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Title Classification and Phylogeny of Genus Misellina with Description of Some Misellina from the Lower Permian in theSouthern Kitakami Mountains, Japan

Author(s) Choi, Dong Ryong

Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy, 15(3-4), 625-646

Issue Date 1972-06

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/36016

Type bulletin (article)

File Information 15(3-4)_625-646.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGEN¥ OF GENUSMISELLINA WITH DESCRIPTION OF SOMH MfSELLI?VA FROM THE LOWffR PERMIAN IN THE SOUTHERN KITAKAMAI MOUNTAINS JAPAN. '

by

DoNG R.yoNG CHol

(With 4 text-figures and 1 plate)

(Contributien from the Department of Geology and Mineralogy,

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, No. I243)

Misellina, a priinitive Verbeekinid, is one of the important TethyaR fauna in

the lower to middle Permian, and it is widely accepted as ancestral of

Neoschwagerinids. However, the phylogenetical study on primitive Ver-

beekinicls has not been thoroughly made until present, a}though that of the

Neoschwagerinids has been discussed by many authors. Ilrhis may be mainly due

to the comparatively rare production of Misellina, especially that of the

prjmltive Misellina as to mal<e comprehensive palaeontological and phylo-

genetical stucly on it. ,

The primitive forms ofMisellina have been known to occur from the USSR

and Japanese Permian. Tkey are Misellina d.yhrenfttrthi (DuTi<EvlcH) from

USSR, aRd Misellina otakiensis (HuziMoTo), Misellina ibukiensis KoBAyAsHi,

andMisellina otai SAI<AGucm and SuGANo, from Japan.

In the course of investigation of lower Permian fusulinids in Setamai-Yahagi

district, Southern Kitakami mountains, the autlior found numerous specimens

that are assignable to Misellina otakiensis (HuziMoTo) from many iocalities

stratigraphically ranging from the middle to the upper Sakamotosawa series,

lower Permian.

At the .same tjme, Misellina claudiae (DEpRAT) was also foLmd in thin

sectlons deposited in our Universlty obtained froin the upper Sakainotosawa

series in the same district above mentioned.

The yield of both primitive and advanced Misellina from the different

stratigraphical positions of the }ower Permian in the Southern Kitakami

niountains the author is now investigating lead him into the taxonoirkical and

phylogenetical iiavestigation on Misellina.

In this study, all available morphological characteristics, geographical

distrlbution, stratigraphical occurrence, tind ontogeny of each species of

626 D. R. CHolpreviousMisellina and the present Kitakami form are examined.

I. Morphology

Shell forni: Misellina is staffelloidal to ellipsoida} in shape. Misellina ovalis

represent the eliipsoidal forna, while Misellina compressa represents the

staffelloidal one. And Misellina claudiae stands between the two. Of these,

Misellina compressa has been treated as representing tlae genus or subgenus

Brevaxina. However, the generic or subgeneric separation of Brevaxina from

Misellina seems to be needless, since morphological boundaries between them

are sL}ccessive and difficult to be determinecl with cert-ainty.

The author plotted the shell form of previously described species of

Misellina. Althougli their boundaries are gradual, five main groups inMisellina

are discriniinated so far as the shell form is concerned, as is shown in text-fig. 1.

The first group is represented byMisellina otakiensis, and includesMisellina

dyhrenfttrthi, Misellina ibukiensis, Misellina otai, Misellina cylindrica, and

Misellina hataii. The shell of this group is smailest among Misellina and

staffelioida} to subspherical with length ofO.6 to l.6 mna, and width ofO.75 to

1 .30.

The secoRd grpt}p covers Misellina ovalis, Misellina eonfragaspira, and

Misellina iisakai with querry, and is typically represented by Misellina ovalis.

This group comirtonly possesses ellipsoidal shell, ranging 1.25 to 3.8 mm in

length, and O.8 to 2.28 mm in width.

Misellina claudiae is typical in the third group. which includes Misellina

termieri, Misellina subelliptica, Misellina minor, Misellina cycloidea, Misellina

aliciae, and Misellina calijbrnica. But the last two species is questionably

assigned to the group. These fonins of the group are subspherical in shape and

commonly liave larger shell than Misellina otakiensis. It is l.35 to 2.6 mm long

and' l.15 to 2.28 mm wide.

Miselliiia oigae represents the fourth group. No other species is assigned in

this group. It is closely similar to Misellina otakiensis in many characteristics,

but the former provides larger shell and slightly thicker and well developed

parachomata than the latter.

The last group is characterized by planispiral shell with depressed axis of

coiling. Single species, Misellina compressa is the representative of this group.

Proloculus: Generally speaking, proloculus becoiines larger and tends to show

broad variation in diameter towards advanced Misellina. And elongation of the

shell causes the enlargerment of proloculus diai"neter. Misellina otakiensis has

the pro]oculus of 40 to lOO microns in diameter while that ofMisellina ovalis

CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY OF GENUSMISELLIAiA 627

ranges from 50 to 2SO microns. Proloculus ofMisellina claudiae is smaller than

240 microns. Misellina compressa contains the proloculus of less thaR 15e

microns in diameter.

Spirotheca: The structure of the spirotheca ofMisellina is essentialiy alveolar.

The minor differences in the thickness of the spirotheca and coarseness of

alveoli, however, are present.

Misellina otakiensis and Misellina ovalis provicle comparatively thin

spirotheca with fine alveoli. They commonly measure 20 to 30 microns ln

thickness. While Misellina claudiae generally possesses relatively thick spiro-

theca with rather coarse alveoli, which generally ranges 20 to 40 microns in

thickness. Misellina compressa, and Misellina oigae stands between the two in

structure and in thickness of tlie spirotheca.

]Parachomata: Nature of the parachomata appears to be one of the important

biocharacters of Misellina. But the mode of development of parachomata is

various from specimen to specimen. Nevertheless, the following tendancy is

observable. Parachomata ofMisellina ovalis are low and broadly based. But on

the contrary, parachomata ofMisellina compressa are high and narrow, whlle

those of Misellina claudiae have the intermediate nature between Misellina

ovalis andMisellina compressa.

As was briefly noted above, the shell form, thickness of the spirotheca,

proloculus size, mode of development of parachomata, are considered to be

mutuaily closely related. And it seems to be quite reasonable to divide Misellina

into five groups, Misellina otakiensis, Misellina claudiae, Misellina oigae,

Misellina ovalis and Misellina compressa, as is typically indicated in the

differece of shell form in text-fig. I. Therefore these groups are better treated

as independent species.

mm 3.0

Eit.

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ttt

D, R. CHol

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O 1.o 2.0 3,O Length

Fig. I: Shell form of previously described n4isellina, l;vlttisellina

`'Misellina dyhrenjurthi", 3; "Misellina ibttkiensis".

4.0 mm

otakiensis s. str., 2;

Ig. Classificatioii ofMisellina.

Based on the above consideration,

of each species is given here.

a Cletailed discussion on the classification

l. Misellina otakien.sis

This species is characteristic in the possession of very small shell with

comparatively ill-developed chomata, minute proloculus, few number of

volution, and thin spirotheca for Misellina. Stratigraphically it occurs from the

middle to the upper low'er Permian (Sakinarjan to Artinskiaii).

In this species, the foHowing three varieties are recongnized thot}gh tkey

are morphologically closely related and diffict}lt to distinguish with each other,

Misellina otakiensis (HuziMoTo), l936, Misellina d.yhren.1(2.trthi(DuTKEvicH),

l939, andMisellina ibukiensis KoBAyAsm, 1957.

First variety, `wrisellina otakiensis" s. str.; The following forms are designable

to this variety.

Misellina otakiensis (HuziMoTo), 1936

Misellina dyhren,fruthi(DuTKEvicH), of LEvEN (l970), non

DuTKEvlcH (1939) The present variety very closely resembles Misellina dyhren.fttrthi in many

respects. But the former possesses less developed parachomata throughout the

CLASSIFICATtON AND PHYLPGENY OF GENUS MJSELLIAL4 629

shell.

A4isellina otakiensis was t"irst clescribed from Kwanto Moentains, ceBtral

Japan by HuziMoTo (1936) in associatioii with Pseudofttsttlina tschernyschewi

(ScHELLwmN). It still preserves many vestiges of ancestral form ofMisellina,

and it is consjdered as tke most primitive Misellina known to date. Misellina

otakiensis possesses planispiral shell with umbilicated po}es, few volutions (5 to

6), very thin spirotheca (less than 30 niicrons), snia}i prolocvdus (less than 80

microns in diameter), and poorly cleveloped parackomata which are almost

absent in inner one or two volutions. Paracliomata are indistinct in middle

volutions, but are ciistiiict ln the outermost few volutions. From these priiirkitive

characteristics, Misellina otakiensis, at a g}ance, iool<s even similar to ,Pamirina,

Psettdostafikilla or Sta.11Tlella.

Recently LEvEN (1970) illustrated Misellina dyhrenfltrthi from Artinskian

in Darwas with Pamirina darvasica LEvEN. However, Darwas forin is nothing

but Misellina otakiensis although some specimens of the fori/ner possess

transitional natures between Misellina otakiensis s. str. and Misellina

dyhrenP'uthi,

Geographically this variety occurs in Japan and USSR (Darwas).

Second variety, Misellina dyhrenfiurthi; The following forms are referable to

this vai'iety.

Misellina dyhrenftirthi(DuTKEvicH), l939

Misellina otai SAKAGucHi and SuGANo, l966

Misellina hataii IsHizAm, 1963

Misellina sttbelliptica (DEpRAT), of IsHizAKi (l963)

Misellina sp. A, SuyARi (1962)

Misellina (Brevaxina) sp. nov., ofT. OzAwA (l970)

This varlety is represented by Misellina dyhrenfttrthi, and commonly

possesses small shell with few volutions (7 to 8), few septa, small proloculus

(up to 1.00 micirons), and tliin spirotheca (generally 20 to 30 microns) for

Misellina.

Misellina otai SAKAGucHi and SuGANo from Al<iyoshi limestone wellcoincides with Misellina dyhrenfttrthi. So the former may be synonymous with

the latter. IsHizAKi (1963) describecl a new species Brevaxina hataii from the

lower Permian in Shikoku with many other species ofMisellina. However, all

statistic data ai"id essential natures of the species fall witliLin the specific

variation ofMisellina dyhrenfttrthi. IsHiZAKI's form also inay be a synonym of

Misellina dyhrenfttrthi. Misellina sp. A described by SuyARi from Shikoku is

quite identicai with Misellina d.yhrenfttrthi although the former contains

slightly larger shell than the latter.

Geographical distribution; Krimea, Darwas, Pamirs, and 3apan.

630 D, R. CI-{olThird variety, `EMisellina ibttkiensis";

Misellina ibttkiensis KoBAyAsHi, l957

Misellina cyltndrica IsHizAKi, l963

Misellina aliciae (DEpRAT), of IsmzAKi (l963)

Misellina minor (DEpRAT), of IGo (1956)

Misellina sp., ofT. OzAwA (l970) Igo's Misellina ininor from the OsobL}dani conglomerate in Fukuji, central

Japan, yielded in association with Pseudoschwagerina (Robustschwagerina?

schellwieni aRd `?seudojusulina" vuigaris, appears to differ frona Misellina

minor, because DEpRAT's original form contains larger sheil with more

nuinerous volutions and more dlstinct parachomata thanlGo's form. Further,

the former was yielded from higher horizon than the latter. The latter should

be better regarded as a member of this variety. Likewise, Misellina sp.

illustrated by T. OzAwA (1970) from the Kwanto inountains is best considered

as a variation of Misellina otakiensis. Misellina cylindrica IsHizAm from

Shikoku appears to be included in the present variety. But, as this forin seems

to be slightly deformed, and single axial section is illustrated, precise specific

COIItelltS al'e UllkllOWII fOI' US at Pl'eSellt.

This variety occurs only in Japan.

2. Misellina ovalis

This species includes tlie following previously described forins.

Misellina ovalis (DE-pRAT), l9l5

Misellina conf>'agaspiraLEvEN, l967

Misellina iisakai (ToRiyAMA), 1947

These forms above listed are characterized by iarge ellipsoidal shell with

compratively thin spirotheca (commonly 20 to 30 microns), and broadvariation in the size of the prolocL}lus (50 to 250 microns), forMisellina.

Compared toMisellina claudiae, the present species possesses inore elongate

shell with thinner spirotheca.

Geological distribution; Artinskian to kungrian. ,

Geographical distribution; Pamirs, Nortli and South China, Southeast Asia, and

Japan.

3. Misellina claudiae

The following species are included in this species.

Misellina clattdiae (DEpRAT) , 19l2

Misellina termieri (DEpRAT) , i9l 5

Misellina sttbelliptica (DEpRAT), l915

Misellina minor (DEpRAT), l9l5

CLASSIFICATION AND I)HYLOGENY OF

Misellinasubcycloidea IsHizAKi, l962

?Misellinaaliciae(DEpRAT), 1912

?Misellina calillCbrnica DouGLAss, 1967

GENUS MISELLI)NC4 631

This species contalns fori'ns with subspherical shell with nuinerous volutions

(9 to IO), thick spirotheca (30 to 40 microns in outervolutions) forMisellina.

Misellina tern'zieri and Misellina subelliptica may be synonymous with each

other. The synonymity between them was already pointecl out by SuyARi

(l962). In external shell shape, Misellina alieiae (DEpRAT) may be close to this

grovip, although the original form of tlite forirter has smaller sliLeli with fewer

volutions tliLan tlae latter.

In external shell form, Misellina calij(brnica stands betweenMisellina ovalis

and Misellina claudiae.

Geological distribution; Artinskian to kungrian.

Geographical distribt}tion; Yugoslavia, Turkey, Darwas, Karakorum, Southeast

Asia, South China, Japan, and California.

4. Misellina oigae

This species was described from Artinskian in Pamirs by LEvEN. Itconstitutes a distinct group ofits own, airid is cliLaracteristic in the possession of

staffelloidal to subspherical shell with slightly uinbilicate poles, and is very

close to Misellina otakiensis or `IMisellina dyhrenft{rthi" in many respects. So,

the former may be direct descendant of the latter species.

5. Misellina eompressa

The present species is known to represent the genus or subgenus Brevaxina,

which should be suppressed intoMisellina.

SuyARI's Misellina sp. from Shikoku, Japan, may be assignable to this

species, though the latter contains far sinaller shell compared to the typical

Misellina compressa.

Geological distribution; Artinskian to kungrian.

Geographical distribution; Southeast Asia and Japan.

III. Phylogeny of the genusMiseltina

of

the

the

The lowest stratigraphical occurrence ofMisellina extends down to the base

`CPsettdofatst{lina" vttigaris zone, middle lower Permian as 'was ascertained in

Kitakami inountains and East Lake Biwa. Misellina otakiensis yielded from

fTseudofttsttlina" vttigaris zone reveals wide specific variation;Misellina

6i32 D. R. CHOIotakiensis s. str. possesses staffe}loidal shell with poor}y developed para-

chomata, wkile Misellina dyhrenfl{rthi and Misellina ibukiensis varieties contain

staffeliojdal to subspherical shell with wel} developed parachomata. From these

stratigraphical eviclences ancl niorpho}ogical features, the aiicestor ofMisellina

otakiensis shoulcl be sought to a certain form of the lowest Permian though it is

not yet discovered. The autkor thinks that the ancestor of it may be related to

suc}i form as Misellina otakiensis s. str., since it provides the most primitive

natures amongstMisellina known te date.

On the otker hand, Misellina otakiensis s. str. is quite similar to iPamirina

LEvEN in evei"y respect except for poor development of parachomata in tlie

former. Although Pamirina dar}?asica LEvE}si l'rom Darwas was yie}ded from the

Artinskian which indicates slightly higher stratigraphic level than that of

Misellina otakiensis froni the Kitakaini inogntains a certain related forin of ']Ptzmirina may have given rise to the most pi'imitive Misellina iR the lowest

Permian, in all possibility. In other words, Misellina otakiensis-like ancestral

forna may have beeR clerivecl from some form of Pamirina in the eargiest

Permian, and it may have evolvecl towardsAdisellina dyhFenfurthi andMisellina

ibukiensis varieties in the succeeding epoch.

As to the aRsector of genus ,Pamirina, the author consideres that one of the

evolved foi'm of Pset{dostafrella is most probable, although all known forms of

it were produced from the middle Carboniferous, and conseqL}ently the direct

pltylogenetical relationship between them is hei'e uiiable to discuss.

Sta.Lflella may be considered as ancestral to Pamiriiia in many points.

However, 'since the shell of all species of Stafi'ella is more or less miRerallized,

the fornier actually nlay not be ancestral to the latter.

T. OzAwA (l970) placed Misellina minor as an anostor of Misellina.

However, his opinion can not be accepted. Because the original forin of

Misellina minor described by Deprat from Cammon, Southeast Asia isassociatecl wlth Pseudo,f2isulina aiwbigtta which indicates tlie uppermost lower

Permian. Not on}y the occurrence, but also in shell size, mocie of cleve}opment

of parachoinata, Misellina nzinor provides more evolved features tlianMiselliiia

otakiensis', Misellina miHoi' is considered as a member ofMisellina elaudiae.

Therefore,Misellina minor may not be placecl Rs a base ofMisellina stock.

Based on the general evolutionary trends of each feature ofMiselli.na, with

statistic data, phyiogenetical tree shown in text-flg. 2 was coinpilecl, and the

fo}lowiRg four phylogeRetical stocks are discriminated.

I . Misellina otakiensis--Misellina ovalis stocl<.

2. Misellina otakiensis-Mis'ellina clattdiae stock.

3. Misellina otakiensisMi,s'ellina oigae stock.

4. Misellina otakiensis--Misellina coinpressa stocl<.

CL.ALSSIFICIATION AND PHYLOGENY OF GENUS MJSELLllVA 633

2' R.c,egI.g-:･

E-etri,-.o

g-g

･=N ･9 ･ vl ･z"z tu; ii kl･,

[E l. .g l･

a :ii e l,

hl l6.i

) El ol "1 i 11

r-.J

x Armenina

l

tw ascornpressa olgae

([lii!l) '

Maktaya

l''/@agasktEnsis dyhrenfu[thi sPy.kiensis...f

l ti-"oXt'a@,-..,fll])fli, il;,,,,,,,.,,?tW'kie"s's @ Pamirina?

(iilllllSi;i>

ctaudiae

@･)1)11

'

Cance[-na

ova{is

V Pseudostaffetla?

co '-I

Fe

/Pseudodoliokna

l1

tt

Text-fig. 2: Compiled phylogeny of Misellina.

The main characteristics of each phylogenetical stock are brieflyst}mmerized as follows.

The first stock possesses elongate shell with relatively thin spirotheca, large

proloculus, and low aRd broadly based parachomata.

The second stock possesses subspherical shell with comparatively thick

spirotheca.

The thircl stock contains splierical shell with weakly depressed axial region,

and moderately thick spirotheca.

The last stock is typical in staffelloidal shell, high and narrow parachomata

and small pi'oloculus.

II"liese four stocl<s evolved into various genera in the middle Permian

succeedingly ancl developing each morphological attribute above referred;

Cci)Ficellina and Pseudodoliolina which are commonly characterized by sub-

spherical to elongate shell, comparatively ill-developed parachomata, and thin

spirotheca may be derived fromMisellina ovalis.

Maklaya possessing subspherical shell with thick spirotheca aiid small

proloculus may be direct discendant ofMisellina clattdiae.

Armenina which possesses spherical shell with ill-developecl parachomata

634 D. R. CHoimay be budded from Misellina oigae.

No descendant, however, is present from Misellina compressa

middle Permian.

stock in the

IV. Geographicaldistribution

As was stated in the foregoing pages, a Mlsellina otakiensis s. str.-like

ancestor may have appeared in the lowest Permian, though no evidences are

presented at present. The genus then spreaded to the main part of the Tethys

Sea region in Sal<marian, with broad specific variation, represented by Misellina

dyhrenfiurthi and Misellina ibukiensis varieties.

In Artinskian, Misellina expanded throughout the Tethys and reached as far

as Califoriiia, being differenciated into many independent species, such as

Misellina ovalis, Misellina claudiae, Misellina oigae and Misellina compressa.

Of these, Misellina claudiae is found all over the Tethys Sea region and even

to 'California, showing the broadest distribution. Misellina ovalis and Misellina

compressa are distributed in eastern Tethys Sea region.

Text-figs. 3 and 4 show the distribution ofMisellina in Sakmarian, and

Artinskian and kungrian, respectively.

oci!i},

v ij

k!xrs

tthm.

Obv

as

ffof>tttlikgsf

{iilill)]giftIli

z>s

ts

ssi

o

0 yIZII2ili] b{isenina ibukiensis

E ){iseHina dyhrenfurthi

[[[[[Il Mise1lina otaldensis

xNe." eas..

iiiiii},,

v 2

"tse

L

Text-fig. 3: Geographical distribution of MiseUina in Sakmarian.

2g

SSI}i

kl v

,e{":t;aS'

CLASSIFICATION AND

n

0

o

PHYLOGENY

Obo

"g->･･ff iF} ts

ciiicv

Z

OF GENUS MJSELLI?VL/l

ooptt/gg'igut

tsPQ8

xts,

y

ew Mise}Iina ovalis

Eii2ill Misel1ina clau(liae

g ]tispllin" otakiensis

urIIIIIIIII Miseiiina compr{issa

wa Misellina o]gae

w 2

tso

L.

bo

635

as

1940

l942

1942

1948

l948

l956

l959

l959

l963

1963

l963

1963

Fig. 4. Geographical distribution of Misellina in Artinskian and Kungrian

V. Description ofspecies from the Kitakami Mountains

GenusMisellina ScHENcK and THoMpsoN, l940

Misellina ScHENcK and THoMpsoN, p. 587.Misellina, DuNBAR and HENBEsT, p. 86.

BrevaJcina, l)uNBAR and HENBEsT, p. 86.

MiselliHa, THoMpsoN, pp. 58-59.

Brevaacina, THoMpsoN, p.59.

Misellina, CHEN, p. Ie, 50.

Brevaxina, M,-MAcLAy, Rausei=CHERNousovA, and RosovsKAyA

OcHoBbl rla"eoHTonorKH,p.214.

Misellina, M.-MAcLAy, Rauser-CHERNousovA, and RosovsKAyAOcHoBbl na"eoHTonorHM,p.214.Breva)cina, IsHizAKi, pp.5i-54.

Misellina, KANMERA, p. IIO.

Misellina, M.-MAcLAy, p. 262.

Brevaxina, M.-MAcLAy, p. 26l.

ill

ill

636

l963

l963

i964

l964

l964

l968

1968

l970

D, R. CHoi

Misellina, SHENG, pp.90,22l.

Brevaxina, SHENG, pp.92,223.

Brevaxina, [l]HoM?soN, p.C427.

Mlsellina, THoMpsoN, p.C427.Misellina, LEvEN, pp. 28-30.

Misellina, HANzAwA, pp. 249-2Si.

Brevaxina, HANzAwA, p. 25l.

Misellina, OzAwA, pp. 45-46.

[l]ype species: Misellina ovalis (DEpRAT), l9l5

Generic diagnosis: Shell ls minute to small, staffe!lolclal to ellipsoidal. Inner

one or two volutions are mostly endothyroidal. Spirotheca is thin to moderate

in thicl<ness, and alveolar. Parachomata are well developed throughout growth.

Forainina are well developed. Septula are thoroughiy absent.

Miseilina otakiensis (HuziMoTo)

Pl. I, flgs. 3-1 7.

I936 Pseudodoliolina otakiensis HuziMoTo, pp. 110-lll,pl. 22, figs. I-S.

I939 Doliolina dJyhrenfurthi DuTKEvlcH, p. 42, figs. 3-5.

I9S6 Misellina minor,IGo, pp. 299-23-, pl. I9, figs. 10, 1l.

I9S7 Brevaxina dyhrenfttrthi, M.-MAcLAy, pp. IIO, 1i3, pl. 3, fig. I.

I957 Misellina ibukiensis KoBAyAsHi, pp. 297--298, pi. 1, figs. 20-28.

I9S9 Breva)cina dyhrenfurthi, OcHoBbi rladieoBTo"opthpt,pl. 10, fig. 8.

1961 Misellina ibttkiensis, MoRiKAwA and IsoMi, pp. 25-26, pi. 21, figs. I-i8.

I962 Misellina sp. A, SuyARi, p. 34, pl. IO, fig. I2.

I963 Misellina cylindFica, lsmzAKi, pp. S6-S7, S9, pl. 9, figs. 3-5.

1963 Misellina aff. ibukiensis, IsHizAm, p. 9, figs. 6, 7.

1963 Misellina subelliptica, lsHizAKi, pp. 61-62, pl. 9, figs. 8-18.

1963 BrevaJ(;ina hataii IsmzAKi, pp. 62-63, pl. 9, figs. 19-22.

I963 Misellina aliciae, lsmzAKI, pp. S5-S6, pl. 9, figs. 1,2.

I966 MisellinaotaiSAKAGucm and SuGANo, pp. I4S-l47, figs. I-l2.

1967 Misellina otakiensis, LEvEN, pp. I82-l83, pl. 29, figs. I-3.

I968 Misellina ibukiensis, KoiKE, HAsHiMoTo and SATo, p. 207,pl.32, figs.

I, 2.

I970 Misellina (Bre}?axina) sp.nov., T. OzAwA, pl. 2, figs. I2-l4.

i970 7;4isellina sp., T. OzAwA, pl. 3, figs. 14, IS.

Lectotype: The author here chooses the lectotype ofthis species as fig. 2,

on plate 22, illustrated by HuzlMoTo (i936).

Material: UHR l9590-l959S and UHR 19463. All specimens are de-posited in our Ui'iiversity.

CLASSIFICA3"ION AND PHYLOGENY OF GENUS iT{tlSELLIAC4 637

Description: Shell ls very small, almost spherial to subsphericai with

weakly umbiiicatecl po}e regions, giving form ratio ofO.9 to O.93. Matgre shell

possesses S}4t to 7 volutions, wlth axial length ofO.S6 to 1.2 mm and the width

of O.6 to l.3 mm. The shell is endothyroidal in the first volution, then assumes

subspherical in shape. Form ratio of the half Iength to the half width of the

first to the seventh volution is abo"t O.49, O.63, O.81, O.82, O.84, O.94, and

O.94, respectively, in average of three specimens.

Proloculus is small with outside diameter of 6e to 70 microns.

Spirotheca is thick for the size of the shell. It is coarsely alveolar. Its

thickness is 8 niicrons in the first, 12.5 in the second, l2.6 in the third,l9.7 in

the fourth, 22.8 in the fifth, 29.S in the sixth, and 24.7 in the seventh

vo}L}tions in average of four specimens, respectively.

Paraclitomata are dense, broad and Iow, of which the top bluntly rounded.

Foramina are small, and almost spherical.

Remarks: The present form is characteristic in its small, suspherical to

staffelloidal shell. It reveals broad variation in shell shape and size, mode of

development of chomata, thickness of the spirotheca and size of prolocL}ius.

Soine of spechnens are close to Misellina ibukiensis (Fig. 1O), aRd the others are

to Misellina dyhrenfttrthi or Misellina otakiensis s. str. (figs. 3, 6, l2, l4, }7).

However, they are here collectively included inMisellina otakiensis.

The preseRt form is one of the most primitive Misellina from itsmorphological characteristics and stratigraplitical evidences, although it is

slightly different in general from Misellina otakiensis s. str. which is considered

as an ancestor ofMisellina in tliemode ofdevelopment ofparachomata, and it

is rather included inMisellina d.yhrenfurthi variety.

The present form is associated with `{l]lseudofusulina" vuigaris, Psettdo-

jusulina sp., thrachwagerina (Acervoschwagerina) sp., Nagatoella minatoi,

7>"iticites spp., Ferganites langsonensis, aBd IIbriyamaia laxiseptata etc. in the

lowest stratigraphical position, and Paraf'usulina af£ multiseptata, Psettdo-.fusulina fttsijbrmis and Nagatoella minatoi in the highest horizon. Therefore, it

ranges from the midclle to the upper Sakamotosawa serles, lower Permian.

MiseUina claNtiiae (DEpRAT), l912

Pl. I, fjg. 1, 2 (?)

l912 Doliolina elaudiae DEpRAT, pp. 44-4S, pl. 4, figs. 5-9.

I9l5 Doliolina termieri DEpRAT, pp. 17-l8, pl. 3, figs. I5-20.

I915 Doliolina minor DEpRAT, pp. I8--19, pl. 3, figs. 21-25.

I91S Doliolina subelliptica DEpRAT, pp. I9-20, pl. 3, figs. 5, 6. ,'

1925a Verbeekina claudiae, OzAwA, pl. 2, figs. 1,2.

I925b J/erbeekina claudiae, OzAwA, pp.52-53,pl. -11, figs. 9-Il.

638 D. R. CHol

1927 Verbeekina claudiae, OzAwA, pl. 34, figs. 1-3.

1934 Doliolina claudiae, LEE,pl. 2, figs. 5, Sa.

1934 Doliolina claudiae, CHEN, pp.99-IOO,pl. I6, figs. I3-20.

1935 Doliolina af£ claudiae, GuBLER, p. I03,pl. 5,sfig. 13.1936 Doliolina claudiae, HuziMoTo (FunMoTo), pp. 104-I05,pl.21, figs.

4-9.I936 Doliolina minor, HuziMoTo (FunMoTo) pp. I05-106, pl. 21, figs.

IO-12.I936 Doliolina claudiae, [rHoMpsoN,, p. 20,pl. 2, fig.3.

I949 Misellina (Misellina]clattdiae, M.-MAcLAy, p. I06.

1956 Misellina af£ elaudiae, KANMERA, pl. 36, fig. 15.I957 Misellina cf. M. elaudiae, KoBAyAsHi, pp. 296-297, pl. 1, fig. I9.

1958 Misellina claudiae, SAI<AGucm, pp. 89-90, pl. 4, figs. Ia, lb, 2.

1958 Misellina elaudiae, ToRlyAMA, pp. 208-21l,pl. 39, figs. I-l9.

1960 Misellina elattdiae, KANuMA, pp. 64-65,pl.I1, figs. 2-9.

1961 Misellina clattdiae, NoGAMi, pp. 169--l71, pl. 7, figs. 7-9.

I962 Misellina claudiae, IsmzAKi, pp. I66-167, pl. IO, figs. Il-17.

I962 Misellina cycloidea, IsHizAKi, pp. I67-169, pl. IO, figs. 18-21;pl. Il,

figs. 1, 2.

1962 Misellina cf. M. termieri, SuyARi, p. 33,pl. IO, figs. 6-8.

I963 Misellina claudiae, HANzAwA and MuRATA, pl. 6, fig. 7, 8.

1963 Misellina claudiae, KANMERA, pp. 1IO-112, pl. I4, figs. 7-14.

I963 Misellina claudiae, SHENG, p. 91, 222--223, pl. 28, figs. 15;pl. 30, figs.

12-19.･1963 Misellina subelliptica, lsHizAKi, pp. 61-62, pl. 9, figs. 8-l8.

I964 Misellina termieri, LEvEN, pl. 1, figs. 7-9.

1968 Misellina claudiae, KoiKE, IJIAsmMoTo and SATo, pp.2e6-207,pl.32,

figs. 3, 4.

Material; UHR l8339b, UHR l8343a, and some other ill-oriented and

ill-preseiNed specimens.

Lectotype: Lectotype of this species was chosen by rl]oRiyAMA (1958) as

DEpRAT's (1912) fig. 5, on plate 4.

Description: Shell is minute, almost spherical. Outer few volutions are

always missed as to prevent to measure the size of fL}ll grown shell. But the

inature shell possessing eight volutions is estiiinated to have the length of l.84

inm and the width of 1.66 mm, giving form ratio of about l.1. The first one or

two volutions are inore or less staffelloiclal with slightly uirnbilical pole regions.

But beyond the second volution the axis becomes gradually extended laterally.

Height of volution is O.0350 in the first volution, O.085, in the fourth, and O.16

mm in the ot}termost volt}tions in an illustrated specimen (pl. I, fig. 1).

CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY OF GENUS MASELLI]NC4 639

Proloculus is minite and larger than O.050 mm in diameter. Spirotheca is

coiinposed of tectum and coarse alveoli. Its thickness is graduaily thickened

towards outer volutions; O.020 rnm in tlne fourth. Septa are straight. Number of

septa in the middle volutions is l7 to 18 in a parallel section. Parachomata are

well developed througlaout the shell. They are broadly based with rounded

surface in cross section

Remarks: Although material is not unfavorable for detailed investigation,

the present form is comparable with Misellina claudiae in all available features

This form is associated with `[Pseudofttsttlina" kraLl[fZi, and stratigraphically

it occurs from the upper Sakamotosawa series. A specimen which isquestionably assigned to this species (pl. 1, fig. 2) was yielded from the lower

Sakamotosawa series in association with `LPseudofasulina" vttigaris, Aldgatoella

minatoi, Schwagerina c£ krotovvi, and `Tseudofusulina" kraMi. This specimenmay be a primitive form ofMisellina clattdiae.

Acknowledgements: The author here acknowledges with best regards to

Prof. M. KATo who read the paper in manuscript and gave hiin fruitfull

st}ggestions. His cordial thanks are also extended to Pro£ M. MINATo for hiskind guidance throughout his fust}linid study.

References cited

CHEN, S. (l934): Fusulinidae of South China. part I. Palaeont. Sinica, ser. B,

vol. 4, fas. 2, pp. I-･l33, pls. I-l6.

(1956): Fusulinidae of South China, part 2. ibid., new ser. B, no. 6,

pp. 17-7I, pls. I-l4.DEpRAT, 3. (1912): Etude des Fusulinides de Chine et d'Indochine et

Classification des Calcaires b Fusulines. Mem. Serv. Geol. de l7ndochine ' vol. 1, fas. 3, pp. I-76, pls. I-9.

(I9l5): Les Fusulinid6s des Calcaires Carboniferiens et Permiens du

Tonkin, du Laos et du Nord-Annam. ibid. Voi. 4, fas. 1, pp. I-30, pls. 1-3.

pis. 1-3.

DouGLAss, R. (l967): Permian Tethyan fusulinids from California. Geol. Surv. Prof Paper 593-A, Cont. Paleont., pp. Al-Al3, pls. i-6.

DuNBAR, C. O. and HENBERT, L. G. (l942): Pennsylvanian fusulinidae of Illinois. Illinois State Geol. Surv. BulL, no. 67, pp. I--218, pls. I-23.

'GuBLER, T. (l935): Les Fusulinides du Permien du l'Indochine, leur structure

et leur clqssification. Soc. GeoL R'ance, Mem., new ser., tome XI, fas. 4,

no. 26, pp. 1-1 73, pls. I-8.

HANzAwA, S. (1968): Larger foraniinifera, Asakttra Shoten, pp. 1-300, pls.

1-90. (In Japanese)

andMurata,M.(l963): The paleontologic and Stratigraphic

640 D. R. CI･Iol considerations on the Neoschwagei'lnlnae ancl Verbeekininae. with the descriptions oi' sonie fusulinicl foraininifera i'rom the Kitakaini Mass"",

Japan. ScL Repis. Tohokti UniJ?,, Sendai, ser. 2, (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 1, pp.

1-3l, p}s. 1-20.

}-luziMoTo, H. (=FuJiMoi'o, H) (l936): Stratigraphjcal and palaeontological

studies ot' the Titibu system of the Kwanto-Mountainland. Part ll, Palaeontolog,y. Sci. Rep, 7'k)kro Bitiirika Daigakit, scc, C, vol. 1, no, 2. , pp,

2･ 9-l25, pls. I --26.

IGo, H. (19S6): Notes on tlie Osobuclani conglomerate ancl some iower Per]nian fusulinids contained in its }iniestone pebbles. Part ll. (On a new type of the wall structure ol" fusulinids). Sci. Rep. Tt)k.vo K.)'oikti Daigaku,

sec. C, (Geol, Mineral. & Geogr.), vo}. 4-, no. 40, pp. 293-302. , pls. 18-19.

}sHizAm. K. (1962･ ): Stratigi'aphical and paleontological studies ol' the

Onogahara tmd its neighbouring area Kochi ancl Ehime Prefectures, Southwest Japan. Sci. Rep. 7bhoktt Univ., Sendai, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 95-l 85. pls. 7-1 2･ .

(l963): Verbeekininae froni the inferred upper Wolfcampian limestone in the west ot' Ryoseki, Kochi Prefecture. TIF'ans. Proc.. PlriiaeonL Soc. .ltzpan, new ser., no. 50, pp. 51-64, p]. 9.

KANMERA. K. (1956): 7bri.vaniaia, a new Permian fLisu3inid genus t"rom the Kuma Massif, Kyushu, Japan. TIF'ans, Proc. Pakieont. Soc. .lapan, new ser.,

no 24, pp. 2･ 51-u2･ 57, p}. 36.

(l963): Fusulines ot' the middle Permian Kozaki formation of Southern Kyushu. Mem. ]Fkrc, ScL, K.)?ttshit Uni}?., ser. D, Geo}., vol. 14,

no. 2, pp. 79-141. pls. I1-l 9.

KANuMA. M. (i960): Stratigraph;ca} and Paleontological studies of the Southern part of the Hicla P}ateau and the North-eastern part of the Mino

Mountain}and, central Japan. Part 2, Paleontology, no. 4, BulL 7bkyo Gakugei Univ., vol. I 1, pp. 5S-･83, pls. 1O-13.

KoBAyAsHl, M. (1957): Paleontological study of tlie Ibukiyama }imestone, Shiga Prefecture, central Japan. Sci. Rep. Tokyo K.yoiku Daigaku, sec. C,

Geol, Minera}. & Geogr., vol. 5, no. 48, pp. 247-･31 1, pls. I-10.

KoiKE, T.,Hashk'noto, W., and SATo, T. (1968): Fusulinicl-bearing limestone

pebbles found in the Agbahag Conglomerate, Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Geol, Paleoji. Southeast Asia, vo]. 4, pp. 198-210, pls. 31-32.

LEE, J. S. (1934): Taxonomic criteria of fusulinidae with notes on seven new Perinian genera. A4eJn. AJational Research lnst. (,-eology, no. I4. pp. 1-32.

pls. 1-5. LEVEN, A. Ya. (1964): KcMcTeMaTi{Ke ceMei"icTBa Verbeekinidae (Fusu}inida). rlaAeoHTon. >KypH. Ro. 4, K3A. AH CCCP, pp･

23-3 i･ Pl･ 1･･ l･ . T,,.1,lz,g7s'1,.gTg:,]-::Isia,/ilii16,z.:.,;.zye",r.kiLn,sbi.,,",yezp;Mi::ffex//s,:kex:Ei,Sie¥,lg,:gli.,

no.3, pp. I8-25, pls. I-2.

CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY OF GENUS ivaSELLLIVA 64,1

M.-Maclay,A.D.(1957): HeKoTopbie (Py3ynMHMAbi rlepMli KpbiMa.YqeRbie 3a"McKM J'IFY, no.225. Cep･ FeoJi. HayK, Bbin. 9, pp. 93-159, p}s.

I-l 4. ･ (l963):BepxHMM fianeo3oM Cpenlieta A3M". Iil3n. JIeHKHppaA. YH-Ta, pp.I-328. ,Rauser-CHERNousovA, D. M. and RosovsKAyA. S. A. (1959): OTpAA Fusulinida, OcHoBbl na.neoHToJIorliM,o61uaAgacTbnpocTeMLuMe,

va3fi. AHCCCP.MoRIKAwA, R. and lsoMi, H. (l961): Studies ofPermian fusulinidsin the Iilast of Lake Biwa, central Japan. Geol. Sttrv. lapan, Rep., no. I91, pp. I-30,

pls. 1--: l.

NoGAMi, Y. (l961): Permische Fusuliniden aus dem Atetsu-Plateau SUdwest- japans. Teil 2, Verbeekininae, Neoschwagerininae u. a., Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, vol. 28, no. 2, Geol. Mineral., Art. 3, pp. 159-242,

pls. I-7.

OzAwA, T. (l970): Notes on the phylogeny and classification of the superfamily Verbeekinoidea (Studies of the Permian Verbeekinoidean Foraminifera-I). Mem. Ilac. Sci. Kyblshu Uni}?., Ser. D, Geol., vol. 20, no.

I, pp. 17--58, pls. 1--9.

OzAwA, Y. (192Sa): On the ciassification of fusulinidae. four. Coll. Sci., 7;okyo

imp. Univ,, vol. 45, art. 4, pp. 1-26, pls. I-4.

(1925b): Paleontological and stratigraphica} studies on the Permo-

Carboniferous limestone of Nagato. Part II. Paleontology. ibid., vol. 45,

art. 5, pp. I-90, pls. 1-l4.

(l927): Stratigraphical studies of the fLisulina limestone of Akasaka, Province of Mino. JIOttr. lkc. Sci., imp. Univ. Tt)kLyo, sec. 2, Geol., Mineral., Georg., Seismol., vol. 2, part 3, pp. I2l-l64, pls. 34-45.SAKAGAMI, S. (1958): Fusulinicls fi'om the upper }'ermian cong]omerates of the

northern part of ltsukaichi, Tokyo-to, Japan. .IOur. Hokkaido Gakugei Univ., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 72-97, pls. I-4.

SAKAGAMi, S. and SuGANo, K. (1966): A new species ofMisellina from the Akiyoshi limestone at the Kaerimizu Sink Hole, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Southwest Japan. Mejn. Osaka Gakttgei C7niv., B. Natur. Sci., no. I5, pp.

143-149, figs. I-l 2.

SCHENCK, H. G. and THoMpsoN, M. L. (l940): Misellina and Brevaxina, new Permian fusulinid forai'ninifera. .lottr. Paleont., vol. I'4, ho. 6, pp. 584-589.

SHENG, J. C. (1963): Permian fusulinids of Kwangsi, Kueichow Szechuan. Palaeont. Sinica, new ser. IO, pp. 1-247, pls. i-36.

SUyARi, K. (l962): Geological and palaeontological studies in central and

eastern Shikoku, Japan. Part 2, Palaeontology. Jibttr. Gakugei Tbkushima Uni}?., vol. I2, pp. I-64, pls. I-l2.

THOMPSoN,, M. L. (l936): Nagatoella, A new genus of Permian fusulinids. 7')'ans. Proc. .Ptilaeont. Soc. Jlapan, nov. 2, pp. I5-22, pl. 2.

(1948): Studies of American fusulinids. Univ. IkfZznsas Paleont.

64･2 D. R, CHol

Contr., Protozoa, Art. 1, pp. 1-184, pls. I-38.

(1964): Fusulinacea. In treatise on lnvertebrate Palaeontology, Part

C, Protista 2, pp. C358-C436.ToRiyAMA, R. (1947): On some ft}sulinids from Tosayama, Koti--Ken, Sikoku, with a note on the stratigraphical range of Neoschwagerina. Iap. Ibur. Geol, Geogr., vol. 20, no. 2--4, pp. 63-82, pls. 16vl7.

(1958): Geology of Akiyoshi. Part 3, Fusuiinids of Akiyoshi, Mem. ]Fkec. Sci., Kyushu Univ., ser. D, Geol., vol. 7, pp. I-264, pls. 1-48.

pis. 1-48.

(Manuscript received September 17, l971)

643CLASSIFICATION　AND　P｝｛YLOGENY　OF　GENUS溺3Eゐム醐4

XPLANATIONAND1PLATE

644

Explanation of Plate l

Misellina claudiae (DEpRAT)

Fig. 1: Tangential section. UHR 10339b. Loc. East of Suwa shrine, Yahagi-cho (town),

collected by T:YAsUDA.x20,?Fig. 2: Tangential section. Note the well developed parachomata. A primitive form? of

Misellina claudiae, obtained from the lower Sakamotosawa series, }ower Permian, in

Aibata, a smal} tributary of the Yt}kisawa. x20.

Misellina otakiensis (guzlMoTo)

Axial sections:

Fig. 3: UHR 19592-lc, x20, fig. 4; UHR 195929, fig. S; Enlarged figure of fig. I4,UHR 19592 ･3a, x60, fig. 6; Enlarged part of fig, 3, UHR 19592-lb, x50, fig. 10; Slightly

deformed, UHR 19592-la, x20. fig. i2; A deformed specimen. UHR 19592-3b, x20. fig. 13; UHR 19592-4b x20. fig. 14; UHR l9592-3a, x20. fig. 17; UHR 1959l-lc, x10. A}l specimens are from Kattisawa, SetamaLSagittal sections:

Fig. 7: UHR 19592-2c, x20. fig. 8; UHR 19592-3c, x20. fig. 9; Slightly obliquely cut

sagittal section. UHR 19463b, x20. fig. IS; UHR 19590, xlO.

Tangential sections:

Fig. 11: UHR 19595-8, x20, fig. 16; UHR l9592-6a, xlO. Fig. I8 shows the association of

Misellina otakiensis with Ferganites langsonensis (SAURIN) and Pseudojusulina

sp., UHR 19592-2, xlO.

(All specimens were obtained from Setamai-Yahagi district, Southern Kitakami Mountains,

Japan.)

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