climate change impact on freshwater ecosystems in latvia gunta spriņģe, institute of biology,...
TRANSCRIPT
Climate Change Impact on Freshwater Ecosystems in
Latvia
Gunta Spriņģe,
Institute of Biology, University of Latvia
BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
CLIMATE CHANGE
PHYSICAL CHANGES OF WATERS
CHEMICAL CHANGES OF WATERS
Climate change impact to freshwaters physical features:
- increase in water temperature;
- decrease in number of ice days;
- changes in river water discharge;
- increase of extreme phenomena
etc.
Character of annual mean air temperature (1928 – 2003) at meteorological stations near to long-term ecological research sites (River Salaca, Lake Engure)
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
1928
1933
1938
1943
1948
1953
1958
1963
1968
1973
1978
1983
1988
1993
1998
2003
vid.
tem
p.,o
C
Ainaži
Rūjiena
Mērsrags
-2,0 -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0
Ziema
Pavasaris
Vasara
Rudens
Gada
Rūjiena
Mērsrags
Ainaži
Mann-Kendall test statistics for seasonal temperatures for time period 1928 - 2003
Number ox extremely wet days (Riga-University meteorological station)
0
1
2
3
4
5
1851
1856
1861
1866
1871
1876
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1886
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1901
1906
1911
1916
1921
1926
1931
1936
1941
1946
1951
1956
1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
year
day
s
• Chemical changes:
- decreased oxygen content (epecially – in summer low water period);
- incresed conductivity;
- increased water colour
etc.
Changes of dissolved oxygen and water temperature (annual mean
1980 – 2008) of the River Salaca
10,0
10,5
11,0
11,5
12,0
12,5
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13,5
14,0
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Oxy
gen,
mg/
l
6
7
8
9
10
11
Tem
pera
ture
, ToC
O2 ToC Linear (O2) Linear (ToC)
-3,00 -2,00 -1,00 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
Normalised test statistic O2 Normalised test statistic To
Long term trends of dissolved oxygen and temperature to Mann-Kendall normalized test statistic (1980-2008)
Long-term (1996-2005) changes of water chemical composition after Mann-Kendall test (N- number of observations; coloured p<0.05; italic – p<0.1)
Monitoring station Color
COD* (TOC) pH N-NO3
- P-PO43- HCO3
- SO42- Mg2+ Na+
Salaca2.90
N = 1092.56
N = 81-1.94
N = 109-0.83
N = 109-0.51
N = 107-0.54
N = 83-2.61
N = 83-1.36
N = 83-0.38
N = 85
Gauja 1.97
N = 111-0.06
N = 82-1.09
N = 111-1.20
N = 111-0.30
N = 111-0.39
N = 92-3.02
N = 92-2.19
N = 920.67
N = 92
Daugava2.41
N = 740.87
N = 50-0.58
N = 740.11
N = 740.26
N = 742.06
N = 63-1.99
N = 630.54
N = 631.50
N = 63
Aiviekste2.42
N = 711.88
N = 47-0.80
N = 710.55
N = 71-1.63
N = 711.14
N = 45-1.42
N = 45-1.09
N = 45-1.28
N = 45
Dubna1.53
N = 712.28
N = 47-1.94
N = 71-1.29
N = 71-0.23
N = 711.27
N = 45-1.72
N = 45-1.71
N = 45-0.90
N = 45
Lielā Jugla2.69
N = 941.28
N = 94-2.36
N = 94-1.33
N = 94-1.34
N = 940.07
N = 94-2.76
N = 94-2.00
N = 94-1.50
N = 94
Lielupe2.65
N = 1111.51
N = 81-0.73
N = 111-0.39
N = 110-1.48
N = 111-0.13
N = 87-1.83
N = 86-2.20
N = 87-1.59
N = 87
Iecava1.61
N = 772.19
N = 49-1.51
N = 77-0.04
N = 771.17
N = 76-1.24
N = 26-1.61
N = 18-1.64
N = 26-0.47
N = 26
Venta2.29
N = 851.51
N = 56 -1.42
N = 84-2.01
N = 85-1.26
N = 851.41
N = 78-2.98
N = 78-0.37
N = 781.14
N = 78
Irbe2.56
N = 931.93
N = 64-1.74
N = 92-2.07
N = 93-0.46
N = 931.26
N = 84-3.12
N = 840.03
N = 840.40
N = 84
Tebra -0.12
N = 721.34
N = 45-2.44
N = 67-0.93
N = 70-1.64
N = 72-1.73
N = 180.26
N = 18-1.85
N = 18-0.52
N = 18
Changes of total and cyanobacterial biomasses, particulate organic carbon (POC) and total organic carbon (TOC) at the sampling site Vecate (River Salaca outflow) in 2008
Vecate
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9
21.-
22.0
1.20
08
20.-
21.0
2.20
08
18.-
19.0
3.20
08
22.-
23.0
4.20
08
22.-
23.0
5.20
08
16.-
17.0
6.20
08
23.-
26.0
7.20
08
19.-
20.0
8.20
08
23.-
24.0
9.20
08
21.-
22.1
0.20
08
25-
26.1
1.20
08
17-
18.1
2.20
08
tota
l an
d c
yan
ob
acte
rial
bio
mas
s,
mg
/l;
PO
C,
mg
/l
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
TO
C,
mg
/l
Total Cyanobacteria POC TOC
Vecate
0.000
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
16
.-1
7.0
1.2
00
7
21
.02
.20
07
21
.-2
2.0
3.2
00
7
23
.-2
4.0
4.2
00
7
21
.-2
2.0
5.2
00
7
19
.-2
0.0
6.2
00
7
30
.-3
1.0
7.2
00
7
21
.-2
2.0
8.2
00
7
19
.-2
0.0
9.2
00
7
24
.-2
5.1
0.2
00
7
21
.-2
2.1
1.2
00
7
18
.-1
9.1
2.2
00
7
21
.-2
2.0
1.2
00
8
20
.-2
1.0
2.2
00
8
18
.-1
9.0
3.2
00
8
22
.-2
3.0
4.2
00
8
22
.-2
3.0
5.2
00
8
16
.-1
7.0
6.2
00
8
23
.-2
6.0
7.2
00
8
19
.-2
0.0
8.2
00
8
23
.-2
4.0
9.2
00
8
21
.-2
2.1
0.2
00
8
25
-26
.11
.20
08
17
-18
.12
.20
08
tota
l b
iom
ass,
mg
/l;
Nto
t, m
g/l
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
PO
43-,
mg
/l
Total N tot PO43-
Changes of total algal biomass and nutrient Ntot and P-PO4
3- concentrations at sampling site Vecate (River Salaca outflow) in 2007-2008
Synchronous fluorescence spectra of water sample from River Salaca at sampling station Vecsalaca
0
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900
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Viļņu garums, nm
Fluo
resc
ence
s in
tens
itāt
e
marts, 08
aprīlis, 08
maijs, 08
jūnijs, 08
jūlijs, 08
augusts, 08
septembris, 08
oktobris, 08
novembris, 08
decembris, 08
janvāris, 09
februāris, 09
marts, 09
Structural and functional changes of water biota
• Changes of algae species composition;
• Changes of development aquatic vegetation;
• Changes of fish species structure
etc.
Att. no: www.mfe.govt.nz
Changes of ratio of blue-greens in total phytoplankton biomass in River Salaca (1982 – 2008)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
mg
l-1
station 1
station 2
station 3
0
20
40
60
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100
120
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
%station 1
station 2
station 3
Changes of phytoplankton total biomass (mg/l) in River Salaca (1982 – 2008)
Overgrowth (%) changes of aquatic vegetation in River Salaca
Changes of species composition in River Salaca stretch “Inflow of Pužupes – Red cliffs”
- Changes of salmon smolts migration period:migration ends ~ 1 weak earlier than 20 years
- Changes of maximum migration of salmon smolts
Maximum of the migration y = -0.0544x + 242.29
R2 = 0.0088
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Increase of ratio of 1-year salmon smolts in migration process
1gadīgo smoltu īpatsvars Salacā (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1964 1974 1984 1994 2004
gads
smol
tu īp
atsv
ars
(%)
1
Linear (1)
Distribution of bitterling Rhodeus sericeus in Latvia in 1925 (A) and now (B)
A
B
Biogeographical changes
Distribution of pike-pearch
Stizostedion lucioperca in Latvia in 50-ies of 20th (A) and now (B)
A
B
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Catch of pike-pearch Stizostedion lucioperca (kg) in Lake Burtnieku since 1992 till 2008
The range of the golden loach Sabanejewia aurata geographical distribution in Europe according to Bânârescu (1991), Lelek (1987), Witkowski (1994) and Steponenas (2003) and findspots in Latvia, 2008 - 2009
LithuaniaVenta basin, 2003.g.
Arrival of new species in Latvia
Investigations of benthic drift
Ordination analysis of Ephemeroptera species composition in drift samples in Strīķupe below “sand-macrophyte” and “sand-detritus” microbiotops in June, August and October of 2007.
Axis 1 explains 11,5%, Axis 2 9,4% of total data dispersion.
Long term data sets coupled with mechanistic experiments provide good way of predicting future climate change effects on aquatic ecosystems (D. Conley)
1. all team of WP 3! 2. all for attention!
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