Coastal Management Issues and Strategies:

State and MunicipalBiology 561

Barrier Island Ecology

State Coastal Zone Management Programs

• North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA)– Began with diversity of agency responsibilities

and a time-consuming, cumbersome permits program

• Texas Coastal Management Program (CMP)– Permits program

• The Florida Coastal Management Program (FCMP)– Consists of network of 23 Florida Statutes administered by eleven state agencies and four water management districts.

State Coastal Zone Management Programs

• Oregon Coastal Management Program– Oregon's Coastal

Management Program Approved in 1977

• Louisiana Coastal Zone Management Program– Louisiana State and Local

Resources Management Act of 1978 is key legislation

Grants Programs for Local Governments

– local hazard mitigation planning

– beach access improvement

– waterfront revitalization

– waterfront access creation and enhancement

– pollution prevention

– habitat inventories

– land protection planning

– environmental research

– environmental remediation

Coastal Recreation & Tourism Projects

• Florida Sea Grant established low power radio station that provides motorists and boaters with information about Florida Bay

• In Delaware, federal, state and private interests have embarked on effort to bring nature-based tourism (or ecotourism) to the forefront in the state

• Marine Services guide to Georgia coast created for disseminating information to boating tourists and recreational anglers

Community Assistance

• The community assistance unit of the Florida Coastal Management Program provides technical assistance and training aimed at improving management and enhancing public understanding of coastal resources.

Estuarine Research Reserve Programs

• Cooperative program between state coastal environmental agencies and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

• The goal of the program is to establish, protect, and manage natural estuarine habitats for research and education

Coastal Preserves

• Texas Coastal Preserves– Coastal Preserve Program protects unique

coastal areas and fragile biological communities, including important colonial bird nesting sites

– Currently, there are four coastal preserves

• North Carolina Reserves– N.C. Coastal Reserve program sets aside

undeveloped coastal lands and waters for research, education and public use

– Currently, there are nine coastal Reserves

Public Recreational Access

• North Carolina Public Access program– The North Carolina General Assembly

established the Public Beach and Coastal Waterfront Access Program by providing matching grants to local governments for projects designed to improve pedestrian access to the state's beaches, estuarine beaches and waterways.

• Texas has adopted a coastal access plan– Working with communities to identify current

public access sites, to make recommendations for improving shoreline access, and to publish a beach and bay access guide

Oil Spill Prevention and Response Program

• In Texas, coastal interests have established:– Facility to receive oily bilge water from

recreational boats– Practice and drill in responding to

spills – A study of factors responsible for oil

spills– Education program for people

concerning impact of spills

Beach Cleanup

• New York: Coastal Cleanup Day– Part of international beach

cleanup program

• Texas: Adopt-A-Beach program– All volunteer– Texas’ beaches receive huge

amount of debris

• North Carolina: Beach Sweep• Massachusetts: COASTSWEEP

Non-point Pollution Control Program (NH)

• Technical assistance to state, regional and local agencies regarding control measures

• Public education and public participation opportunities for non-point source control

• Long-term water quality monitoring and research support in the coastal area

Planning and Monitoring

• Port and Harbor Planning in the Massachusetts Coastal Zone– encourage the creation or expansion of water-

dependent facilities in developed port and harbor areas

• Massachusetts Marine Monitoring and Research Program– proactively monitoring water quality and sources of

contamination and creating models to predict future impacts

• Gulf Ecological Management Site (GEMS)– The GEMS Program is initiative of the Gulf of Mexico

Program (GMP) and the five GOM states – Goal is to conserve, restore, enhance and create Gulf

of Mexico habitats

Planning and Monitoring

• The New York District Corps of Engineers, in partnership with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the States of New York and New Jersey, and the City of New York are working together to evaluate the navigational needs of the Port of New York over the next 50 years.

• Maryland has prepared a “Sea Level Rise Response Strategy for the State”

Cultural Resource Management Programs

• Massachusetts Board of Underwater Archaeological Resources – the sole trustee of the

Commonwealth's underwater heritage, promoting and protecting the public's interests in these resources for recreational, economic, environmental, and historical purposes

Examples of Individual State Laws

• Texas Open Beaches Act – Use And Maintenance Of Public Beaches

• Texas Dune Protection Act – Establishing and Location of Dune

Protection Line

• The Oregon Removal-Fill Law – regulates alterations to estuaries, lakes

and other waterways

• The Oregon Beach Bill – regulates uses and alterations along the

ocean shore.