cobalt - blood chemistry

8/14/2019 Cobalt - Blood Chemistry

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Cobalt

By: Mary Joy Ching


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Trace Elements they are metallic or non-metallic

minerals

also known as micronutrients and arefound only in minute quantities in thebody yet they are vitally important.

Ex. Iron Copper Zinc


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Ultratrace Elements is a chemical element that normally

comprises less than one microgram per gram of a given organism.

Ex. Cobalt Chromium Fluoride Manganese Molybdenum Selenium

Iodine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgram


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Cobalt

a trace element mineral whose mainfunction is in vitamin B12

is found in all cells but occurs in largequantities in bone marrow where it isrequired for the production of red bloodcells.

it was thought that cobalt in humans wasfound only as a constituent of vitamin B12(cobalamin )


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Cobalt

It is an integral part of Vitamin B12(cobalamin), which is necessary for myelinformation

an insulating layer found around nerves,to supports red blood cell production,and it is also essential for themetabolism of fats, carbohydrates, thesynthesis of proteins, and theconversion of folate to its active form.

The average adult body contains: 2 to 5 mg of Vitamin B12

usually found in the liver.


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Vitamin B12 is a water soluble vitamin with a key role inthe normal functioning of

Brain Nervous system

Erythropoiesis It is normally involved in the metabolism of

every cell of the body DNA regulation and synthesis Fatty acid synthesis Cyanocobalamin is an especially common

vitamer of the B-12 vitamin family .

Famous among the vitamer family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin


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Recommendation

No RDA or Estimated Safe and

Adequate Daily Dietary Intake hasbeen set for cobalt.


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Dietary Source Dietary sources of cobalt are the same as vitaminB12, such as

fermented foods where the bacteria producethe vitamin

Organ meats are the best source of vitaminB12 (liver, kidney, heart, and pancreas),

Seafood (clams, oysters) extra-lean beef Eggs Milk Yogurt Chicken Cheese miso (a fermented soybean product).


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Clinical Manifestation Vitamin B 12 deficiency is associated with

hematologic, neurologic, and psychiatricmanifestations

common cause of Normochromic macrocytic Megaloblastic

anemia pancytopenia.

Paresthesias Peripheral neuropathy Demyelination of corticospinal tract and

the dorsal column


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Reference Value

0.11 0.45 ug/ml

Toxicity Characteristic Gastrointestinal

Function Cardiomyopathy


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Others

Since the primary sources of vitaminB12 in the diet are animal products

vegetarians have a high risk of developing B12 deficiency.

Therefore, it is recommended tosupplement in order to prevent thevitamin B12 deficiency.


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Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach

. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 Pernicious anemia

is a form of megaloblastic anemia due tovitamin B-12 deficiency , caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B-12 due to the immune destruction of intrinsic factor in the setting of atrophic gastritis , and more specifically of loss

of gastric parietal cells . Megaloblastic anemia

is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) which results frominhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production. [1] This is often due to deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid .

Folic acid and folate are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9 , essential to

numerous bodily functions ranging from nucleotide biosynthesis to the re methylation of homocysteine . It isespecially important during periods of rapid cell division and

growth .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B-12_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_gastritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocytic_anaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-solublehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitaminshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_nutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_nutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitaminshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-solublehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocytic_anaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_gastritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B-12_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein

cobalt - blood chemistry

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