click here to see the inner life of the cell. i. cell structure + function ch. 3 pg. 47 a. cell...
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Click here to see The Inner life of the cell
I. Cell Structure + FunctionCh. 3 pg. 47
A. Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
This leukemia cell is tearing itself apart by a process called apoptosis.
E. coli bacteria inthe large intestine Red blood
cells
What Are the Basic Features of Cells?
The Plasma Membrane Encloses the Cell and Mediates Interactions Between the Cell and Its Environment
All Cells Use DNA as a Hereditary Blueprint and Contain Cytoplasm
All Cells Obtain Energy and Nutrients from Their Environment
Cell Function Limits Cell Size
frog embryo
most eukaryotic cells
mitochondrion
most bacteria
virus
proteins
diameter of DNA double helix
chicken egg
adult human
tallest trees
atoms
1 centimeter (cm) = 1/100 m1 millimeter (mm) = 1/1000 m
Units of measurement: 1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches
Diameter
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1 micrometer (µm) = 1/1,000,000 m1 nanometer (nm) = 1/1,000,000,000 m
100 µm
10 µm
1 µm
100 nm
10 nm
1 nm
0.1 nm
1 mm
1 cm
10 cm
100 m
10 m
1 m
most eukaryotic cells
mitochondrion
most bacteria
virus
proteins
diameter of DNA double helix
atoms
1 centimeter (cm) = 1/100 m1 millimeter (mm) = 1/1000 m
Units of measurement: 1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches
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1 micrometer (µm) = 1/1,000,000 m1 nanometer (nm) = 1/1,000,000,000 m
100 µm
10 µm
1 µm
100 nm
10 nm
1 nm
0.1 nm
What Are the Basic Features of Cells?
There Are Two Basic Types of Cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells – represented by the Domains Archaea (archaebacteria) and Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells – represented by the Domain Eukarya (algae, protozoans, fungi, plants and animals)
chromosome(nucleoid region)
piliribosomes
food granule
prokaryoticflagellum
capsule orslime layer
cell wall
plasma membranecytoplasmplasmid (DNA)
A generalized prokaryotic cell
mitochondrionvesicle
cytoplasm
flagellum
lysosome
centriole
Golgi complex
vesicle
nuclear pore
nuclear envelope
chromatin (DNA)nucleolus
nucleus
ribosome
free ribosome
microtubules
rough endoplasmicreticulum
Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
plasmamembrane
intermediatefilaments
A generalized animal cell
central vacuole
plastid mitochondrion
vesicle plasmodesma
cell wall
plasmamembrane
intermediatefilaments
free ribosomeribosomes
nucleusnucleolus
nuclear porechromatin
nuclear envelope
Golgi complex
chloroplast
Microtubules (part of cytoskeleton)
smoothendoplasmicreticulum
roughendoplasmicreticulum
generalized plant cell
What Are the Major Features of Prokaryotic Cells?
Prokaryotic Cells Are Small Prokaryotic Cells Have Fewer
Specialized Structures Within Their Cytoplasm
Have no membrane-enclosed organelles within their cytoplasm
DNA is located in the “nucleoid”
What Are the Major Features of Eukaryotic Cells?
Eukaryotic Cells Contain Organelles The Nucleus Is the Control Center of
the Eukaryotic Cell (Have the DNA) Have membrane-enclosed organelles
within the cytoplasm
Functions of Cell Structures Eukaryotic Cells Contain a Complex System of
Membranes The Plasma Membrane Both Isolates the Cell
and Allows Selective Interactions Between the Cell and Its Environment
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Forms Membrane-Enclosed Channels Within the Cytoplasm
The Golgi Complex Sorts, Chemically Alters, and Packages Important Molecules
smoothendoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
Golgi complex
exocytosisplasma membrane
phagocytosis
lysosomefused withfood vacuole
food vacuole
roughendoplasmicreticulum
The flow of membrane within the cell
B. Cell Organelles1. Cell membrane
i) Based on “fluid mosaic model” (moves around constantly)
a) Phosopholipid bilayer with protein scattered throughout ii) Selectively permeable
iii) Glycolipid and Glycoproteins on surface of membrane identifies the cell to the immune system
2. Mitochondria i) “powerhouse” of the cell
ii) 2 membranes
iii) Site of cellular respiration
Glucose + O2 ATP + CO2
MatrixCristae
(inner membrane)
Outer membrane
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)i) tubular canals for intracellular transport
ii) Smooth E.R – no ribosomes, lipid synthesis
iii) Rough E.R – contains ribosomes for protein synthesis
6. Lysosomes water to split
• Contains hydro/lytic enzymes for intracellular digestion (found on head of sperm)
7. Nucleusi) Controls cell by controlling protein synthesis
ii) Composed of a nuclear envelope surrounding chromosomes (DNA) and nucleoli
iii) Nucleolus- contains chromatin (condensed chromosomes) required to make R-RNA
Differences between plant and animal cells
Plant cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall Plant cells have chloroplast Plant cells have a large central vacuole Plant cells contain plasmodesmata-openings in
the cell wall of adjacent cells Animal cells have lysosomes Animal cells have Centrioles