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Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to classroom management from a behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic perspective. Name and describe three general categories of the events of classroom management from a behavioral perspective, giving examples of specific teacher activities for each category. Developed by W. Huitt, 1999

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Page 1: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to classroom management from a behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic perspective. Name and describe three general categories of the events of classroom management from a behavioral perspective, giving examples of specific teacher activities for each category.

Developed by W. Huitt, 1999

Page 2: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

Primary purpose is to gain control of the classroom

Good classroom management results in high levels of student engaged time

Page 3: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

Brophy (1983) states there are 3 general principles for good classroom management:

Brophy, J. (1983). Effective classroom management. The School

Administrator, 40(7), 33-36.

• Willingness of the teacher to accept responsibility for classroom control

• Long-term, solution-oriented approaches to problems (rather than short-term, desist/ control responses

Page 4: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

Brophy (1983) states there are 3 general principles for good classroom management:

Brophy, J. (1983). Effective classroom management. The School

Administrator, 40(7), 33-36.

• Check to see if symptomatic behavior is caused by underlying personal problems (impulsivity, lack of awareness, home problems, etc.)

Page 5: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

Brophy (1983) also cites 3 theoretical orientations to classroom management:

• Self-concept/personal adjustment -- the teacher encourages discouraged students, builds self-esteem by arranging for and calling attention to success, improving peer relationships, etc.

Page 6: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

Brophy (1983) also cites 3 theoretical orientations to classroom management:

• Insight (cognitive) -- teacher spends time with problem students individually, getting to know them personally, attempting to instruct and inform them

Page 7: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

Brophy (1983) also cites 3 theoretical orientations to classroom management:

• Behavioristic -- teacher offers incentives, negotiates contracts, calls attention to and reinforces desirable behavior

Page 8: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Classroom Management

This presentation will focus on the application of principles from behaviorial psychology, especially the application of consequences to modify behavior.

Page 9: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

There are 3 major categories of actions to take in establishing a behaviorally-oriented classroom management program:

• Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities

• Monitor Student Behavior

• Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior

Page 10: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities

Establish rules and procedures early

Page 11: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Rules

General Recommendations

Select 4 or 5 rules that you will use to set guidelines and limits for behavior in your classroom.

State the rules in terms of positive expectations of behavior you want to see. Be careful about stating rules in the form of "Don't.”

Page 12: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Rules

General Recommendations

Think about specific examples of behavior that would demonstrate each rule.

Post the rules in your classroom.

Teach the rules just as you would academic content using the discussed previously.

Page 13: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Rules

Sample Rules For The Elementary Level

Be polite and helpful.

Take care of your school.

Behave in the cafeteria.

Do not hit, shove or hurt others.

Keep the bathroom clean.

Page 14: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Rules

Sample Rules For The Secondary Level

Bring all needed materials to class.

Be in your seat and ready to work when the bell rings.

Obtain permission before speaking or leaving your seat.

Respect and be polite to all people.

Respect other people's property.

Page 15: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Rules

Rules Our Family Uses At Home

I will do what I am asked to do without an argument.

I will be kind and respectful to my parents and other family members.

I will ask permission and accept the decision without getting angry.

I will remain calm when I feel angry and talk about how I feel.

Page 16: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities

Establish rules and procedures early Establish consequences

1. reinforcers (Premack principle)2. punishers

Page 17: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Consequences

Consequences are environmental stimuli that increase or decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again.

Rewards and punishers should be selected that match the significance or meaningfulness of the exhibited action.

We want to establish consequences that will either reinforce or redirect behavior.

Page 18: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Consequences

Level of Significance

Reward Penalty

Mild

Smile

Compliment

Cheery note on assignment

Small amount of tokens traded for small reward

Eye contact

Have student state rule broken

Change seats

Isolation

Confiscation of forbidden objects or notes

Page 19: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Consequences

Level of Significance

Reward Penalty

Moderate

Posting good work

Positive note to parents

Special privileges

Staying after school

Loss of privileges

Call to parents

Isolation in special room

Page 20: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Consequences

Level of Significance

Reward Penalty

Extensive

Field trips

Recognition at award's banquet

Write up in newspaper

Trip to principal's office

Loss of special class event (e.g., field trip)

Page 21: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Establishing Consequences

The most important aspect of delivering consequences is the consistency of delivery.

Especially in terms of punishers, any inconsistency might actually increase rather than decrease the probability that the behavior will occur again.

Page 22: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities

Establish rules and procedures early

Establish method of delivering reinforcers

1. Token reinforcement programs

2. Contingency contract programs

Establish consequences

1. reinforcers (Premack principle)2. punishers

Page 23: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities

State expectations clearly

Focus on positive expectations

Practice "positive" behavior

Establish group cohesiveness and responsibility

Establish cues

Model appropriate behavior

Page 24: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Monitor Student Behavior

• Physical layout: ability to see all students

• Teacher movement: move around the room

• Group focus: keep students involved

• Overlapping: ability to supervise several activities at once

Page 25: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Monitor Student Behavior

• Withitness: communicate to students you are aware of what's happening

• Pacing/movement management: keep lessons and students moving

Page 26: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior

• Anticipate occurrence of positive and inappropriate behavior

• Provide specific feedback regarding behavior and expectations• Focus on positive behavior; teacher attention to inappropriate behavior can be reinforcing

• Hold students accountable

Page 27: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior

• Effective praise will:

1. be contingent on display of positive behavior

2. specify clearly the behaviors being reinforced

3. be believable by the student

Page 28: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior

• Methods of coping with inappropriate behavior:

1. Negative reinforcement

2. Satiation

3. Punishment

Page 29: Classroom Management Describe the importance of classroom management and its impact on academic learning time. Describe differences in the approach to

Behavioristic Approach

While there are viable alternatives to the behavioristic approach to classroom management, it is clearly the most often used in public schools today.

Remember that the long-term goal of any classroom management program is self-management.


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