Classification of Living Things

Learning About The

Kingdoms

Of Life

What is Classification?

• The organization of objects using characteristics & attributes

Biological Classification

• Systems that name & organize living things in a meaningful way

• AKA taxonomy

History

• Aristotle 400 BC– Used 2 categories and

subdivided according to how they moved

• Plants– Air, land, water

• Animals– Air, land, water

Not a good system. Why?????

Used for 2000 years

History

• 1600’s began to classify according to similarities in form (structure)

• 1700’s Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish)– Created system used

today– Used system to ID all

known plants & animals of his time

– Developed a systematic naming process

• Simple, logical, easy

Old Naming System (pre-Linnaeus)

• Confusing• Had up to 12 names• Names for same

animal/plant different in different countries & books

Modern System (post-Linnaeus)

• 2 functions– 1 groups organisms

according to basic characteristics

– 2 gives unique name to each organism

• Ranges from general (Kingdom) to specific (Species)

• Based on evolutionary relationships

• To be in same species, must be capable of interbreeding & produce fertile young– EX: horse + donkey =

mule (not fertile)– EX: lion + tiger =

liger/tigon (not fertile)

Think of it like this…

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools

• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

• Binomial Nomenclature- 2 name naming system– Bi two– Nom name– Clature system

• Uses Genus & species– EX: Homo sapiens AKA modern

man

HOMEWORK

• Come up with a new mnemonic device to help remember the classification system– Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,

Genus, Species

• Make a picture to go with your saying

• Be creative • Due Monday

The Five Kingdoms

Monerans

• Single celled (unicellular)

• Microscopic

• Nucleus does not have a membrane

• Lacks cell structures

• Absorbs food

• 10,000+ known species

• EX: blue-green algae, bacteria

Protists

• Unicellular; microscopic• Nucleus has a membrane• Sometimes found in chains

or colonies• Has cell structures• 250,000+ known species• Absorbs, ingests or

photosynthesizes food• EX: diatoms, amoeba,

paramecium, euglena, flagellates, other protozoans

Fungi

• Multicellular• Specialized cells &

structures• Absorbs food• 100,000+ known

species• EX: mushrooms,

yeast, mildew, mold

Plants

• Multicellular

• Photosynthesizes food

• Specialized cells and structures

• Rigid cell walls for support

• 250,000+ known species

• EX: trees, mosses, flowering plants, ferns

Animals

• Multicellular

• Specialized cells & structures, including tissues, organs, organ systems

• Own form of locomotion

• Heterotrophs

• No rigid cell walls

• 1,000,000+ known species

Animal Phyla

• Chordates– Vertebrates

• Have rigid backbone and skeletal system for support

• Located inside body

– Invertebrates• No rigid backbone or skeleton

• Some have external support called exoskeleton

• Exo- outside skeleton- support – EX: insects, spiders

Vertebrate Classes

V er tebr a tesw i th back bon es

R ept i l es"cold blooded"sca ly, dr y sk in

A m ph ib ians"cold blooded"sm ooth sk in

n eeds to be m oi st

B i r dssel f r egu la ted tem p

fea th er s & fl ighth ol l ow bon es & w in gs

M am m alssel f r egu la ted tem p

l i ve you ngh a ir

F i sh"cold blooded"

br ea th e th r u w a tergi l l s & fi ns

C h or da tes

Invertebrate Classes

M o llo sksE x : c la m s

sn a ils

A rth rop o dsE x : inse c ts

sp id e rs

E ch in id e rm sE x : sta rf ishse a u rch ins

A n ne lidsE x : le e ch

e a rthw o rm

P o rife raE x : sp o ng es

C n id e ria nsE x : je llyf ish

se a a ne m o ne

F la tw o rm sE x : f lu ke

ta p ew o rm

R o u n dw o rm sE x : trich inah o o k w o rm

In verte b ra tesn o b a ckbo ne

Terms to Know

• Autotrophs make own food• Heterotrophs get food from another source• Photosynthesis using the sun’s energy to make

own food• Prokaryotic nucleus not enclosed; DNA flows

freely in cell• Eukaryotic has an enclosed nucleus (where

DNA is stored)• Locomotion means of movement; transportation

Terms to Know

• Sessile non- moving; stationary

• Motile mobile; ability to move

• Taxonomy another word for classification

• Nucleus cell structure that contains DNA for reproduction; enclosed with a membrane