CHAPTER 4 PART TWOTHE CIVIL WAR

1861-1865

CHAPTER 4 PART TWOTHE CIVIL WAR

1861-1865

The First Battle of Bull RunJuly 1861

The First Battle of Bull RunJuly 1861

Ended in a Northerndefeat just outsideWashington, D.C.

Ended their hope ofa quick victory

Where Lt. GeneralThomas Jackson wasgiven the nickname“Stonewall”

Ended in a Northerndefeat just outsideWashington, D.C.

Ended their hope ofa quick victory

Where Lt. GeneralThomas Jackson wasgiven the nickname“Stonewall”

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run

Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

Northern defeat at Bull Run resulted in:Northern defeat at Bull Run resulted in:

• Lincoln extending enlistments from 3 months to 3 years

• Northern Army digging in around capital

• Lincoln extending enlistments from 3 months to 3 years

• Northern Army digging in around capital

The Trent AffairThe Trent Affair

Confederate President Davis appointedJohn Slidell and James Mason asdiplomatic agents in October, 1861,with power to enter into conventionsfor treaties with England and France.

After arriving in Havana, Cuba, theyboarded a British steamship, the Trent.Mason was headed for England andSlidell for France.

Confederate President Davis appointedJohn Slidell and James Mason asdiplomatic agents in October, 1861,with power to enter into conventionsfor treaties with England and France.

After arriving in Havana, Cuba, theyboarded a British steamship, the Trent.Mason was headed for England andSlidell for France.

Southern Ambassadors sentto Europe by Jefferson DavisSouthern Ambassadors sentto Europe by Jefferson Davis

John Slidell John Slidell James MasonJames Mason

On 8 November, Captain Wilkes andthe sloop San Jacinto intercepted theTrent and removed Slidell and Masonby force, an action in direct violationof international law.

On 8 November, Captain Wilkes andthe sloop San Jacinto intercepted theTrent and removed Slidell and Masonby force, an action in direct violationof international law.

Captain Charles Wilkes

Captain Charles Wilkes

San JacintoSan Jacinto

As a result of the removal of the ambassadors, there were cries for war,and the British fleet was mobilized.

As a result of the removal of the ambassadors, there were cries for war,and the British fleet was mobilized.

Bull Run had temporarily stoppedmilitary activity in the east, but notin the upper Tennessee andMississippi River Valleys.

Things were about to take placethat would foretell the defeat ofthe Confederacy.

Bull Run had temporarily stoppedmilitary activity in the east, but notin the upper Tennessee andMississippi River Valleys.

Things were about to take placethat would foretell the defeat ofthe Confederacy.

Union River GunboatsUnion River Gunboats

• First U.S. ironclads• Mobile artillery• First U.S. ironclads• Mobile artillery

Foote’s river squadron demolishedFort Henry.Foote’s river squadron demolishedFort Henry.

General Ulysses S. Grant

General Ulysses S. Grant

Commodore Andrew FooteCommodore Andrew Foote

Fort DonelsonFort Donelson

Grant captured the fortfrom the land side.Grant captured the fortfrom the land side.

Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh

Pittsburg LandingPittsburg Landing

Union gunboats pounded Confederate positions and protected Grant’s flank until reinforcements arrived.

Union gunboats pounded Confederate positions and protected Grant’s flank until reinforcements arrived.

New OrleansNew Orleans

The South’s largest andmost important port cityThe South’s largest andmost important port city

Flag OfficerDavid Farragut

Flag OfficerDavid Farragut

• Assembled his fleet of:

1 frigate4 sloops1 paddle-wheeler12 gunboats20 schooners

• His big chance

• Assembled his fleet of:

1 frigate4 sloops1 paddle-wheeler12 gunboats20 schooners

• His big chance

Farragut’s fleet going single file throughbarrier at Ft. Jackson and Ft. St. PhilipFarragut’s fleet going single file throughbarrier at Ft. Jackson and Ft. St. Philip

CommanderDavid PorterCommanderDavid Porter

Commanded mortar boats protecting rear of fleet at the barrier

Commanded mortar boats protecting rear of fleet at the barrier

April 28, 1862New Orleans surrendered

April 28, 1862New Orleans surrendered

New Orleans’ Loss Impacted the SouthNew Orleans’ Loss Impacted the South• The Confederacy was not recognized by the British and French.

• The Confederacy had little chance to survive after the loss of a major port.

• The Confederacy was not recognized by the British and French.

• The Confederacy had little chance to survive after the loss of a major port.

Union naval forcesand armies nowconverged fromthe north andsouth on Vicksburg,Mississippi, themajor remainingConfederatefortress on theriver.

Union naval forcesand armies nowconverged fromthe north andsouth on Vicksburg,Mississippi, themajor remainingConfederatefortress on theriver.

A major naval battle - the only real fleetaction of the war – was fought in theMississippi at Memphis, Tennessee.

A major naval battle - the only real fleetaction of the war – was fought in theMississippi at Memphis, Tennessee.

MemphisMemphis

VicksburgVicksburg

The entire Confederate Navy wasdestroyed on the Mississippi River atMemphis, except for the CSS Arkansas.

The entire Confederate Navy wasdestroyed on the Mississippi River atMemphis, except for the CSS Arkansas.

The high bluffsat Vicksburgpreventedserious navalbombardmentof the city.

The high bluffsat Vicksburgpreventedserious navalbombardmentof the city.

Farragut’s fleet patrolled, transportedtroops, protected Union Army’s flanks,and prevented Confederate relief of thecity of Vicksburg.

Farragut’s fleet patrolled, transportedtroops, protected Union Army’s flanks,and prevented Confederate relief of thecity of Vicksburg.

Confederates raised the steam frigateMerrimack and converted her into thefirst Confederate ironclad.

Confederates raised the steam frigateMerrimack and converted her into thefirst Confederate ironclad.

• Directed the plan to raise the Merrimack

• Believed the vessel would drive Union blockaders from the mouth of the Chesapeake

• Directed the plan to raise the Merrimack

• Believed the vessel would drive Union blockaders from the mouth of the Chesapeake

Stephen Mallory Stephen Mallory Confederate

Secretary of the Navy

Confederate Secretary

of the Navy

CSS Virginia (ex-Merrimack)CSS Virginia

(ex-Merrimack)

• Speed of 4 knots• Drew too much water• Danger to wooden vessels

• Speed of 4 knots• Drew too much water• Danger to wooden vessels

• Deck overlaid with iron plates• 9-inch Dahlgren guns• 6-inch rifles• 7-inch pivot guns• Iron ram

• Deck overlaid with iron plates• 9-inch Dahlgren guns• 6-inch rifles• 7-inch pivot guns• Iron ram

• First superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy

• Resigned his U.S. Navy commission

• Received Confederate commission

• Commanded the CSS Virginia

• First superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy

• Resigned his U.S. Navy commission

• Received Confederate commission

• Commanded the CSS Virginia

CommanderFranklin Buchanan

CommanderFranklin Buchanan

March 1862

CSS Virginia was ready to

fight.

March 1862

CSS Virginia was ready to

fight.

• Appointed an Ironclad Board of Officers

• Appointed an Ironclad Board of Officers

Secretary of the NavyGideon Welles

Secretary of the NavyGideon Welles

• Awarded contract to build first Union ironclad steamship

• Awarded contract to build first Union ironclad steamship

John EricssonJohn Ericsson

Ericsson incorporated 40 new patentsin the design of the Monitor.Ericsson incorporated 40 new patentsin the design of the Monitor.

Steam-propelled, armored warshipof very low freeboard, having oneor more turrets and used for coastaldefense

The first of such warships was usedagainst the Confederate ironcladwarship Virginia at Hampton Roads,VA, in 1862.

Steam-propelled, armored warshipof very low freeboard, having oneor more turrets and used for coastaldefense

The first of such warships was usedagainst the Confederate ironcladwarship Virginia at Hampton Roads,VA, in 1862.

MonitorMonitor

• Only a foot of freeboard• Two 11-inch Dahlgren guns• Armor plated• Overhang to protect screw and rudder• Steam powered 14-ton turret

• Only a foot of freeboard• Two 11-inch Dahlgren guns• Armor plated• Overhang to protect screw and rudder• Steam powered 14-ton turret

A domelike, sometimes heavilyarmored structure, usuallyrevolving horizontally, withinwhich guns are mounted, as ona fortification, ship, or aircraft

A domelike, sometimes heavilyarmored structure, usuallyrevolving horizontally, withinwhich guns are mounted, as ona fortification, ship, or aircraft

TurretTurret

Commanding Officer

USS Monitor

Commissioned25 Feb 1862

Commanding Officer

USS Monitor

Commissioned25 Feb 1862

LT John L. Worden

LT John L. Worden

The Union plan was to land at Fort Monroe and threaten Richmond.The Union plan was to land at Fort Monroe and threaten Richmond.

NorfolkNorfolk

Ft. MonroeFt. Monroe

Hampton RoadsHampton Roads

RichmondRichmond

VAVA

• Led the attack on Richmond• Led the attack on Richmond

General George McClellan

General George McClellan

UnionBlockade

Ships

UnionBlockade

Ships

USS CumberlandUSS Cumberland

USS CongressUSS Congress

Jones relievedCommander Buchanan whenhe was struckby a Minié ball.

Jones relievedCommander Buchanan whenhe was struckby a Minié ball.

.58 caliber.58 caliber

LT Catesby Jones LT Catesby Jones

The USS Minnesota had run aground and was too far into the shoal waters to accurately be fired upon.

The USS Minnesota had run aground and was too far into the shoal waters to accurately be fired upon.

The Monitor took up position near the Minnesota to protect her from the Virginia.

The Monitor took up position near the Minnesota to protect her from the Virginia.

The Monitor was more maneuverable, but her guns could not penetrate the Virginia’s armor.

The Monitor was more maneuverable, but her guns could not penetrate the Virginia’s armor.

LT Samuel Greene took command of the Monitor when LT Worden was injured.

LT Samuel Greene took command of the Monitor when LT Worden was injured.

The battle between the two vessels was indecisive. Within a year, the Virginia was blown up to preventcapture, and the Monitor sank in a storm off the Carolina Capes.

The battle between the two vessels was indecisive. Within a year, the Virginia was blown up to preventcapture, and the Monitor sank in a storm off the Carolina Capes.

The wreck of the USS Monitor was discovered in 1973, and various parts have been recovered, including itsengine and turret.

The wreck of the USS Monitor was discovered in 1973, and various parts have been recovered, including itsengine and turret.

McClellan was now able to move onRichmond.McClellan was now able to move onRichmond.

NorfolkNorfolk

Ft. MonroeFt. Monroe

Hampton RoadsHampton Roads

RichmondRichmond

VAVA

McClellan’s Army of the Potomac prepared to meet General Robert E.Lee’s Richmond defenders.

McClellan’s Army of the Potomac prepared to meet General Robert E.Lee’s Richmond defenders.

Commander of the Confederate Army

of Virginia

Commander of the Confederate Army

of Virginia

General Robert E. Lee

General Robert E. Lee

Seven Days’ BattlesSeven Days’ Battles

• Lee pushed McClellan back from Richmond.

• McClellan’s army was forced to withdraw to defend Washington.

• Lee hoped to gain Maryland as a Confederate State and move into Pennsylvania.

• Lee pushed McClellan back from Richmond.

• McClellan’s army was forced to withdraw to defend Washington.

• Lee hoped to gain Maryland as a Confederate State and move into Pennsylvania.

Seven Days’Battles

Seven Days’Battles

Lee wanted togain diplomaticrecognition andmilitary aid fromthe Europeancountries.

Lee wanted togain diplomaticrecognition andmilitary aid fromthe Europeancountries.

END OF PART TWO

END OF PART TWO