class average for exam i 70. fe(oh) 3 fe 3+ (aq) + 3 oh - (aq) [fe 3+ ][oh - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Class average for Exam I
70
![Page 2: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fe(OH)3Fe3+
(aq) + 3 OH-(aq)
[Fe3+][OH-]3 = 1.1 x 10-36
[y][3y]3 = 1.1 x 10-36
If there is another source of OH- (NaOH)
that provides a higher [OH-] then that is
the value of [OH-] to be used.
![Page 3: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
pH and solubility
![Page 4: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CaCO3(s) + H3O+(aq) Ca2+
(aq) + HCO3-(aq)
+ H2O(l)
![Page 5: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CaCO3(s) + H3O+(aq) Ca2+
(aq) + HCO3-(aq)
+ H2O(l)
Net ionic equation.
![Page 6: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CaCO3(s) + H3O+(aq) Ca2+
(aq) + HCO3-(aq)
+ H2O(l)
CaCO3 calcium carbonate, present in
both limestone and marble.
![Page 7: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CaCO3(s) + H3O+(aq) Ca2+
(aq) + HCO3-(aq)
+ H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) Ca2+(aq) + CO3
2-(aq)
![Page 8: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CaCO3(s) + H3O+(aq) Ca2+
(aq) + HCO3-(aq)
+ H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) Ca2+(aq) + CO3
2-(aq)
CO32-(aq) + H3O+(aq) H2O(l) +
HCO3-(aq)
Ksp = [Ca2+][CO32-]
![Page 9: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CaCO3(s) + H3O+(aq) Ca2+
(aq) + HCO3-(aq)
+ H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) Ca2+(aq) + CO3
2-(aq)
CO32-(aq) + H3O+(aq) H2O(l) +
HCO3-(aq)
Any reaction favoring the formation of HCO3-
favors the solution of a solid carbonate .
Ksp = [Ca2+][CO32-]
![Page 10: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
![Page 11: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp
![Page 12: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
![Page 13: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
Increase solubility of Zn(OH)2 by
lowering pH.
![Page 14: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
Increase solubility of Zn(OH)2 by
lowering pH.
Removal of product, OH-, shifts equilibriumto right.
![Page 15: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = ? @ pH = 7
![Page 16: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = ? @ pH = 7
[Zn2+] = y
![Page 17: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = ? @ pH = 7
[Zn2+] = y
(y)(2y)2 = Ksp
![Page 18: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = ? @ pH = 7
[Zn2+] = y
(y)(2y)2 = Ksp = 4y3 = 4.5 x 10-17
![Page 19: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = ? @ pH = 7
[Zn2+] = y
(y)(2y)2 = Ksp = 4y3 = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = 2.2 x 10-6 M [OH-] = 4.4 x 10-6 M
![Page 20: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = ? @ pH = 6
[Zn2+] = y
buffered
pH = 6, [H3O+] = 10-6
[OH-] = Kw
[H3O+]
![Page 21: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = ? @ pH = 6
[Zn2+] = y
buffered
pH = 6, [H3O+] = 10-6
[OH-] = Kw
[H3O+]=
1 x 10-14
10-6= 10-8
![Page 22: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[OH-] = 1 x 10-8
(y)(1 x 10-8)2 = 4.5 x 10-17
![Page 23: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[OH-] = 1 x 10-8
(y)(1 x 10-8)2 = 4.5 x 10-17
y = 4.5 x 10-17
1 x 10-16
![Page 24: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[OH-] = 1 x 10-8
(y)(1 x 10-8)2 = 4.5 x 10-17
y = 4.5 x 10-17
1 x 10-16= 4.5 x 10-1
![Page 25: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[OH-] = 1 x 10-8
(y)(1 x 10-8)2 = 4.5 x 10-17
y = 4.5 x 10-17
1 x 10-16= 4.5 x 10-1
[Zn2+] = 0.45 M
![Page 26: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = 0.45 MpH = 6
pH = 7 [Zn2+] = 0.0000022 M
![Page 27: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = 0.45 MpH = 6
pH = 7 [Zn2+] = 0.0000022 M
[OH-] = 2[Zn2+]
![Page 28: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = 0.45 MpH = 6
pH = 7 [Zn2+] = 0.0000022 M
[OH-] = 2[Zn2+] = 4.4 x 10-6 M
![Page 29: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Zn(OH)2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH-
(aq)
[Zn2+][OH-]2 = Ksp = 4.5 x 10-17
[Zn2+] = 0.45 MpH = 6
pH = 8.6 [Zn2+] = 0.0000022 M
[OH-] = 2[Zn2+] = 4.4 x 10-6 M
![Page 30: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
![Page 31: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
![Page 32: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
Reduce pH, increase [H3O+]
![Page 33: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
Reduce pH, increase [H3O+]
Increase [H3O+] : equilibrium
![Page 34: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
NaA(s) Na+(aq) + A-
(aq)
conjugatebase
![Page 35: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
NaA(s) Na+(aq) + A-
(aq)
A-(aq) + H3O+
(aq) HA(aq) + H2O(l)
![Page 36: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
NaA(s) Na+(aq) + A-
(aq)
A-(aq) + H3O+
(aq) HA(aq) + H2O(l)
Reduce pH, increase [H3O+]
![Page 37: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
NaA(s) Na+(aq) + A-
(aq)
A-(aq) + H3O+
(aq) HA(aq) + H2O(l)
Reduce pH, increase [H3O+], reduce [A-]
![Page 38: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Solubility of salts of
weak acids
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-
(aq)
NaA(s) Na+(aq) + A-
(aq)
A-(aq) + H3O+
(aq) HA(aq) + H2O(l)
Reduce pH, increase [H3O+], reduce [A-], increase [Na+]
![Page 39: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Using common ions to separate
mixtures of ions.
![Page 40: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Using common ions to separate
mixtures of ions.
Separating ions which share a
group is difficult - they have
very similar chemistries.
![Page 41: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Using common ions to separate
mixtures of ions.
I II VII
Na+ Ca2+ Cl-
K+ Ba2+ I-
![Page 42: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
M1X M1+ + X-
M2X M2+ + X-
![Page 43: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
M1X M1+ + X-
M2X M2+ + X-
If the solution is not saturated for
either M1X or M2X, there will
be no solid present.
![Page 44: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
M1X M1+ + X-
M2X M2+ + X-
As [X-] is increased, at some point
precipitation will occur.
![Page 45: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
M1X M1+ + X-
M2X M2+ + X-
If Ksp for M1X and Ksp for M2X
differ by a large enough amount,
one will precipitate and the other
will remain in solution.
![Page 46: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 47: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
![Page 48: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
![Page 49: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
Q = [Ba2+][F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
![Page 50: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
Q = [Ba2+][F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
![Page 51: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
Q = [Ba2+][F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
Q = [Ca2+][F-]2 > 3.9 x 10-11
![Page 52: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
Q = [Ba2+][F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
Q = [Ca2+][F-]2 > 3.9 x 10-11
Q > Ksp precipitate
![Page 53: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
Q = [Ba2+][F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
Q = [Ca2+][F-]2 > 3.9 x 10-11
Q > Ksp precipitate
Adjust [F-]so maximumCa2+ precipitateswith no Ba2+
precipitate.
![Page 54: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6
![Page 55: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 56: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
[F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
[Ba2+]
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 57: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
[F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
[Ba2+]=
1.7 x 10-6
0.10
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 58: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
[F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
[Ba2+]=
1.7 x 10-6
0.10= 1.7 x 10-5
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 59: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
[F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
[Ba2+]=
1.7 x 10-6
0.10= 1.7 x 10-5
[F-] < 4.1 x 10-3
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 60: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6Ksp (BaF2) = [Ba2+][F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6
Q < Ksp no precipitate
[F-]2 < 1.7 x 10-6
[Ba2+]=
1.7 x 10-6
0.10= 1.7 x 10-5
[F-] < 4.1 x 10-3 All Ba2+ remains in solution.
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 61: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Ksp (CaF2) = [Ca2+][F-]2 = 3.9 x 10-11
Q > Ksp precipitate
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
[Ba2+] = [Ca2+] = 0.10 M
![Page 62: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Ksp (CaF2) = [Ca2+][F-]2 = 3.9 x 10-11
Q > Ksp precipitate
[F-]2 > 3.9 x 10-11
0.10
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 63: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Ksp (CaF2) = [Ca2+][F-]2 = 3.9 x 10-11
Q > Ksp precipitate
[F-]2 > 3.9 x 10-11
0.10= 3.9 x 10-10
[F-] > 2.0 x 10-5 CaF2(s) starts toprecipitate
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 64: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
[F-] > 2.0 x 10-5 CaF2(s) starts toprecipitate
[F-] < 4.1 x 10-3 All Ba2+ remains in solution.
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 65: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
[F-] > 2.0 x 10-5 CaF2(s) starts toprecipitate
[F-] < 4.1 x 10-3 All Ba2+ remains in solution.
How to reduce [Ca2+] to as low a levelas possible without BaF2 precipitation?
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 66: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
[F-] < 4.1 x 10-3 All Ba2+ remains in solution.
Adjust [F-] to 0.0041 M
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 67: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
[F-] < 4.1 x 10-3 All Ba2+ remains in solution.
Adjust [F-] to 0.0041 M
How much Ca2+ remains in solution?
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
![Page 68: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
Adjust [F-] to 0.0041 M
Ksp = [Ca2+][F-]2 = 3.9 x 10-11
[Ca2+] =3.9 x 10-11
[F-]2
![Page 69: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
Adjust [F-] to 0.0041 M
Ksp = [Ca2+][F-]2 = 3.9 x 10-11
[F-]2=
3.9 x 10-113.9 x 10-11
(4.1 x 10-3)2
2.3 x 10-6[Ca2+] =
[Ca2+] =
![Page 70: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Adjust [F-] to 0.0041 M
0.10 M CaF2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
0.10 M BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 F-
(aq)
[Ba2+] = 1.7 x 10-6
(4.1 x 10-3)2= 0.10 M
2.3 x 10-6[Ca2+] =
CaF2 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11
BaF2 Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6
![Page 71: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
MS M2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
Ksp = [M2+][S2-]
![Page 72: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
MS M2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
Ksp = [M2+][S2-]
S2- Is a strong base
![Page 73: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
MS M2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
Ksp = [M2+][S2-]
S2- Is a strong base
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Kb =[HS-][OH-]
[S2-]
![Page 74: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
MS M2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
Ksp = [M2+][S2-]
S2- Is a strong base
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Kb =[HS-][OH-]
[S2-] 105
![Page 75: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
MS M2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
Ksp = [M2+][S2-]
S2- Is a strong base
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Kb =[HS-][OH-]
[S2-] 105
Ksp = [M2+][HS-][OH-]
![Page 76: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
MS M2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [M2+][HS-][OH-]
Lower pH, lower [OH-], higher [M2+]
Ksp metal sulfides < 10-10
![Page 77: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
![Page 78: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
Buffer solution to pH = 2
![Page 79: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
Buffer solution to pH = 2
[H3O+] = 1 x 10-2
![Page 80: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
Buffer solution to pH = 2
[H3O+] = 1 x 10-2 [OH-] =1 x 10-14
1 x 10-2
![Page 81: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
Buffer solution to pH = 2
[OH-] =1 x 10-14
1 x 10-2= 1 x 10-12
![Page 82: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
Buffer solution to pH = 2
[OH-] = 1 x 10-12
![Page 83: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
Buffer solution to pH = 2
[OH-] = 1 x 10-12
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
![Page 84: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
[OH-] = 1 x 10-12
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
Ka =[H3O+][HS-]
[H2S]= 9.1 x 10-8
Buffer solution to pH = 2 [H2S] = 0.10 M
![Page 85: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
[OH-] = 1 x 10-12
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
Ka =(0.01)[HS-]
(0.10)= 9.1 x 10-8
![Page 86: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
[OH-] = 1 x 10-12
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
Ka =(0.01)[HS-]
(0.10)= 9.1 x 10-8
[HS-] = (0.10)(9.1 x 10-8)/(0.01) = 9.1 x 10-7
![Page 87: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
[OH-] = 1 x 10-12
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
[HS-] = 9.1 x 10-7
[Cd2+] = (7 x 10-28)/(9.1 x 10-7)(1 x 10-12)
![Page 88: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
[OH-] = 1 x 10-12
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
[HS-] = 9.1 x 10-7
[Cd2+] = (7 x 10-28)/(9.1 x 10-7)(1 x 10-12) = 8 x 10-10
![Page 89: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
[OH-] = 1 x 10-7
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
Ka =(1 x 10-7)[HS-]
(0.10)= 9.1 x 10-8
[HS-] = (0.1)(9.1 x 10-8)/(1 x 10-7) = 9.1 x 10-2
pH = 7
![Page 90: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Metal sulfides in acidic solution
CdS(s) Cd2+(aq) + S2-
(aq)
S-2(aq) + H2O(l) HS-
(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Cd2+][HS-][OH-] = 7 x 10-28
[OH-] = 1 x 10-7
H2S(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HS-
(aq)
[HS-] = 9.1 x 10-2
[Cd2+] = (7 x 10-28)/(9.1 x 10-2)(1 x 10-7) = 8 x 10-20
![Page 91: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Complex ions
![Page 92: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Complex ions
Metals coordinated to ligands which
can exist independantly as
molecules or ions.
![Page 93: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Ammonia, NH3, and water are
common ligands in complex ions.
![Page 94: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Cobalt(II) chloride
![Page 95: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Cobalt(II) chloride
CoCl2.6H2O
CoCl2.2H2O
![Page 96: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Cobalt(II) chloride
CoCl2.6H2O
[Co(H2O)6]2+ (Cl-)2
CoCl2.2H2O
blue
purple
magenta
![Page 97: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
2+
[Co(H2O)6]2+
![Page 98: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Solubilities of complex ions
Equilibria involving complex ions
may involve multi-step processes
in which individual ligands are
added or removed.
![Page 99: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Cobalt(II) chloride
CoCl2.6H2O
[Co(H2O)6]2+ (Cl-)2
CoCl2.2H2O
blue
purple
magenta
These species are quite soluble.
![Page 100: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Ag+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)+
![Page 101: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Ag+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)+(aq)
[Ag(NH3)+]
[Ag+][NH3]= 2.1 x 103K1 =
![Page 102: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
[Ag(NH3)+]
[Ag+][NH3]= 2.1 x 103K1 =
Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2
+(aq)
Ag+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)+
(aq)
![Page 103: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
[Ag(NH3)+]
[Ag+][NH3]= 2.1 x 103K1 =
Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2
+(aq)
Ag+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)+
(aq)
K2 =[Ag(NH3)2
+]
[Ag(NH3)+][NH3]= 8.2 x 103
![Page 104: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
K1, K2 > 103 - large
![Page 105: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
K1, K2 > 103 - large
Ag+ in the presence of excess NH3
is converted to 100% Ag(NH3)2+
![Page 106: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
K1, K2 > 103 - large
Ag+ in the presence of excess NH3
is converted to 100% Ag(NH3)2+.
Add 0.1 M AgNO3 to 1 L of 1 M NH3
![Page 107: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
K1, K2 > 103 - large
Ag+ in the presence of excess NH3
is converted to 100% Ag(NH3)2+.
Add 0.1 M AgNO3 to 1 L of 1 M NH3
Initial condition: [Ag(NH3)2+] = 0.10 M
[NH3] = 0.80 M
![Page 108: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Ag(NH3)2+
( aq) Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq)
K = 1
K2[Ag(NH3)2
+]
[Ag(NH3)+] [NH3] =
Init 0.100 M 0 0.80
![Page 109: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Ag(NH3)2+
( aq) Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq)
K = 1
K2[Ag(NH3)2
+]
[Ag(NH3)+] [NH3] =
Init 0.100 M 0 0.80
-y +y + y
Eq 0.100-y y 0.80 + y
![Page 110: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Ag(NH3)2+
( aq) Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq)
K = 1
8.2 x 103(0.100-y)
(y)(0.80+y)=
Init 0.100 M 0 0.80
-y +y + y
Eq 0.100-y y 0.80 + y
![Page 111: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
K = 1
8.2 x 103(0.100-y)
(y)(0.80+y)=
Assume y is small
8y = 1.2 x 10-4
y = 1.5 x 10-5 M/L
![Page 112: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Ag(NH3)2+
( aq) Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq)
Init 0.100 M 0 0.80
-y +y + y
Eq 0.100 1.5 x 10-5 0.80
![Page 113: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Ag(NH3)+( aq) Ag+
(aq) + NH3(aq)
[Ag+][NH3]
[Ag(NH3)+]=
1
K1
= 4.8 x 10-4
Eq 0.100 1.5 x 10-5 0.80
![Page 114: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Ag(NH3)+( aq) Ag+
(aq) + NH3(aq)
[Ag+][NH3]
[Ag(NH3)+]=
1
K1
= 4.8 x 10-4
Eq 0.100 1.5 x 10-5 0.80
[Ag+] =(1.5 x 10-5)(4.8 x 10-4)
0.80
![Page 115: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Ag(NH3)+( aq) Ag+
(aq) + NH3(aq)
[Ag+][NH3]
[Ag(NH3)+]=
1
K1
= 4.8 x 10-4
Eq 0.100 1.5 x 10-5 0.80
[Ag+] =(1.5 x 10-5)(4.8 x 10-4)
0.80=
9 x 10-9 M/L
![Page 116: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Ag+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)+
(aq)
Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2
+(aq)
9 x 10-9 0.80 1.5 x 10-5
1.5 x 10-5 0.80 0.10
![Page 117: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Formation of complex ions starting
with AgCl.
![Page 118: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
Ksp = 1.6 x 10-10
By adding NaCl, increase in [Cl-]
(common ion effect) causes shift
to AgCl(s)
![Page 119: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Ksp = 1.6 x 10-10
Ag+(s) + 2 Cl-
(aq) AgCl2-
(aq)
AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
[AgCl2-]
[Ag+][Cl-]2K = 1.8 x 105 =
![Page 120: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Ksp = 1.6 x 10-10
Ag+(s) + 2 Cl-
(aq) AgCl2-
(aq)
AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
[AgCl2-]
[Ag+][Cl-]2K = 1.8 x 105 =
[Ag+] = [Cl-] = 1.3 x 10-5
![Page 121: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Ksp = 1.6 x 10-10
Ag+(s) + 2 Cl-
(aq) AgCl2-
(aq)
AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
[AgCl2-] [Ag+][Cl-]2 = (1.8 x 105)
[Ag+] = [Cl-] = 1.3 x 10-5
![Page 122: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Ksp = 1.6 x 10-10
Ag+(s) + 2 Cl-
(aq) AgCl2-
(aq)
AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
[Ag+] = [Cl-] = 1.3 x 10-5
[AgCl2-] (1.3 x 10-5)3 =
4 x 10-10
= (1.8 x 105)
[AgCl2-] [Ag+][Cl-]2 = (1.8 x 105)
![Page 123: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Ksp = 1.6 x 10-10
Ag+(s) + 2 Cl-
(aq) AgCl2-
(aq)
AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
[Ag+] = 1.3 x 10-5
[AgCl2-] (1.3 x 10-5) =
2.34 M = (1.8 x 105)
[AgCl2-] [Ag+][Cl-]2 = (1.8 x 105)
Change [Cl-] 1 M
![Page 124: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Hydrolysis by complex ions
![Page 125: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
+ H2O(l)
+ H3O+
![Page 126: Class average for Exam I 70. Fe(OH) 3 Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) [Fe 3+ ][OH - ] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 [y][3y] 3 = 1.1 x 10 -36 If there is another source of](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050805/5697bfd01a28abf838caa6e5/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
+ H2O(l)
+ H3O+
Ka = [H3O+][Fe(H2O)5OH2+]
[Fe(H2O)63+]
=
7.7 x 10-3