Christoph Amlacher

October 17, 2007

E-Navigation Conference, Oslo

Evolution of Positioning Services for Inland Waterways

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Introduction

• River Information Services (RIS) are being implemented on European rivers

• Many RIS Services are based on GPS

• GPS has deficiencies: accuracy, integrity, availability

• Results from the MARUSE Trials in Serbia

• IALA DGPS vs. AIS Msg. 17 DGPS

• EGNOS and Galileo are promising alternatives

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via donau is ...

• ... the Austrian Waterway Management Company• ... owned by the

Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology• ... responsible for 350 km Danube waterway

Administer federalwaterways

TrafficManagement

Development ofInland navigation

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Inland navigation on the Danube

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River Information Services (RIS)

Telematics Systems and Information Services in order to

increase the safety and

efficiency of inland waterway

transport

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EU RIS Directive

Directive 2005/44/EC on harmonised River Information Services (RIS)

• Necessary legal framework for RIS implementation• Standardisation of ship equipment• Standardisation of data exchange• Minimum requirements for RIS

• Publication in official journal: September 30, 2005• In force since: October 20, 2005

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System Concept of RIS

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RIS Services

• Navigation and guidance support• Tactical Traffic Image (TTI)• Guided approach to locks

• Traffic Management• Strategic Traffic Information (STI)

• Tracking and Surveillance• Law enforcement• Calamity abatement• Accident reconstruction

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Tactical Traffic Image

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Current Status of RIS

• RIS Implementation projects running in most Danube countries and in France and The Netherlands

• Land infrastructure:

Implementation of AIS base stations makes good progress• Ship side:

• AIS transponders not widely used• Austria started a program to equip vessels (approx. 300 vessels)• For 2008 a mandatory carriage of AIS is planned for the Austrian

Danube

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Location overviewLocation overview

23 Base Stations

DoRIS in Austria

Two DGPS Base stations

90km

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RIS Services – IRIS Europe

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Current use of GNSS

• GPS is not widely used on inland vessels

• The introduction of RIS stimulates the equipping of vessels with AIS transponders

• GPS is not suitable for navigation purposes due to lack of accuracy, integrity and availability

• Local DGPS services (e.g. via AIS Msg. 17 or IALA DGPS) are only available in some countries

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MARUSE trials: Lock of Djerdap I

310m

34m

30m

• Two locks exist on each side of the dam• Each lock has two lock chambers

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Lock of Djerdap I

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Lock of Djerdap I

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Performance Assessment• GPS vs. GPS with LE • Lock approach

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Simulation of Navigation Performance with Galileo

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0 1 2 3 4 5 60

20

40

60

80

100

120

Epoch (hours)

met

res

Horizontal Error

GPSGPS/GalileoGPS:

•Dropouts = 0.7%•164s in 6 hours

GPS/Galileo•Dropouts = 0.2%•60s in 6 hours

0 1 2 3 4 5 60

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Epoch (hours)

met

res

Horizontal Error

GPSGPS/Galileo

Standalone Horizontal Accuracy - GPS and GPS/Galileo

Horizontal Error (m)

GPS GPS/ Galileo

Mean 1.827 1.188

Std Dev 2.381 1.747

95th Percentile

3.515 1.923

0 1 2 3 4 5 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Horizontal Error (metres)

Per

cent

age

Cumulative Percentage: Horizontal Error

GPSGPS/Galileo

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MARUSE Conclusions

• GPS standalone is not sufficient to provide accurate and reliable navigation to inland waterway users, in particular in the vicinity of river infrastructure

• Signal shading and multipath degrade the position solution rapidly

• Local Element based on AIS showed an improvement of the performance, multipath and signal blocking are still a problem

• Navigation performance is strongly correlated to the number of received satellite signals

• Galileo will significantly increase the positioning performance

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Performance Requirements

• In the project MARUSE the IMO A.915 (22) requirements have been analysed and amended to meet the RIS requirements from PIANC.

A

bsol

ute

accu

racy

(m

)

Ale

rt li

mit

(m)

Tim

e to

Ala

rm (

s)

Inte

grity

ris

k (p

er 3

ho

urs)

Ava

ilabi

lity

%

per

30

days

Con

tinui

ty

% /

3 h

ours

Traffic management and information

3 7.5 10 10-5 99.8 99.97

Port and lock approach and restricted waters

1 2.5 10 10-5 99.8 99.97

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Future Systems

• EGNOS and Galileo • Accuracy requirement can be met• Integrity information adds the necessary reliability

to the system• A hybrid GPS / Galileo solution provides improved

signal availability • Dual system use (Galileo/GPS) offers protection

against loss of service due to interference or system failure

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Local DGNSS

• IALA DGNSS • Inland IALA DGNSS coverage currently only in

Germany• Implementation cost are very high• Additional ship-side hardware required

• DGNSS via AIS Msg. 17• Utilizes existing AIS architecture • No additional ship-side hardware necessary if AIS

transponder is onboard• Implemented in Austria and soon in Slovakia,

Hungary, Croatia and Serbia

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Future Systems an System Mix

GP

S In

teg

rity

Ga

lileo

Inte

grity

Imp

rove

d R

AIM

Red

unda

nt

Sys

tem

Red

und

ant

Au

gme

nta

tion

Sys

tem

Fa

ilure

T

oler

ance

Rob

ust

nes

s to

In

terf

eren

ce

GPS, EGNOS

GPS, EGNOS, Local DGNSS

GPS, Galileo

GPS, Galileo, EGNOS

GPS, Galileo, EGNOS, Local DGNSS

Redundancy of systems and data transmission are key elements of future solutions

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Upgrade of Ship Equipment

• For the upgrade of the ship equipment two scenarios are feasible:• Scenario 1: Integrated solution• Scenario 2: Solution with external positioning sensor

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Upgrade of Shore Infrastructure

• Upgrade to DGNSS provision via AIS Msg. 17• Advantages:

• Installation and operational cost are low as long as existing AIS infrastructure is used

• Better performance in comparison to IALA DGNSS as distance between user and reference station is shorter

• No additional ship-side equipment necessary

• EGNOS retransmission possible

• Disadvantages: • Additional load to the AIS channels

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Outlook

• Short term (2008-2012): • Implementation of AIS-based DGNSS is recommended • Upgrade to EGNOS for users in areas with no

DGNSS service available • Mid term (2012-2016):

• Upgrade to Galileo is strongly recommendedBenefits: signal availability, integrity, robustness against interference and system failure

• Long term (past 2016): • Modernized GPS (second civil frequency, integrity ?) and the

availability of other systems (GLONASS, COMPASS) provide options for the future.

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Conclusion

• RIS are a useful tool to increase safety and efficiency on European rivers

• The upgrade from the current GPS-based solution to EGNOS and Galileo is recommended as the present system is lacking a reliable and accurate positioning component

• The increase of the quality and reliability of the positioning will enable enhanced services and address additional user groups

• Land side DGNSS should be implemented to provide terrestrial augmentation information to users

• Redundancy of systems and data transmission are key elements of future solutions

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Christoph Amlachervia donau – Österreichische Wasserstraßen-Gesellschaft mbH

A-1220 Wien, Donau-City-Straße 1 (Austria)Tel +43 50 4321 1608, Fax +43 50 4321 1050christoph.amlacher@via-donau.org, www.via-donau.org