choanoeca perplexa power point
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Proterospongia choanojuncta
Choanoeca perplexa
Presented by:
Ashley Gura, Bexx Jaeger, Joey Tylka
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Proterospongia choanojuncta:
Debunked
● Misclassification due to Morphological Approach
- Dr. W. S. Kent, 1882:
- Attributed linking colonial forms to Proterospongia choanojuncta
- Dr. W. N. Ellis, 1930
- Attributed sedentary, unicells to Choanoeca perplexa
● Re-assessed Using the Molecular Approach
- Evolution from the Galapagos Two Centuries after Darwin:
Molecular data proves that Choanoeca perplexa is molecularly identical to
the species Proterospongia choanojuncta and that colony formation is a life-cycle stage
● Proterospongia choanojuncta is now discredited and referred to as Choanoeca
perplexa
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Choanoeca perplexa
• Kingdom: Protozoa
• Phylum: Choanozoa
• Class: Choanoflagellatea
• Order: Craspedida
• Family: Codonosigidae
• Genus: Choanoeca
• Species: Choanoeca perplexa
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Phylogenetic Tree
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Physical Features
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Behavioral Features
● Reproduce asexually through a form of longitudinal fission
● Organisms tend to colonize together into planktonic clumps
that resemble berry-like clusters
● The collar structure of the C. perplexa rapidly
expands/contracts to assist in funneling in bacteria.
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Habitat and Distribution
• Individuals clump in large
colonies held together by
collar tentacle structures.
• Dispersed randomly in
marine waters around
Europe.
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Evolutionary Adaptations
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Population Ecology
• Exhibits taxis
• Growth: Logistic
• Regulation: Density
Dependent
• Life History Trait: r-type
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Ecosystem Ecology
• Absorption of bacteria occurs through
pseudopodia assisted by the conical
structure of microvilli
• Once obtained, bacteria are digested through
phagocytosis
• Choanoflagellates are eaten by krill and
therefore hold a vital place at the bottom of
the food chain
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Works Cited
Carr, M., B. S. C. Leadbeater, R. Hassan, M. Nelson, and S. L. Baldauf. "Molecular Phylogeny of
Choanoflagellates, the Sister Group to Metazoa." Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences 105.43 (2008): 16641-6646. Web.
Ellis W.N. 1929. Recent researches on the Choanoflagellata (Craspedomonadines). Ann. Soc. Roy.
Zool. Belg. 60, 49-88. Print.
Jürgens, K., and R. Massana. "Protist grazing on marine bacterioplankon."Microbial ecology of
the oceans, 2nd edn. Wiley-Liss, New York (2008): 383-442. Print.
King, Nicole, and Daniel Rokhsar. "The Genome of the Choanoflagellate Monosiga Brevicollis
and the Origin of Metazoans." Nature 451.7180 (2008): 783-88. Web.
Laybourn-Parry, Johanna. Protozoan Plankton Ecology. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992. Print.
Leadbeater, Barry S. C. "Life-history and Ultrastructure of a New Marine Species of
Proterospongia (Choanoflagellida)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the
United Kingdom 63.01 (1983): 135. Web.
Trueba, Gabriel, and Carlos Montúfar. Evolution from the Galapagos: Two Centuries after
Darwin. New York City: Springer, 2013. Print.
Waggoner, B. (n.d.). Proterospongia. Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://www.ucmp.
berkeley.edu/protista/proterospongia.html