Coevolution:Coevolution:

• A change in the genetic composition A change in the genetic composition of one species (or group) in response of one species (or group) in response to a genetic change in anotherto a genetic change in another

• Examples:Examples:– Predator/prey (Ex. Lion & Gazelle)Predator/prey (Ex. Lion & Gazelle)– Competitive species Competitive species (Ex. College (Ex. College

Admissions)Admissions)

Symbiosis:Symbiosis:

• A relationship between 2 or more A relationship between 2 or more species where one lives in or on species where one lives in or on another species.another species.

• 3 different types.3 different types.

1. Mutualism: 1. Mutualism: • Benefits both species in a Benefits both species in a

relationship. (like when you have relationship. (like when you have mutual respect for someone).mutual respect for someone).

• Example: Aphids and antsExample: Aphids and ants

• Legumes and Nitrogen-Fixating Legumes and Nitrogen-Fixating Bacteria:Bacteria:

Flowering plants and pollinators:Flowering plants and pollinators:

Bacteria live in the roots of certain plants like soy beans. They take nitrogen out of the air and make it usable for the plants. Both benefit from the relationship.

Pollinators are given food and

The plants are able to reproduce

Both benefit from the relationship.

2. Commensalism 2. Commensalism

• One partner benefits without any One partner benefits without any effect to the other. effect to the other.

Example: Epiphytic plants grow on other plants to reach sunlight. The other plants are not affected by their presence.

3. Parasitism:3. Parasitism:

• One species hurts the other species. One species hurts the other species. One species can be killed after a One species can be killed after a certain amount of time. certain amount of time.

• Example: Human and bacteria Example: Human and bacteria infections.infections.

Under your notes number 1-4Under your notes number 1-4You will answer mutualism, parasitism, You will answer mutualism, parasitism, or commensalism for the next 4 or commensalism for the next 4 examples given.examples given.

• Example 1: Example 1:

In a marine environment algae can be In a marine environment algae can be found living on coral. Algae provides found living on coral. Algae provides the coral with inorganic nutrients and the coral with inorganic nutrients and the coral provides the algae with the coral provides the algae with shelter.shelter.

Mutualism

• Example 2:Example 2:

Cats can become infested with fleas. Cats can become infested with fleas. The fleas bite and drink the blood of The fleas bite and drink the blood of the cat for food.the cat for food.

Parasitism

• Some fruits hitch-hike on the fur of Some fruits hitch-hike on the fur of animals. This allows the fruit and animals. This allows the fruit and seeds of the plant to be dispersed seeds of the plant to be dispersed around the area. around the area.

Commensalism

STOPSTOP

Worksheet Answers:Worksheet Answers:

• 5. Parasitism 5. Parasitism • 6. Commensalism 13. Hunting deer, 6. Commensalism 13. Hunting deer,

• 14. Pet owners14. Pet owners• 7. Mutualism 15. taking bee honey7. Mutualism 15. taking bee honey• 8. Mutualism 16. 8. Mutualism 16. viruses, bacteria viruses, bacteria

• 9. Commensalism 17. ants and acacias9. Commensalism 17. ants and acacias• 10. Parasitism 18. epiphytic plants, 10. Parasitism 18. epiphytic plants,

barnaclesbarnacles• on whaleson whales• 11. Parasitism11. Parasitism• 12. Mutualism12. Mutualism

Exit Ticket Answers:Exit Ticket Answers:• 1. 1. Mutualism:Mutualism: When the bees spread pollen it When the bees spread pollen it

helps the flowers reproduce. Flowers need helps the flowers reproduce. Flowers need pollen to make new seeds. The bees in return pollen to make new seeds. The bees in return get nectar. So both benefit its MUTUAL.get nectar. So both benefit its MUTUAL.

• 2. 2. Parasitism:Parasitism: One species is harmed, the dog, One species is harmed, the dog, and the heartworms get food from the dog and and the heartworms get food from the dog and are able to live and reproduces. Therefore the are able to live and reproduces. Therefore the dog is hurt and the heartworm benefits.dog is hurt and the heartworm benefits.

• 3. 3. Mutualism:Mutualism: The mites have a place to live The mites have a place to live and feed and the millipedes are kept clean. and feed and the millipedes are kept clean. There for the relationship is MUTUAL, both There for the relationship is MUTUAL, both benefit.benefit.

Word Definition

1.Cooperative Relationship

*(like when we cooperate, or when we work with a horse to plow a field)

1. A relationship where species or individuals work together to survive (capture prey, gather food, protection).

2. Competitive Relationships

*(like when football teams compete for a championship)

2. A relationship where species or individuals compete for resources such as food, water, land, and mates.

Competitive and Cooperative Competitive and Cooperative Relationships:Relationships:

• Remember Mutualism, Remember Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism? Commensalism, and Parasitism?

• Which one represents a cooperative Which one represents a cooperative relationship?relationship?

Think, Pair, ShareThink, Pair, Share

• 1. Write Cooperative on one side of a 1. Write Cooperative on one side of a piece of paper and competitive on the piece of paper and competitive on the other side.other side.

• 2. Share your answer with the person 2. Share your answer with the person next to you.next to you.

• 3. Hold the paper up silently for the 3. Hold the paper up silently for the teacher to see.teacher to see.

• 4. Smile when you get the correct 4. Smile when you get the correct answer!answer!

Competitive or Cooperative?Competitive or Cooperative?

• Eagles need a vast amount of area to Eagles need a vast amount of area to feed themselves and their young. feed themselves and their young. Due to this when 2 eggs are laid the Due to this when 2 eggs are laid the strongest baby born will kill the strongest baby born will kill the other.other.

Competitive

Competitive or CooperativeCompetitive or Cooperative

• A group of monarch butterflies is A group of monarch butterflies is flying south to the mountains of flying south to the mountains of Mexico for winter. Along the way they Mexico for winter. Along the way they stop and feed on milkweed (makes stop and feed on milkweed (makes them taste nasty to birds). Another them taste nasty to birds). Another insect, the milkweed beetle, also fees insect, the milkweed beetle, also fees on milkweed in the southern states. on milkweed in the southern states. What type of relationship?What type of relationship?

Competitive

• A group of ants live on acacia plants. A group of ants live on acacia plants. They provide the plant protection They provide the plant protection from plant eating animals and in turn from plant eating animals and in turn receive nectar to eat. What type of receive nectar to eat. What type of relationship?relationship?

Cooperative

Cooperative or Competitive?Cooperative or Competitive?

• In the African Sahara desert the dry In the African Sahara desert the dry season can be devastating for many season can be devastating for many animals. The water holes can animals. The water holes can become overcrowded with buffalo, become overcrowded with buffalo, antelope, gazelles, elephants, and antelope, gazelles, elephants, and giraffes etc. giraffes etc.

Competitive

Ws Answers:Ws Answers:• 2. cooperate with cows for milk, with dogs 2. cooperate with cows for milk, with dogs

and cats, with house plants.and cats, with house plants.• 3. Cooperative relationships provide 3. Cooperative relationships provide

animals and plants with a better chance for animals and plants with a better chance for survival. They are able to get resources survival. They are able to get resources such as food, shelter, and protection easier such as food, shelter, and protection easier by cooperation.by cooperation.

• 5. Humans compete with almost all animals 5. Humans compete with almost all animals and plants for land. any animals are being and plants for land. any animals are being pushed out of their homes due to housing pushed out of their homes due to housing for humans.for humans.

• 6. 3 Causes: For mates, For food and water, 6. 3 Causes: For mates, For food and water, For landFor land

• 1. Competitive1. Competitive

• 2. Cooperative2. Cooperative

• 3. Competitive3. Competitive

• 4. Competitive4. Competitive

• 5. Cooperative5. Cooperative

• 6. Competitive6. Competitive

• 7. Competitive7. Competitive

Exit Ticket Answers:Exit Ticket Answers:

• 1. Competitive (they are competing for food)1. Competitive (they are competing for food)

• 2. Cooperative (They are working together to2. Cooperative (They are working together to

• get food)get food)

• 3. Competitive (They are competing for mates3. Competitive (They are competing for mates

• E.C.E.C.

• 1. Mutualism (they are working together for 1. Mutualism (they are working together for

• protection)protection)

• 2. Parasitism (Mosquitoes harm the other 2. Parasitism (Mosquitoes harm the other species)species)

Competitive RelationshipsCompetitive Relationships

Intraspecific:

Same species

Interspecific:

Diffn’t species

Video ClipVideo Clip

Word DefinitionWord Definition

1. Intraspecific Competition (within same species)

1. Competition between members of the same species for mates or resources.

Example: Two male dragonflies competing for land OR overpopulated deer competing for grass.

2. Interspecific Competition

(between species)

2. Competition between diffn’t species of animals for resources.

Example: Humans competing with wild animals for land.

A deer and bison competing with each other for grazing land.

Think, Pair, ShareThink, Pair, Share

• 1. Write down the answer silently on 1. Write down the answer silently on your chalkboardyour chalkboard

• 2. Share with the person next to you.2. Share with the person next to you.

• 3. Hold up board silently for teacher 3. Hold up board silently for teacher to see.to see.

• 4. Erase answer and wait silently for 4. Erase answer and wait silently for next question.next question.

Intraspecific or Intraspecific or Interspecific?Interspecific?

• A deer and a bison compete for the A deer and a bison compete for the same grass during the fall months.same grass during the fall months.

Interspecific

Intra or Inter?Intra or Inter?

• 1. A male lion has a herd of 4 female 1. A male lion has a herd of 4 female lions. He is approached and lions. He is approached and challenged by another male lion for challenged by another male lion for the herd.the herd.

Intraspecific

Intra or Inter?Intra or Inter?

• 5 bluebirds are nesting in the same 5 bluebirds are nesting in the same are. A Drought hits the area and are. A Drought hits the area and most of the grubs they feed on die. most of the grubs they feed on die. What type of competition will this What type of competition will this result in?result in?

Intraspecific

• A hippo, elephant, lion, and herd of A hippo, elephant, lion, and herd of buffalo are all competing for the buffalo are all competing for the same water hole. What type of same water hole. What type of competition is this?competition is this?

Interspecific

1. Snakes living in the area eat rodents 1. Snakes living in the area eat rodents such as mice. Large prey birds such such as mice. Large prey birds such as owls also eat mice. What type of as owls also eat mice. What type of competition?competition?

Inter

• A species of rabbit has had a boom in A species of rabbit has had a boom in its population one year. The grass its population one year. The grass they feed on has slowly become they feed on has slowly become depleted from the constant eating of depleted from the constant eating of the rabbits. What type of the rabbits. What type of competition?competition?

Intra