COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

PUBLIC HEALTH• the science and art of preventing disease,

prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the:

→ Sanitation of the environment

→ Control of communicable diseases

→ Education of individuals in personal hygiene→ Organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease

→ Development of social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health

PUBLIC HEALTH

- Organizing these benefits in order TO ENABLE EVERY CITIZEN TO REALIZE HIS BIRTHRIGHT TO HEALTH AND LONGEVITY. – Dr. C.E. Winslow

- The ART OF APPLYING SCIENCE in the CONTEXT OF POLITICS so as to REDUCE INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH while ensuring the best health for the greatest number. WHO

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

- is the practice of nursing in national and local government health departments (which include health centers and rural health units) and public schools. It is COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICED IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR. - Standard PHN in the Philippines

- SPECIAL FIELD OF NURSING THAT COMBINES THE SKILLS OF NURSING, PUBLIC HEALTH, and some PHASES OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE and FUNCTIONS AS PART OF THE TOTAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAM for the promotion of health, the improvement of conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation and the prevention of illness and disability. – WHO Expert Committee on Nursing

COMMUNITY

• Derived from a latin word “comunicas” which means a group of people.

• a group of people with common characteristics or interests living together within a territory or geographical boundary

• place where people under usual conditions are found

HEALTH

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

COMMUNITY HEALTH 

• Part of paramedical and medical intervention/approach which is concerned on the health of the whole population

NURSING

• Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations

-ANA (2003)

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

- Service rendered by a professional nurse to communities, groups, families and individuals at home, health centers, clinics, schools and in places of work for the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at home and rehabilitation. - Ruth B. Freeman

- Nursing practice in a wide variety of community services and consumer advocate areas and a variety of roles, at times including independent practice….community nursing is certainly not confined to public health nursing agencies. – Jacobson

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

- The utilization of the NURSING PROCESS in the different LEVELS OF CLIENTELE; Individuals, families, population groups and communities, concerned with the PROMOTION OF HEALTH, PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND DISABILITY and REHABILITATION. – Dr. Araceli Maglaya

PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

- The philosophy of CHN is based on the worth and dignity of men. The philosophy of care is based on the belief that care directed to the individual, the family and the group which contribute to the healthcare of the population as a whole.

GOAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

- To raise the level of health of the citizenry by helping communities and families cope with the discontinuities in and threats to health in such a way as to maximize their potential for high level wellness.

OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• To participate in the development of an over all health plan for the community. To provide quality nursing services to individuals, families & communities.

• To coordinate nursing services with various members of health team.

OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• To participate in and/or conduct researches relevant to community health and community health nursing services and disseminate their results for improvement of health.

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• Is based on recognized needs of communities, families, groups and individuals.

• The Family is the unit of service.

• Must be available to all regardless of race, creed, and status.

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• Health Teaching is a primary responsibility of C.H. Nurse

• CHN works as a member of the health team and make uses of the available community health resources.

• There should be accurate recording and reporting.

The hallmark of community health nursing is that it is population- or

aggregate-focused

CHN IS A SYNTHESIS OF NURSING AND PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE

1. emphasis on the importance of the “greatest good for the greatest number”

2. assessing health needs planning, implementing and evaluating the impact of health services on population groups

3. priority of health-promotive and disease preventive strategies over curative interventions

CHN IS A SYNTHESIS OF NURSING AND PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE

4. tools for measuring and analyzing community health problems; and

5. application of principles of management and organization in the delivery of health services to the community

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BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

(1) The COMMUNITY is the PATIENT in CHN; FAMILY is the UNIT OF CARE and there are FOUR LEVELS OF CLIENTELE:

(a) INDIVIDUAL

(b) FAMILY

(c) POPULATION GROUP

(d) COMMUNITY

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

(2) The CLIENT is considered as an ACTIVE PARTNER, not a passive recipient of care.

(3) CHN practice is AFFECTED BY DEVELOPMENTS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY, in particular and CHANGES IN SOCIETY, in general.

(4) The goal of CHN is achieved through MULTI-SECTORAL EFFORTS.

(5) CHN is a PART of HEALTH CARE SYSTEM and the LARGER HUMAN SERVICE SYSTEM.

ROLE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

→ CLINICIAN or health care provider

- utilizes the nursing process in the care of the client in the home setting through home visits and in public health care facilities; conducts referral of patients to appropriate levels of care when necessary.

- utilizes teaching skills to improve the health knowledge, skills and attitudes o the individual, family and the community. Conducts health information campaigns to various groups for the purpose of health promotion and disease prevention.

→ HEALTH EDUCATOR

ROLE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

→ COORDINATOR and COLLABORATOR

- establishes linkages and collaborative relationship with other health professionals, government agencies, private sectors, NGO and people’s organizations to address health problems.

- monitors and supervises the performance of midwives and other auxiliary health workers; initiates the formulation of staff development and training programs for midwives and auxiliary health workers.

→ SUPERVISOR

ROLE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

→ LEADER and CHANGE AGENT

- influences people to participate in the over-all process of community development

- organizes the nursing service component of the local health agency or local government unit. Responsible for the delivery of package of services provided by the health program to the target clientele.

→ MANAGER

→ RESEARCHER

- participates in the conduct of research and utilizes research findings in practice.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE

(1) Participates in the development of an overall health plan, its implementation and evaluation for communities.

(2) Provides quality nursing services to the four levels of clientele

(4) Initiates and conduct researches relevant to CHN services to improve provision of health careprogram to the target clientele.

(3) Maintains coordination/linkages with other health team members, NGOs/government agencies in the provision of public health services

(5) Initiates and provide opportunities for professional growth and continuing education for staff development.

SPECIALIZED FIELDS OFCOMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

(1) Community Mental Health Nursing - a unique clinical process which includes an integration of concepts from nursing, mental health, social psychology, community networks and the basic science

- the application of nursing principles and procedures in conserving the health workers in all occupations

(2) Occupational Health Nursing

(3) School Health Nursing

- the application of nursing theories and principles in the care of the school population