very heart of theconfrontation with Communism.

a. The new form of capitalism: This new form would make the fullest use of ourresources and result in a steady expansion of our economic strength. If it failed,

Macmillan said Communism would triumph because it would seem like a better

option to the people. (i.e. THE MIXED ECONOMYdepends on a blend of

private enterprise and strategic intervention by the state)

2. Summary of the growing U.S. Defense budget:The defense budget was for the first two decade of the Cold War about half the size of the

entire British economy and the ability to control and direct this amount of money also gave

them a large amount of power.3. Examples of the industrial geographic shift to the south and west:

Shifting the defense industries to the Sunbelt.

4. U.S. and gold:At the end of WWII, the US held 60% of the worlds gold reserves. By 1949, the USs share

rose to 72% because of repayment of loans.

5. Growth of U.S. standing army:The army grew because of the Korean and Vietnam war but the standing army stood at

around 1 million strong.

6. Examples of the interdependence of the Western world:Investment by American companies in the Western worldprivate - $150 billion a year.

They were not made by government but by entrepreneurs.

7. Growth of the multinational:8. Moscows study of Kennedys inaugural address:9. Kennedys new crash program

a. Modification of the retaliation doctrine:Conventional forces of men and ships and warplanes were to be increased, along

with the airlift capacity to deploy them.

b. New crises in the Congo, Laos and Angola:c. Yuri Gregarin

10.Bay of Pigsa. How it failedb. Castros response to the invasionc. Contradiction the invasion represented with Kennedys Latin America policy

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d. Le Mondeand Pravdaresponsese. Role of the U.S. and western media

11.Kennedys Freedom Doctrinea. NATO members responsesb. De Gaulles advise to Kennedy

12.Kennedy and Khrushchev Talks at Viennaa. Kennedys ailmentsb. The Third Worldc. U.S. and Soviet intervention in developing nationsd. Bickering over Berline. MacMillans gloomy projection

13.Military preparedness with Berlin in minda. Khrushchevs actionsb. Kennedys actions

14.Senator Fulbrights speech and Kennedys reaction to it15.The Wall16.General Clays standoff with the Soviets17.Aftermath of the Wall