clean air the revision of the national emission ceilings directive and agriculture fertilizers forum...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Clean AirThe revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture
FERTILIZERS FORUM23 June 2015
![Page 2: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Clean AirThe revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture
FERTILIZERS FORUM23 June 2015
![Page 3: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Air policy works: lower emissions
![Page 4: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
But significant problems remain
PM10 NO2
eutrophicationO3
![Page 5: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Health and ecosystem impacts
• over 400.000 premature deaths• 569 Million restricted activity days• 63% of ecosystem area in the EU and 73% Natura2000 area exceeding
eutrophication limits• 9% forest and 25% lake area exceeding acidification limits
63%
European Air Quality Values WHO Guidelines
Sources: EEA, Air Quality in Europe (2014) and SOER (2015)
![Page 6: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Benefits & costs of the new NEC
benefits new NEC in 2030
• 52% better health
• 35% less eutrophication
• 85% less acidification
• Direct cost savings: €3 bn/year
• External cost reductions (health only): €44 -140 bn/year
costs new NEC in 2030
• The effort for the new policy (in cost terms) is split:
40% for the domestic sector
37% for industry
23% for agriculture
• Compliance costs: €2,2 bn/year
• External costs in the EU now: €330-940 billionFactor
> 20
![Page 7: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Contributions to the NEC proposal
Source: IIASA, TSAP Report #16 (2015)
2020 2030
SO2 59% 81%
NOx 42% 69%
VOC 28% 50%
NH3 6% 27%
PM2.5 22% 51%
CH4 - 33%
MAIN FOCUS ON PM2.5 and NH3
![Page 8: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why focus on ammonia
• NH3 is detrimental to ecosystems due to eutrophication and acidification
• NH3 harms human health by forming secondary particulate matter (PM):
• Main precursor gases are NH3, NOx and SO2.• NH3 forms two main secondary PM, ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) and ammonium nitrate
(NH4NO3).• The secondary PM introduces a strong international transboundary effect
• NH3 contributes to emissions of Greenhouse Gases (N2O) and nitrates (nitrate leaching in soils, NO3)
• Loss of nutrients
![Page 9: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sources: Le Figaro & Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
![Page 10: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The origin of PM2.5 in urban areas-5
5
15
25
μg/m
3PM
2.5
Households
Primary PM: Traffic
Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.
Sec. PM: Industry + agri
Primary PM: Industry
Natural
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
μg/m
3PM
2.5
Origin
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
μg/m
3PM
2.5
Origin
WHO guideline value
2009 NEC Proposal
Source: IIASA, TSAP Report #12 (2014)
![Page 11: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sources of ammonia - agriculture
Manur
e m
anag
emen
t - D
airy
cattl
e
Manur
e m
anag
emen
t - N
on-d
airy
cat
tle
Manur
e m
anag
emen
t - S
wine
Manur
e m
anag
emen
t - O
ther
pou
ltry
Manur
e m
anag
emen
t - O
ther
ani
mal
s
Inor
gani
c N-fe
rtiliz
ers (in
clud
es a
lso
urea
app
licat
ion)
Anim
al m
anur
e ap
plie
d to
soi
ls
Urine
and
dung
dep
osite
d by
gra
zing
ani
mal
s
Other
agr
icul
tura
l sou
rces
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
NH
3 e
mis
sio
n 2
013
EU
-28 in
kto
n
Source: EEA: www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/emissions-nec-directive-viewer
![Page 12: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Possible measures for ammonia
• Possible measures are listed in Annex III of the proposal ie:
a) nitrogen management, taking into account the full nitrogen cycle;
b) livestock feeding strategies;
c) low-emission manure spreading approaches;
d) low-emission manure storage systems;
e) low-emission manure processing and composting systems;
f) low-emission animal housing systems;
g) low-emission approaches for mineral fertilizer application.
• Options are based on based on the 2001 UNECE Framework Code for Good Agricultural Practice for Reducing Ammonia Emissions.
![Page 13: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Measures regarding fertilizers
• nitrogen management:• use fertilizer of manure-nitrogen with the proper concentration of nutrients;• avoid excess applications of both fertiliser and manure-nitrogen;• apply at times when nitrate leaching will be minimized and crops are
actively growing.
• the use of the right mineral fertilizers:• use of ammonium carbonate should be prohibited• use of urea based fertilizer should be minimized and replaced as much as
possible by ammonium nitrate fertilizers.
![Page 14: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ammonia reduction 2030 in NEC
Source: IIASA, TSAP Report #16 (2015)
![Page 15: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Aspects agricultural sector
• The proposal is not forcing to change to intensive farming
• The proposal is not targeting on the smallest farms; 70% of animals are kept in only the largest 10% of farms
• Member States can provide support by earmarking resources under the Rural Development Funds
• Achieving the proposed reductions is possible and cost-effective and measures are already widely applied in some Member States
• Reductions in the past are fully taken into consideration
![Page 16: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Why methane in the NEC?
• Methane is an ozone precursor, having detrimental health effects and negative effects on vegetation (including crops)
• Methane remains in the atmosphere for more than a decade, making it a global problem
• Although methane is part of the Green House Gasses under the Effort Sharing Decision, it is not guaranteed that this will lead to reduction of methane
• Measures necessary to meet the proposed targets are all negative cost or cost free in the agricultural, waste and energy sector
• The proposed reduction targets are in line with the EU Energy and Climate Policy
![Page 17: Clean Air The revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive and agriculture FERTILIZERS FORUM 23 June 2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e9a5503460f94b9cd00/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• More Informationhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/review_air_policy.htm
• Feedback• [email protected]
• Thank you!
• Roald Wolters• European Commission
• DG ENV.C.3 - Air