Classifying Matter

Classifying Matter

Matter: Anything that has mass and volume

Organizing the Knowledge of Substances

Homogeneous Mixture: Solutions

Solute: A substance that is dissolved in something

Solvent: Any substance that dissolves a solute

Solution: Homogeneous mixture of dissolved substances containing at least one solvent and one solute

Eg. Salt waterWater is a solventSalt is a solute

Elements versus Compounds

Substance Empirical Definition

Theoretical Definition

Examples

Elements Can’t be broken down further

Made of one kind of atom

KMgO2

Compound Decomposed chemically by

heat or electricity

Made of more than one kind of

atom

H2ONaCl

Solutions compared to Elements and Compounds

The Relationship between Solutions, Elements, and Compounds :

- Solutions contain more then one compound or element. These compounds and elements are uniformly dispersed throughout the solution.

Eg. HCl + H20 HCl (compound) (Compound) (solution)- Pure substances can be written as chemical

formulas

Empirical Classification System

- Separating and grouping matter

Empirical Classification System- Based on methods of separation of matterMethods of separation:

Empirical Classification System- Based on methods of separation of matterMethods of separation:Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures: Can be

separated by physical means (Extraction, Filtration, Chromatography etc)

Pure Substances : - Compounds: Can only be separated by chemical change not physical change- Elements: Cannot be broken down further

Empirical Classification System- Based on methods of separation of matterMethods of separation:Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures: Can be

separated by physical means (Extraction, Filtration, Chromatography etc)

Pure Substances : - Compounds: Can only be separated by chemical change not physical change- Elements: Cannot be broken down further

Chemical Decomposition: Breaking down a compound into its elements

Theory and Empirical Classification

Theories relating to the empirical classification systems.

- Elements are composed of one kind of atom - Atoms are the smallest particle of an element- Elements and compounds both make up

molecules.