chn labfull

ECA LAB

II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

I N D U R INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYSIDDIPET, Medak DIST. 502277

LABORATORY MANUAL

COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LABIInd Year IInd Sem. DCME(CURRICULUM 2009(C-09))

Prepared and verified by

R.RADHA KRISHNA

DEPARTMENT OFELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGLAB CODE

1. Students should report to the concerned labs as per the time table schedule.

2. Students who turn up late to the labs will in no case be permitted to perform the experiment scheduled for the day.3. After completion of the experiment, certification of the concerned staff in-charge in the observation book is necessary. 4. Staff member in-charge shall award marks based on continuous evaluation for eachexperiment out of maximum 10 marks and should be entered in the notebook

5. Students should bring a note book of about 100 pages and should enter the readings/observations into the note book while performing the experiment.

6. The record of observations along with the detailed experimental procedure of the experiment performed in the immediate last session should be submitted and certified by the staff member in-charge.

7. Not more than three students in a group are permitted to perform the experiment on a setup.

8. The group-wise division made in the beginning should be adhered to, and no mix up of student among different groups will be permitted later.

9. The components required pertaining to the experiment should be collected from stores in-charge after duly filling in the requisition form.

10. When the experiment is completed, students should disconnect the setup made by them, and should return all the components/instruments taken for the purpose.

11. Any damage of the equipment or burn-out of components will be viewed seriously either by putting penalty or by dismissing the total group of students from the lab for the semester/year.

12. Students should be present in the labs for the total scheduled duration.

13. Students are required to prepare thoroughly to perform the experiment before coming to Laboratory.

14. Procedure sheets/data sheets provided to the students groups should be maintained neatly and to be returned after the experiment.

I N D E X

Sl. No.LIST OF EXPERIMENTSPage No.

1Identify motherboard components05 09

2RAM identification, removal, installation.10 14

3CMOS setup.15 20

4Print a summary of your system Hardware.21 24

5Upgrading memory25 27

6Hard drive, optical drive installation28 31

7How to recover lost data on hard drive.32 38

8Trouble shooting keyboard ,monitor, printer39 45

9Printer Problems

10Installation of operating system

11Installation of Network card.

12Preparing the UTP cable for cross and direct connections using crimping tool.

13Installation of a switch and connecting systems to a network switch.

14Installation of a modem (internal, external or USB) and connecting to internet.

15Using FTP for uploading and downloading files.

16Installation and configuring the proxy server for internet access

EXP. No. 1: Identify motherboard components

AIM:To Identify various components of mother board and state the function of each Component of mother board.

EQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Personal computer(PC)2. Tool KitTHEORYDefinition-1: Computer is an electronic data processing machine which receives and stores a large volume of information in the form of symbols and digits. Instructions given by the user and gives the result.Definition-2: Computer is an electronic device which Accepts the data, Stores the data, Process the data, and Gives the results at a great speed According to user instructions

Mother board: Mother board is a printed circuit is a foundation of computer & allows the CPU, RAM & all other hard ware components to function with each other. Mother board provided electronic connection between various components in system. The primary purpose of a System Board is to house the CPU and allow all devices to communicate with it each other. The main Circuit Board of a Microcomputer This is also called Main Board or Mother Board. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. The two most popular System Boards are Older AT Newer ATXCIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREWhen you open the computer case we find this.Mother board: The main Circuit Board of a Microcomputer This is also called Main Board or Mother Board. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. The two most popular System Boards are Older AT Newer ATX It provided inter face for various add on card such as 3D graphic sound cards, networking inter face card etc.., It provides CMOS battery driver for real time clock.

It supports ports links such as serial, parallel, USB, & internet, etc..,S.M.P.S: It stands for switch mode power supply. It converts AC supply to 3.3V, 5v, 12v, DC It provides the power to all components of systemProcessor: This is the chip that does the thinking of the computer. These are the Pentium & AMD processor speed is measured is MHZ & GHZ (1GHZ=1000MHZ)Memory: Stores the Data, Two types Primary Memory, Example: RAM Secondary Memory, Example: Hard Disk RAM (Random Access Memory): It is a temporary memory Whenever the power is switched off the contents will be lost It is also called volatile memory Two main types: Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM)Hard Disk (HDD): is often shortened as Hard Disk, Hard Drive, or HDD.Is a Non-Volatile storage device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces?

Read Only Memory (ROM) Chip: ROM holds programs and data permanently even when Computer is switched off Data can be read by the CPU in any order so ROM is also direct access Rom chip contains instruction which are specified for the particular which are specified for the particular mother board these programs & instruction will be remaining the PC throughout its life usually they are not already alteredPCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Slot: for high-speed input/outputAGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Slot: for a video cardISA (Industry Standard Architecture) Slot: for older or slower devices

Chip set: Set of chips on the motherboard Controls Memory Cache, External Buses, Peripherals Intel dominates the market in the field of chipsets---Example: i800 series of ChipsetsThe chip set usually chip two section they are(1) North bridge (2) South bridge ---The Northbridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially, Main memory and Graphics controllers, and ---The Southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses such as PCI or ISA

Hard ware: Physical components of Computer What we can see and touchEx. Key Board, Monitor, CPU, Hard Disk, Printer etc.,Floppy drive:This is slot in the front of your computer where you insert which store data & meaning to the other computer is your computer IMAC you will not have floppy disk are 3 1/2 inches in size & hard 1.44MB data

CD ROM (or) ROM drivers: This plays your music & data CD it will also play DVD movies data CD hold up to 70MB of Information .DVD hold up to 4.7GB of information if have CD (or) CD-R/W you can store information on CD's

CMOS battery: CMOS battery provides voltage to the BIOS computer setting are stored here & system clock

Heat Sink: The purpose of heat Sink, it is cool processer temporarily

Power connection:

These connections connects you power supply to drives & devices in your computer

Data cables: The purpose of these cables is to communicate data between mother board & devices link disk, CD drive etc..,

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the various components of mother board and study the various functions of each component of mother board.

PRECAUTIONS1. Note down the various components of mother board.2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:1. Check the working condition of Computer components/Parts2. Check the all properties2. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board3. Check the Connecting wires. RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS

Verified the various components of mother board and their functions of each component of mother board.APPLICATIONS1. PC2. Embedded systemsQUESTIONS1. Define computer?2. What is a chipset? Give an example 3. List different types of motherboards? 4. Define form factor of system board?5. Define motherboard?

EXP. No. 2: RAM identification, removal, installation

AIM:RAM identification, removal and installation


1. Personal computer (PC)2. RAM (Random Access Memory) (Memory RAM ranges from 128MB to 3GB)3. Tool KitTHEORY

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the best known form of Computer Memory. The Read and write (R/W) memory of a computer is called RAM. The User can write information to it and read information from it. With RAM any location can be reached in a fixed (and short) amount of time after specifying its address.The RAM is a volatile memory, it means information written to it can be accessed as long as power is on. As soon as the power is off, it cannot be accessed. So this mean RAM computer memory essentially empty. RAM holds data and processing instructions temporarily until the CPU needs it.There are two basic types of RAM:(i) Dynamic Ram (ii) Static RAM Dynamic RAM: loses its stored information in a very short time (for milli sec.) even when power supply is on. D-RAMs are cheaper & lower. Similar to a microprocessor chip is an Integrated Circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors. Static RAM: A form of flip-flop holds each bit of memory. A flip-flop for a memory cell takes four or six transistors along with some wiring, but never has to be refreshed. This makes static RAM significantly faster than dynamic RAM. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREWhen you open the computer case we find this.Remove all cables from the PC, then remove the cartilage one side, then removethe two chips in the RAM chip on the mother board, Tabulate the ram check it is DDR1,DDR2(or)DDR3.If RAM is not workin0g exchange a mother ram with same configuration then insert the ram in ram slots on mother board properly, the fix RAM pins & automatically locked to power on system.Press delete key to check ram configuration in CMOS setup product information then click at should ram capacity

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the RAM slots on mother board, removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the Different types of RAMs2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of Computer RAMs2. Check the all properties3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board4. Check the Connecting wires.

RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS Identified the RAM, removed and installed on the mother board.

APPLICATIONS1. PC2. Embedded systems

QUESTIONS1. Define RAM2. Define ROM3. What is Memory?4. What is meaning of Memory Mapping?5. What are types of RAMs?6. Define Stack?7. What is difference between Static memory and Dynamic Memory?8. What is NVRAM

EXP. No. 3: CMOS setup

AIM:To open CMOS setup and identify the configuration of the system.



Computer stores most configuration information of one CMOS chip that retains the data even, when the computer is turned off. A battery near the CMOS chip provide enough electricity to enable the chip to maintain its data. If the battery is disconnected or fails setup information is lost password information is one of the part in computer setup is stored in CMOS.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREPower on the pc and restart and press delete key.

Wait for few seconds.To display CMOS setup. A program used to display and edit user configurable settings in the BIOS of a PC Also called BIOS Setup The BIOS setup is accessed at startup Soon after a PC is turned on, a short text message typically passes by very quickly on screen indicating which key to press (usually the DEL or F1 key) Most Configuration information is stored on one CMOS chip Retains the data even when the Computer is turned off A Battery near the CMOS chip provides enough electricity to enable the chip to maintain its data Updated via BIOS program Three primary BIOS brands American Megatrends (AMI), Award, Phoenix To enter setup, press key combination(may be Del, ESC, F1, F2, CTRL-ALT-ESC, CTRL-ALT-INS, CTRL-ALT-Enter, or CTRL-S)CMOS Set up: Main menu - Access to all submenus

Clock, hard drives, floppy drives

Normally set to Default or Auto for all

POST, boot order

Use to enable/disable power-saving features

Rarely need to manipulate on todays PCs

Set Password

SECURITY:

THIS feature will protect our cmos setup configuration it also gives the security for unauthorized users..

LOAD DEFAULT SETTINGS:

While we protect the load default the settings will be defaulted automatically.

SAVE AND EXIT:

After all settings press f10 and f2 to save and exit it is used to save our bios.

OBSERVATIONSKeep OS rescue disk. It is FDD used to start up a computer when the HDD fails to boot..

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the CMOS properties2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of Computer

RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS

CMOS setup and identified the configuration of the system.

APPLICATIONS

1. PC2. Embedded systems

QUESTIONS

1. Define CMOS2. List any four CMOS setup options.3. What is need for CMOS setup?4. What is BIOS?

EXP. No. 4: Print a summary of your system Hardware

AIM:To Print a summary of your system Hardware


1. Personal computer (PC)2. Tool KitTHEORY

The following list describe the types of reports that you can print: System summary

This option prints a summary of the devices that are installed on your computer or on the remote computer that you are managing. The summary includes the product version number, bus type, registered owner, and resource information, such as interrupt request line (IRQ) and input/output (I/O) usage. Selected class or device

This option prints a report for the device or the hardware type that you choose. The report includes the device name, device driver location, version and manufacturer information, and resources that are allocated to the device, such as I/O ports and memory addresses. All devices and system summary

This option prints a report for each device or hardware type that is installed on your computer, as well as a summary of your computer. If you have many devices installed on your computer, this may be a long document.WINDOW DIAGRAM

Option 1 - Performance Information

This option prints your Windows Experience Index ratings as well as your system manufacturer, total storage and RAM, basic graphics driver details, and a list of network adapters.There are several ways to get to this information such as by navigating through the "Control Panel" - this tip just lists one way.

1. Click the "Start" button.

2. Type in performance without pressing Enter.

3. Underneath "Control Panel" click on "Performance Information and Tools".

4. The "Performance Information and Tools" dialog box appears. Click the "View and print detailed performance and system information" link next to the printer icon.

5. A "More details about my computer" dialog appears. Scroll through the information, and click the "Print this page" button if desired.

PROCEDUREBy right clicking on my computer and go to properties.Then a window appears then note down the system configuration open run and cmd then type "system info" by typing this

command.the total system configuration is displayed including the system as version.

HOST name:SDPT.C

OS name:MS WINDOWS VISTA.OS version:6.0 N/A build 6000.OS: Microsoft corporation.Registered owner:IIET SDPTPRODUCT ID:89576-DEM-7332141-00029

DOMAIN:WorkshopRAM:1 GB

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the PC system Information and Printed on the paper.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the total system configuration2. Note the important specifications and functions

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of Computer 2. Check the all properties3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board4. Check the Connecting wires.


Printed the summary of system Hardware.

APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS

1. Define System summary2. Define Hardware?3. Define Software?

EXP. No. 5: Upgrading memory

AIM:To upgrading the memory


1. Personal computer (PC)2. Hard disk/RAM3. Tool KitTHEORY

Hard disk is a permanent storage device which huge amount of data. A Hard Disk Drive is often shortened as Hard Disk, Hard Drive, or HDD. Is a Non-Volatile storage device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces?

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

UPGRADING MEMORY:The only method of upgrading method is to change the method is to change the hard disk by keeping the hard disk.How to Upgrade Your PC's RAM:Adding RAM is often the most cost-effective upgrade you can make to speed up a sluggish computer. PCs that had more than enough RAM when they were new often have trouble keeping up with the demands of the latest programs after a few years. New operating systems almost always call for more memory, too. When a computer runs short of RAM, it's forced to swap the overflow data on and off of the hard drive, which can significantly slow performance. Below, we'll tell you how to diagnose a memory shortage and what to do about it. To see how a RAM upgrade is done, check out our companion video.How do I know if I need more RAM?Windows Task Manager can tell you if your machine needs more RAM. Windows Task Manager can tell you if your machine needs more RAM. Check your PC's RAM usage by opening Windows Task Manager. Press Ctrl-Alt-Del (Vista users will have to click Start Task Manager) and click the Performance tab. If the figure next to 'Available' (or 'Free' in Vista) under 'Physical Memory' hovers around zero and your PC seems sluggish, you need more RAM.

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the RAM slots on mother board, removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of Computer hard disk2. Check the all properties3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board4. Check the Connecting wires.


Identified the hard disk, RAM removed and upgraded the memory.

APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS

1. Define RAM2. Define ROM3. What is Hard disk?4. What are types of Hard disks?

EXP. No. 6: Hard drive, optical drive installation

AIM:To install hard drive and optical drive


1. Personal computer (PC)2. Hard drive and optical drive 3. Tool KitTHEORYHard drive:Hard disk is a permanent storage device which huge amount of data. A Hard Disk Drive is often shortened as Hard Disk, Hard Drive, or HDD. Is a Non-Volatile storage device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces.

Optical Disks: CD-ROM and DVD CD-ROM (Compact Disk - Read Only Memory) By its definition, CD-ROM is Read Only. Special CD drives burn information into blank CDs. Burn: A laser is used to burn craters into the surface to represent a binary 1. Two main types of CDs: CD-R (Compact Disk - Recordable) CD-WR (Compact Disk - ReWritable) It takes longer to write to a CD-R than a hard drive. Special software is needed to record.DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) Allows up to 17 gigabytes of storage (from 4.7 GB to 17 GB). Compatible with older CD-ROM technology. The four versions of the DVD:CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREIf the DVD is not working we can make it normally by make in management.

Uninstall: Right click on my computer and press manage and select device manager and select optical drive then uninstall.

Install: Go to control panel select to add to hardware and device is display then disk to add the hardware. OBSERVATIONSWe identified the Hard drive and CD/DVD drive slots on mother board, removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the Different types of hard drives2. Note the Company specifications of CD/DVD drive3. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:1. Check the working condition of hard drive and optical drives 2. Check the all properties3. Check a hard disk CMOS setup failure.4. Check the jumpers.

RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS Hard drive and optical drive (CD/DVD) installed and tested.

APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS

1. What is Hard disk?2. What are types of Hard disks?3. Explain about optical drive.4. Write different functional units in CD ROM drive.

EXP. No. 7: How to recover lost data on hard drive

AIM:To recover the lost data on hard drive


1. Personal computer (PC) 2. CD, DVD and Pen drive and Hard drive 3. Tool KitTHEORY If Hard Disk is not functioning or failed, what we have to do for getting the data from the HDD? Data recovery is the process of extracting data from: Damaged, Failed, Corrupted, or Inaccessible primary storage media when it cannot be accessed normally Recovering data after physical damage: A wide variety of failures can cause physical damage to storage media CD-ROMs can have their metallic substrate or dye layer scratched off Hard disks can suffer any of several mechanical failures, such as head crashes and failed motors Tapes can simply break Physical damage always causes at least some data loss Recovering data from physically damaged hardware can involve multiple techniques Some damage can be repaired by replacing parts in the hard disk A specialized disk imaging procedure is used to recover every readable bit from the surface Once this image is acquired, the image can be analyzed for logical damage and will possibly allow for much of the original file system to be Hardware repair: Examples of physical recovery procedures are: removing a damaged PCB (Printed Circuit board) and replacing it with a matching PCB from a healthy drive Disk imaging: The extracted raw image can be used to reconstruct usable data after any logical damage has been repaired reconstructed Recovering data after logical damage: Logical damage is primarily caused by power outages that prevent file system structures from being completely written to the storage medium but problems with hardware (especially RAID controllers) and drivers, as well as system crashes, can have the same effect Logical Damage - Data Recovery Techniques: Two main techniques are used to recover data from logical damage Consistency checking, involves scanning the logical structure of the disk and checking to make sure that it is consistent with its specification Zero-knowledge analysis, is for file system repair is to assume very little about the state of the file system to be analyzed and using any hints that any undamaged file system structures might provide, rebuild the file system from scratch Recover file from backupIf the file has been backed up to HDD, CD/DVD disk or other medium (pen drive) it is recommended that the file be restored from that backup if the file cannot be found.Restore from Recycling Bin or TrashIf you are running Apple MacOS or Microsoft Windows and the file has been recently deleted it may still be in the Trash or Recycle Bin. If present within this area it can be recovered.Below is a list of freeware file recovery programs that can be used freely to recover lost data.1. Recuva2. Restoration3. Undelete Plus4. FreeUndelete5. Photorec6. PC Inspector File Recover *Not compatible with Vista/77. The Norton Utilities by Symantec is recovery package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREThis is the major problem to recover the cost data to recover the data we have two methods.

Method1:This method may work or may not work if the system is hanged open it in a safe mode click start & go to programs & then accessories then go to system restore

Then a window appears & the restore point data with timing's if we want the lasted data then change the previous data then the data is also be retained

We can also make the antivirus which is for one month & if can work for months by the data reverse or back

Method2: Another method of recovering the data is copy the filed into D or E drive & format C drive.We can also keep the files in CD's, DVD's ect..,By keeping this important files backup we can store the data for long period.

OBSERVATIONSWe identified and use the Free Hard Drive Data Recovery Software - EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the Different types of Hard Drive Data Recovery Softwares2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of HDD and CD/DVD disk2. Check the all properties3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board4. Check the Connecting wires.


We recovered the lost data on hard drive.

APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS1. Define Data Recovery2. What is Trouble Shooting?3. Define HDD Hardware and Software Problems4. What is abbreviation of CD/DVD?5. Write about hard drive partition

EXP. No. 8: Trouble shooting keyboard ,monitor, printer

AIM:To Trouble shooting the keyboard, monitor and printera) few keys do not work.b) keyboard does not work at all.c) key continuous to repeat after being released.d) key produces wrong character.e) Power light (led) does not go on, no picture.f) Power LED light is on no picture power up .g) Power on but monitor display wrong character.h) Monitor flickers has wary lines.i) Screen goes blank 30 seconds or minute after the keyboard is left untouched


1. Personal computer (PC)2. Keyboard, monitor and printer 3. Tool KitTHEORYKeyboard doesn't respondIf your machine, when booting, gives off a constant beeping noise, it is telling you that your keyboard is not connected or not working.Check the plug to make sure it's connected securely. Try unplugging it and re-plugging it again.If there is no response, check the indicator light on the keyboard. Is it on? Do the lights respond when you press the caps lock or the num lock key? If not, maybe your keyboard is broken.Is there a key stuck? Gently pry off the cover and clean it with alcohol. Make sure it is not connected to your machine when you are cleaning it. The space bar frequently comes off track. Gently pry it off, noting which way the bar lies in your particular keyboard so you can replace it properly.I cant see anything on my computer screenIs the computer turned on? There is a light on the CPU. If the computer is on, it will be lit.Is the computer plugged in? Check to see if ALL plugs are secure. Power cord from the computer to the power strip. Power strip to the wall socket. Is the Power Strip turned on? There is a light on the strip. If the strip is on, the indictor light will be on.Is the Monitor on? There is a light on the monitor. If the monitor is on, it will be lit. If it is turned on, check the contrast and brightness buttons to see if they have been tampered with.Is the computer in Power Save or Sleep mode? Move the mouse or press any key on the keyboard to see if the computer will "wake-up."Are all peripherals plugged in? Verify that all cables and cords leading in to and out of your computer to insure they are all in tight and not disconnected.Printer Problems Check the cables first. Unplug and replug the printer into the computer. Be sure the power cable is plugged in and the outlet works. Check to make sure the correct printer is selected in the Print Dialog box. If you are on a network, you could be sending the output to a printer in someone else's room. Can you print from a different application? Does it only occur with a certain application or is it not working with anything? Can you print a test page directly from the printer with it unconnected to the computer? Each manufacturer has their own special series of buttons to hold down for this self-test. Most of the time it will be in the user's manual.Reinstall the software. Delete the old drivers first. Did that fix the problem?Printer machine wont turn on. Check to see if the power is on. Check to see if the printer cable plugged into the back of the printer and the wall. Error lights are flashing.Check the error display on the fax for jams, paper, toner, etc.Can connect to the network.Open the Network Neighborhood icon on your desktop. You should see a long list of servers. If not, reboot.My printers are gone.Open your Start Menu; go up to settings, then over to printers. You should see a list of your printers that you use there. If not, reboot.My printer is set to work offline.Open your Start Menu; go up to settings, then over to printers. Click once on your printer, select "File" in the top left corner and verify that "work offline" does NOT have a check mark next to it.The printer is paused.Open your Start Menu; go up to settings, then over to printers. Double click on your printer, select "File" in the top left corner and verify that "pause printing" does NOT have a check mark next to it.Printer Does Not Respond.First, make sure that the printer is online and has paper in the tray. Check to see if the printer will work with another program. If so, Clear the unit's memory by turning it off, waiting a few seconds, and turning it back on. (Check the printer cable to make sure it is firmly connected to the printer and the computer. Reinstall the printer, select Start-> Settings-> Printers to open the Printers folder. Right click the icon for the printer and select Delete. Then reinstall it by clicking the Add Printer icon.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the keyboard, monitor and printer problems.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the Different types of keyboard, monitor and printer 2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of keyboard, monitor and printer2. Check the all properties3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board4. Check the Connecting wires.


Identified and Trouble shoot the keyboard, monitor and printer problems

APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS1. Define types of keyboards.2. What are the types of monitors?3. Define input peripherals.4. Define output peripherals.5. What are types of printers?

EXP. No. 9: Printer Problems

AIM: To identify and Trouble shooting the printer problems9.1 laser printer:a) Printer never leaves warm-up mode.b) Paper Jam message is displayedc) Printed messages are distorted9.2 DMPa) Print head moves back and forth but nothing prints.b) Print self test works but printing from a computer application does not work etc.,EQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Personal computer (PC)2. Printers (Laser and DMP)3. Tool KitTHEORYA laser printer is a printer that uses a focused beam or light to transfer text and images onto paper. Though contrary to popular belief, the laser does not actually burn the images onto the paper. Instead, as paper passes through the printer, the laser beam fires at the surface of a cylindrical drum called a photoreceptor. This drum has an electrical charge (typically positive), that is reversed in areas where the laser beam hits it. By reversing the charge in certain areas of the drum, the laser beam can print patterns (such as text and pictures) onto the photoreceptor.

A Dot Matrix Printer(DMP) or Impact Matrix Printer refers to a type of computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like a typewriter. Unlike a typewriter or daisy wheel printer, letters are drawn out of a dot matrix, and thus, varied fonts and arbitrary graphics can be produced.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREThere are deffirent type of printer problems when printer is not printing (or) printing same word carectors problems cud be the computer are software.

CHECK CONDITION:

If the printer is on line to seif test type. c:\DOS>DIR>LPT(or) c:\DOS>DIR>COMDIOGNOSING PROBLEM:

1.the main problem is if paper is not printing correct are quality printer does not print make sure the printer is turnedon the power line should beon

2. make shure that the printer is connected to the computer bya sutable cable. 3. check that the software you are using selected paper printer are

not.

PRINTER DOES NOT WORK(OR)DEAD PRINTER:-

1An ac input voltage impropar check the input voltage=check 2 A block white horizontal line long each linemissing dots during printing tip of the print rint bein bom out replace to connect

3 Fall in the nprinter electronics orservis printer self test pack up is not pripar check power peint hed print het datathere are diffirent printer such as defficalt in paper loading the paper printer runs out the paper with printing a loang document.

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the RAM slots on mother board , removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:



Identified the RAM , removed and installed on the mother board.

APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS1. Define Printer.2. Define input peripherals.3. Define output peripherals.4. What are types of printers?5. What is abbreviation of DMP?

EXP. No. 10: Installation of operating system

AIM:To Install operating systemEQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Personal computer (PC)2. OS CD3. Tool KitTHEORYAn operating system act as an intermediary between the user of a computer and computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner. An operating system is a software that manages the computer hardware. The hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system.Definition of Operating System: An Operating system is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware.

A more common definition is that the operating system is the one program running at all times on the computer (usually called the kernel), with all else being applications programs.

An Operating system is concerned with the allocation of resources and services, such as memory, processors, devices and information. The Operating System correspondingly includes programs to manage these resources, such as a traffic controller, a scheduler, memory management module, I/O programs, and a file system.

PROCEDURE

Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as computer starts booting from the CD.

Step 2 - At this stage it will ask you to press F6 if you want to install a third party Raid or SCSI driver. If you are using a an IDE Hard Drive then you do not need to press F6.

Step 3 - Press S to Specify that you want to install additional device.

Step 4 - You will be asked to insert the floppy disk with the Raid or SCSI drivers. Press enter after you have inserted the disk.

Step 5 - You will see a list of Raid drivers for your HDD. Select the correct driver for your device and press enter.

Step 6 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.

Step 7 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue

Step 8 - This step is very important. Here we will create the partition where Windows will be installed. If you have a brand new unformatted drive you will get a screen. We can choose to install Windows in this drive without creating a partition.

Press C to create a partition.Step 8 - Windows will show the total size of the hard drive and ask you how much you want to allocate for the partition you are about to create Partition. Then press C to create another partition. You will see the total space available for the new partition.

Step 9 - Now you will see both partition listed. Partition 1 (C: Drive) and Partition 2 (E: Drive) Select Partition 1 (C: Drive) and press Enter.

Step 10 - Choose format the partition using NTFS file system.This is the recommended file system.

Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup filesStep 11 - After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed.

Step 12 - Choose your region and language.

Step 13 - Type in your name and organization.

Step 14. Enter your product key.

Step 15 - Name the computer, and enter an Administrator password. Don't forget to write down your Administrator password.

Step 16 - Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.

Step 17 - For the network setting choose typical and press next.Step 18 - Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member of a domain then leave the default settings and press next. Windows will restart again and adjust the display.

Step 19 - Finally Windows will start and present you with a Welcome screen. Click next to continue.

Step 20 - Choose 'help protect my PC by turning on automatic updates now' and press next.

Step 21 - Will this computer connect to the internet directly, or through a network? If you are connected to a router or LAN then choose: 'Yes, this computer will connect through a local area network or home network'.

Step 22 - Ready to activate Windows? Choose yes if you wish to active Windows over the internet now. Choose no if you want to activate Windows at a later stage.

Step 23 - Add users that will sign on to this computer and click next.

Step 24 - You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is complete. Click finish.

Step 25. Log in, to your PC for the first time


Operating system installed and verified.

EXP. No. 11: Installation of Network card

AIM:To install Network card


1. Personal computer (PC)2. Network card3. Tool KitTHEORY

A high-speed network interface card (NIC) forcommunication networks is used.A network interface controller (also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.Network interface cards, commonly referred to as NICs are used to connect a PC to a computer network.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREWhen you open the computer case we find this.

Remove all cables from the PC, Then remove the cartilage one side Then remove the two chips in the ram chip on the mother board Tabulate the ram check it is DDR1,DDR2(or)DDR3If ram is not workin0g exchange a mother ram with same configration Then insert the ram in ram slots on mother board proportythe fix ram pins & automatically locked to power on system

press delete key to check ram configuration in CMOS setup product infromation then click at should ram capacity


PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:




APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS

1. Define RAM2. Define ROM3. What is Memory?4. What is meaning of Memory Mapping?5. What are types of RAMs?6. Define Stack?7. What is difference between Static memory and Dynamic Memory?8. What is NVRAM

EXP. No. 12: Preparing the UTP cable for cross and direct connections using crimping tool



1. Personal computer (PC)2. A minimum of two plastic RJ-45 connectors, a 5 meter CAT5 cable (the length will depend on your requirement), and RJ-45 crimping tool.(Tips: CAT 5 Maximum Length = 100 meters)3. Tool KitTHEORY

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the best known form of Computer Memory. The Read and write (R/W) memory of a computer is called RAM. The User can write information to it and read information from it.With Ram any location can be reached in a fixed ( and short) amount of time after specifying its address.The RAM is a volatile memory, it means information written to it can be accessed as long as power is on. As soon as the power is off, it cannot be accessed. So this mean RAM computer memory essentially empty. RAM holds data and processing instructions temporarily until the CPU needs it.There are two basic types of RAM :(i) Dynamic Ram (ii) Static RAM Dynamic RAM : loses its stored information in a very short time (for milli sec.) even when power supply is on. D-RAMs are cheaper & lower. Similar to a microprocessor chip is an Integrated Circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors. Static RAM: A form of flip-flop holds each bit of memory. A flip-flop for a memory cell takes four or six transistors along with some wiring, but never has to be refreshed. This makes static RAM significantly faster than dynamic RAM. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

Step 1Measure the required distance between the laptop an the desktop and cut off the required length of the CAT 5 cable. Now take one end of the cable and peel off approximately 2.5 cm of the insulating sleeve using the stripper portion of the crimping tool.

Step 2 Step 2Separate the four colored wire pairs from each other.Note: Some cables have white wires coded with lines or dots to mark the pair while some cables don't. Remember that each wire pair will be twisted around each other to denote the pair.

Step 3 Step 3Cut off any two pairs that you won't be using to make the cross cable. (Only four wires or two pairs are needed for connectivity). We chose to keep blue and orange pair and chopped off the remaining two pairs.

Step 4 Step 4Now straighten all the wires in a neat line and align them in the following manner; White Orange : Orange : White Blue : Blue.

Step 5 Step 5The next step is to cut off the edges of the wire using the cutter of the crimping tool in a manner that all the wires are now of the exact same length.Note: Do not cut the wires too much because if the length of the wires is too short, they may not be properly crimped inside the RJ45 connector. The length of the wires coming out of the sleeve should not be longer or shorter than 1.5 cm.

Step 6 Step 6Now separate the last wire (Blue) from the others keeping a gap of around 1/2 cm. This is because the first three wires would connect to pin numbers 1, 2 & 3 and the last wire would connect to pin number 6 of the RJ45 connector.

Step 7 Step 7Take a good look at the RJ45 connector. Hold it in the same direction as shown in the image with the plastic lock facing away from you and the golden leads facing upwards. Now note the pin numbers (see picture) because the next steps would completely depend on straining your eye correctly insert the right wire into the right groove. Also note that each pin or lead has a groove to let only one wire reach the lead.

Step 8 Step 8Now carefully insert the wires into the pins and confirm they are in the right order and groove. Double check the connection for each respective wire and pin. Insert the wires all the way inside the connector by pushing it with a little force. Wire colours should be matched in the manner as illustrated in the picture.

Step 9 Step 9After you have aligned and pushed all the wires deep inside the RJ45 connector, it is the time to take a final check. Turn the connector on both sides and look closely to confirm if each wire has reached the extreme top of the connector and the sleeve of the CAT 5 cable has crossed the lock zone (see image). If the wires are not reaching the end and/or if the sleeve does not cross the lock zone, there are chances of bad connections and/or the wires may get damaged respectively. Ensure proper fitting to avoid problems. If you find that wires are too short or long, start the entire process again ;). Do not take any risks because once the connector is crimped to the wire. you cannot undo it. In such case, the connector will be wasted and the wire will get shorter.

Step 10 Step 10Finally after ensuring that all wires are in place inside the connector, it's time for crimping. Insert the connector, by holding the wire in the crimping tool. While doing this, apply a little force on the cable to push the sleeve and the wires as far as it can go into the connector and immediately press the handles to crimp the connector.Press the tool firmly to ensure a good crimped connector and to avoid loose connections, You should also here a click when you are crimping which indicates that the sleeve as been locked in position inside the connector,

Step 11 Step 11to crimp the other end with a connector, follow the procedure from Step 1 to Step 10 but the only difference will be the order of the cable colour. Here follow the order of the colour as follows; White Blue : Blue : White Orange : OrangeThe rest of the procedure us the same. Your cable should now be ready for use.Suggested Crimping Tool


PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:




APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS


EXP. No. 13: Installation of a switch and connecting systems to a network switch




CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

48-Port switch

Fig. 65.49CM403.659

Computers connected using Switch

Fig. 65.6

PROCEDURE

1) Turn off your computer and any other computers that will be plugged into the switch.

2) Locate a spot to set up the switch near a wall outlet. Plug the switch's power plug into the power port on back of the switch.

3) Plug one end of an Ethernet patch cable into the Ethernet port on the router/modem. Plug the other end of the cable into the "Uplink" port on the back of the switch.

4) Plug one end of an Ethernet patch cable into "Port 1" on

the back of the switch. Plug the other end of the cable into the network interface card (NIC) on your computer.

5) Plug one end of an Ethernet patch cable into "Port 2" on the back of the switch. Plug the other end of the cable into the NIC on your second computer.

6) Repeat step 5 for all computers you wish to add, plugging each computer into the next port on the back of the switch.

7) Plug the power cord for the switch into the wall outlet. Wait for the power indicator on the switch to display a steady green LED.

Turn on the computers. Wait a moment for them to acquire a network addressOBSERVATIONSWe identified the RAM slots on mother board , removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:




APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS


EXP. No. 14: Installation of a modem (internal, external or USB) and connecting to internet.





PROCEDURE

1) Go into your Control Panel and click on Add/Remove Hardware.

2) Find your modem listing and select it. Click on Remove or

Uninstall.

3) Close the Hardware wizard and click Start, Shutdown.

4) Touch something metal before you touch your computer.

5) Turn off the Power Source of your computer. (This includes

unpluging the cord from the wall, turning off the switch at your Power Supply if it has one AND unplugging the cord from your computer.) Some computers will still hold a charge to PCI slots, mouse and other items if only the switch on the power supply is turned off.

6) Remove the side (or top) of your computer and remove the old modem.

7) Now put the new modem into the same slot as the old modem. Make sure that you put it in firmly so that it clicks into place.

8) Restart your computer. The Add New Hardware wizard will start and probably ask for driver files.

Put the installation disk into your CDROM when requiredOBSERVATIONSWe identified the RAM slots on mother board , removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:




APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS


EXP. No. 15: Using FTP for uploading and downloading files





PROCEDURE

Steps

1. First, you should start by retrieving your Windows XP CD.

2. Next, click the Start button and go to the Control Panel

3 After that, select "Add/Remove Windows Components."

4. Select "Internet Information Services" under "Windows Components."

5. Click "details" and select the "File Transfer Protocol (FTP)" service. (Remember that this will also automatically select "Common Files" and "Internet Information Services Snap-In.")

6. Click OK and follow the instructions for the install Wizard (or you can just push next if you don't feel like reading). Be prepared with your Windows XP CD, because it might prompt you for it if you haven't already installed it. Once it is done, you might have to restart your computer after this.

7. After that, all you need to do is just paste the files you want to be public into "C:\INETPUB\FTPROOT." Note that by default, these files are read-only and public. Public meaning that anyone who knows the IP addresses may download copies from it. 8. There's more to go! Now, you need to configure your router's firewall to let FTP traffic through. This can be done through your router's administration menu. Note that this will vary depending on your router. 9. After letting your router firewall let FTP connections in, you will have to configure your regular firewall to let FTP connections in through a certain port.

10. Finally, after done with everything, you may access your FTP site through your browser. All you need to do is type ftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/ in the URL where "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" is the WAN address of your computer.Installation:

Run FileZilla Client installation file, e.g.: FileZilla_3.0.4.1_win32-setup.exe (Windows)

Follow the installation instructions.

Usage:

Run FileZilla Client.

First, you must add your website information: Go to File - Site Manager:

o Click on New Site button and add required information in

General folder:

Host - hostname of your website

Servertype - mostly FTP - File Transfer Protocol

Logontype - Normal

User - your username

Password - your password.

o Click on OK button to save the changes.

Now information about your site are stored.

You can connect your website (server) now.

Click on File - Site Manager, Select your site and click on

Connect buttonUploading or downloading files:

You are now connected to your server. On the left side of client, there are files which are saved on your personal computer. On the right side of client, there are files which are saved on the webserver.

Click the right mouse button on file(s) on the left side of client and select Upload. Your file(s) will be uploaded to the server.

Click the right mouse button on file(s) on the right side of client and select Download. Your file(s) will be downloaded to your computerOBSERVATIONSWe identified the RAM slots on mother board , removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:




APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS


EXP. No. 16: Installation and configuring the proxy server for internet access





PROCEDURE

Step I Internet Proxy Server Installation and Configuration

Download the latest version of CCProxy (V7.2) from the download center

Install CCProxy on a computer which can access Internet directly. Just keep clicking "Next" to finish the installation "Options" -> "Advanced" -> "Networks", click to not select the "Disable External Users" check box, then keep clicking the "OK" button to save.

"Options" -> "Advanced" -> "Networks", click to not select the "Disable External Users" check box, then keep clicking the "OK" button to save.

Step II: Internet Proxy Server Authentication Management

"Options" -> "Advanced" -> "Networks", click to not select the "Disable External Users" check box, then keep clicking the "OK" button to save.

There are 2 authentication types for you to select:Anonymous - please select "Permit All" for "Permit Category" as Figure 3. Authentication required - please select "Permit Only" for "Permit Category" and then select proper "Auth Type" as you wish CCProxy supports several authentication types such as "IP

Address", "MAC Address", "User/Password" and some combined authtypes as you can see in the "Account Manager" dialog box. For an Internet proxy server, we recommend "User/Password" authentication type.

StepIII Network Settings and Obtaining the Internet IP Address of Your Internet Proxy Server

If the CCProxy server is accessable for Internet clients, please ignore this step.If it's behind a router/firewall, you need to open a hole in the router/ firewall and map port 808 and 1080 to the computer on which CCProxy has been located.As a default setting, CCProxy uses port 808 and 1080 for HTTP and SOCKS proxy, these two protocols are mostly used.

Before next step, you also need to obtain the Internet proxy server address, it should be an Internet IP address but not LAN IP address. Just google for "IP query" or "query IP" or some other similar keywords and open the website google has listed for you on your proxy server. Then you can get the current Internet IP address of this Internet proxy server for free.

Step IV MakeProxy Server Settings in The Browser Such as IE, Firefox and so on

Let's say your Internet proxy server's Internet IP address is "208.113.200.5". If you have selected "Permit All" for "Permit Category" as Figure 3, client computers can surf directly via this proxy server. If you have selected "Permit Only" for "Permit Category" and "User/Password" for "Auth Type", it will require username and password when you surf via this proxy server


PRECAUTIONS


TROUBLE SHOOTING:




APPLICATIONS


QUESTIONS


39INDUR Institute of Engineering & Technology

chn labfull

Documents