chinh sua lan 2

N TT NGHIP 2006 2011

MUC LUC

CHUNG I. TNG QUAN CNG NGH X L NC THI1.1. Gii thiu chung

Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T1

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Cng vi s pht trin ca sn xut cng nghip, x l nc thi cng nghip ang l vn v cng quan trng, bo m cho s trong sch ca mi trng, song ng thi gp phn vo s pht trin bn vng ca nn kinh t mi quc gia trn th gii. Ti nhiu nc c nn cng nghip pht trin cao nh Nht, M, Anh, Php,cc h thng x l nc thi cng nghip c nghin cu v a vo ng dng t lu, c bit cc thnh tu tin tin trong lnh vc t ng ha cng c p dng v em li hiu qu k thut, kinh t x hi v cng to ln. Nhiu hng i u v cng ngh x l nc thi nh USFilter, Aquatec Maxcon, Hunter Water Corporation (HWC), Global Industries Nhng thit b t ng ha ca cc cng ty hng u trn th gii nh SIEMENS, ABB, YOKOGAWAc s dng rng ri trong cc cng trnh x l nc thi. C th ni trnh t ng ha x l nc thi t mc cao, tt c cc cng vic gim st, iu khin c th thc hin c ti mt trung tm, ti y ngi vn hnh c h tr bi nhng cng c n gin, d s dng nh giao din ha trn PC, mn hnh gim st HMIgp phn nng cao hiu qu cho cng vic qun l iu hnh dy chuyn cng ngh. Ngoi ra cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v vin thng khong cch v khng gian v thi gian c rt ngn, cho php ngi vn hnh c th iu khin t xa hng nghn km vi ch mt my tnh PC. Hn na h thng x l nc thi cn c tch hp vi cc h thng iu hnh cp iu khin cao hn nh cp iu hnh sn xut (manufacturing execution: workflow, order tracking, resoures), cp x nghip (enterprise: production planning, orders, purchase) v trn cng l cp qun tr (administrator: planning, statistics,Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T2

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


finances) nhm nng cao hn na mc t ng ha v ti u qu trnh sn xut. Ngoi ra, trong lnh vc iu khin c rt nhiu l thuyt iu khin hin i c p dng nh iu khin m, mng n-ron, iu khin d bo trc (predicted control), iu khin lai ghp (hybrid control),..c ng dng trong x l nc thi nng cao cht lng iu khin v hiu sut ca cc cng on x l. Trong 10 nm tr li y, ngnh ung nc ta pht trin nhanh chng, c bit l cng nghip sn xut bia c tc tng trng t 15-20%/ nm, c tnh tiu th bia bnh qun t 18 lt trn u ngi. Song song vi s pht trin l s gia tng v ngun thi, c bit l nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut bia. 1.2. c tnh nc thi trong nh my bia Si Gn Ph Th. Trong sn xut bia, do c th v cng ngh nn lng nc tiu hao cao v lng nc thi cng ln. Nc s dng cho sn xut thng t 4-11l/l bia, nhu cu tiu th ca mi cng on l khc nhau, thng thng 2/3 lng nc dng trong quy trnh cng ngh v 1/3 lng nc cn li s dng cho khu v sinh thit b. c tnh nc thi ca cc nh my bia l giu cc hp cht hu c nh tinh bt, xenluloza, cc loi ng, axt, cc hp cht pht pho, nit... Cc cht ny s c oxi ho bi vi sinh vt, to ra sn phm cui l CO 2, H2O, NH3 v sn phm trung gian l ru, aldehit, axit,.. y l ngun gy nhim cao nu thi trc tip ra mi trng.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Lu lng v c tnh dng nc thi trong cng ngh sn xut bia cn bin i theo quy m, sn lng v ma sn xut. Ti nh my bia Si Gn Ph Th sn xut 1.000 lt bia, s thi ra khong 2 kg cht rn l lng, 10 kg BOD5, nng pH dao ng trong khong 5,8 - 8. c bit c lc hm lng cht nhim mc cao: BOD5: 1700- 2700mg/l; COD: 35004000mg/l, SS: 250-350mg/l, PO43-: 20-40mg/l, N-NH3: 12-15mg/l. Ngoi ra, trong b bia cn cha mt lng ln cht hu c, khi ln vo nc thi s gy ra nhim mc cao. Do , x l nc thi, gim thiu nhim mi trng cho nh my sn xut bia l mt yu cu cn thit trong giai on hin nay. 1.3. Cc bin php x l nc thi Nc thi ni chung cha nhiu cht nhim khc nhau, i hi x l bng cc phng php thch hp khc nhau. Mt cch tng qut cc phng php x l nc thi c chia thnh cc loi sau: Phng php x l l hc Phng php x l ha hc v ha l Phng php x l sinh hc 1.3.1. Phng php x l l hc Trong nc thi thng cha cc cht khng tan dng l lng. tch cc cht ny ra khi nc thi ngi ta s dng cc phng php c hc nh qua song chn rc hoc li chn rc. Trong phng php ny, cc lcTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T4

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


vt l nh lc trng trng, lc ly tm c p dng tch cc cht khng ha tan ra khi nc thi. Phng php ny thng n gin, r tin hiu qu x l cht l lng cao. Cc cng trnh x l c hc c p dng rng ri trong qu trnh x l nc thi l: tch rc s dng song/li chn rc, thit b nghin rc ,b iu ha, khuy trn, lng, lng cao tc, tuyn ni, lc, ha tan kh, bay hi v tch kh. Cc qu trnh x l l hc c p dng trong x l nc thi: Qu trnh Tch rc Nghin rc iu ha Khuy trn To bng Lng p dng Tch cc cht rn th v c th lng Nghin cc cht rn th n kch thc nh hn, ng nht iu ha lu lng v ti trng BOD v SS Khuy trn ha cht v cht kh vi nc thi, gi cn trng thi l lng Gip cho vic tp hp cc ht cn nh thnh cc ht cn ln hn tch ra bng lng trng lc Tch cc cn l lng c sn trong nc thi (b lng t 1) hoc cn c to ra t qu trnh keo t to bng hay qu trnh x l Tuyn ni Lc Vn sinh hc (b lng t 2) Tch cc ht cn l lng v cc ht cn c t trng xp x t

trng ca nc, hoc s dng nn bn sinh hc Tch cc ht cn l lng cn li sau s l sinh hc hoc ha hc chuyn B xung v tch kh

kh Bay hi v Bay hi cc hp cht hu c bay hi t nc thi bay kh 1.3.2. Phng php x l ha hcTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T5

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Phng php ha hc s dng cc phn ng ha hc x l nc thi. Cc cng trnh x l ha hc thng kt hp vi cc cng trnh x l l hc. Mc d hiu qu cao nhng lai t tin v c bit thng to thnh cc sn phm ph c hi. Cc qu trnh x l ha hc c p dng trong x l nc thi: Qu trnh Kt ta Hp th p dng Tch photpho v nng cao hiu qu ca vic tch cn l lng b lng t 1 Tch cc cht hu c khng c x l bng phng php ha hc thng thng hoc bng phng php sinh hc. N cng c s dng tch kim loi nng, kh chlorine ca nc thi trc khi x vo ngun Kh trng bng Loi b cc vi khun gy bnh. Chlorine l loi ha cht chlorine c s dng rng ri kh trng. Sau khi kh trng phi tch lng clo d. Kh trng bng Ph hy chn lc cc vi sinh vt gy bnh ClO2 Kh trng bng Ph hy chn lc cc vi sinh vt gy bnh BrCl2 Kh trng bng Ph hy chn lc cc vi sinh vt gy bnh Ozon Kh trng bng Ph hy chn lc cc vi sinh vt gy bnh tia UV 1.3.3. Phng php sinh hc


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Vi vic phn tch v kim sot mi trng thch hp, hu ht cc loi nc thi u c th c x l bng phng php sinh hc. Mc ch ca phng php ny l keo t, tch cc cht l lng v phn hy cc cht hu c nh s hot ng ca vi sinh vt hiu kh hoc k kh. Sn phm cui cng thng l cc cht kh (CO2,N2,CH4,H2S), cc cht v c (NH4+,PO43-) v t bo mi. Cc qu trnh sinh hc c s dng trong x l nc thi gm : 1. Qu trnh hiu kh2. Qu trnh thiu kh

3. Qu trnh k kh 4. Thiu kh v k kh kt hp 5. Qu trnh h sinh vt Mi qu trnh ring bit cn c th phn chia thnh chi tit hn, ph thuc vo vic x l c thc hin trong h thng tng trng l lng (suspended-growth system), h thng tng trng dnh bm (attached-growth system), hoc h thng kt hp. Mt cch tng qut phng php sinh hc c th chia thnh 2 loi: - Phng php k kh: s dng nhm vi sinh vt k kh, hot ng trong iu kin khng c oxy. - Phng php hiu kh: s dng nhm vi sinh vt hiu kh hot ng trong iu kin cung cp oxy lin tc.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Phng php sinh hc c u im l r tin v c kh nng tn dng cc sn phm ph lm phn bn (bn hot tnh) hoc ti sinh nng lng (kh methane). Ngoi ra, chng ta cng cn quan tm n mt s qu trnh khc trong qu trnh x l sinh hc nh:-

Qu trnh thiu kh (thiu oxy): qu trnh chuyn ha nit trong iu

kin khng cp thm oxy t ngoi vo. Qu trnh ny cng l qu trnh nitrat k kh.-

Qu trnh sinh hc ty tin. Qu trnh loi b cht dinh dng (nutrient removal). Kh BOD dng cacbon (Cacbonaceous BOD remoral): l qu trnh

chuyn ha cht hu c c ngun gc cacbon trong nc thi thnh phn t bo cht ca vi sinh vt v sn phm cui cng l dng kh. Trong qu trnh chuyn ha gi nh rng cc hp cht hu c c cha thnh phn Nit khc nhau u chuyn ha thnh amon.-

Nitrat ha (Nitrification): l qu chuyn ha amon thnh nitrit v

nitrit thnh nitrat.-

Kh nitrat (denitrification): l qu trnh chuyn ha nitrat thnh nit

phn t dng kh.-

Nhu cu oxy ha BOD l cung cp lng oxy cn thit vi sinh vt

oxy ha cc cht hu c trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L

N TT NGHIP 2006 2011-

Qu trnh sinh trng l lng (Suspend growth process): Vi sinh vt

sinh sn v pht trin thnh cc bng cn bn hot tnh trng thi l lng trong cc b x l sinh hc. Cc vi sinh vt ny to thnh bn hot tnh c vai tr phn hy cc cht hu c xy dng t bo mi v to thnh sn phm cui l dng kh. Chng sinh trng trng thi l lng v so trn cng nc, cui cng cc cht dinh dng cn kit, cc bn cn lng thnh bn.-

Qu trnh sinh trng dnh bm (Attached growth process): Trong

qu trnh x l sinh hc cc vi sinh vt chu trch nhim phn hy cc cht hu c v pht trin thnh mng (biofilm) dnh bm vo cc vt liu tr nh , x, g, s, cht do. Qu trnh ny cn c gi l qu trnh mng sinh hc hay mng c nh, xy ra cc qu trnh nh lc sinh hc hoc a quay sinh hc.-

Bn hot tnh (Activated sludge): l tp hp cc vi sinh vt c trong

nc thi hnh thnh nhng bng cn c kh nng hp th v phn hy cc cht hu c khi c mt oxy. V khi lng bn hot tnh c tnh bng lng sinh khi vi sinh vt l tng cn bn kh khng tro.-

H sinh hc (Lagoon process): l cc qu trnh x l xy ra trong cc

ao h c chiu su v cng x l khc nhau.-

B Aeroten (Aero tank): B phn ng hiu kh c thc hin bng

bn hot tnh v cp oxy bng kh nn hoc lm thong khuy o lin tc. Vi iu kin nh vy bn c pht trin trng thi l lng v hiu sut phn hy (oxy ha) cc cht hu c l kh cao.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L

N TT NGHIP 2006 2011-

B dng chy khuy trn hon chnh (complete process): dng chy

vo b c khuy trn u ngay tc khc vi lng nc sn c trong b lm cho nng cc cht nhim bn ng u khp mi im ca b.-

B dng chy u (plug flow process): cc phn t trong dng chy

vo b chuyn ng vi vn tc u nhau dc chiu di ca b t u ra sao cho thi gian lu tr ca tng phn t l u nhau. 1.4. ng dng phng php sinh hc x l nc thi trong nh my bia. C nhiu phng php ng dng x l nc thi cc nh my ru, bia nh: s dng mng lc, phng php ho hc, phng php sinh hc... Khi cn nhc la chn phng n x l thch hp phi da vo cc yu t nh hiu qu x l, hiu qu kinh t, tnh cht v lu lng nc thi. Trong cc phng php trn, th phng php x l bng sinh hc cho hiu qu ti u v c s dng rng ri nht. Phng php ny s dng s hot ng ca vi sinh vt phn hu cc cht hu c gy nhim bn trong nc thi. Cc vi sinh vt s dng cc cht hu c v mt s cht khong lm ngun dinh dng v to nng lng. Trong qu trnh pht trin, chng nhn cc cht dinh dng xy dng t bo, sinh trng v sinh sn nn sinh khi chng c tng ln. Qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c nh vi sinh vt gi l qu trnh oxi ho sinh ho. Phng php ny thng n gin, hiu qu tt v chi ph thp, do thng c p dng khi x l nc b nhim bi cc cht hu c. Phng php sinh hc x l nc thi bng vi sinh vt hiu kh cho hiu qu x l cao lng bn sinh ra t, tuy nhin nhc im ca phng php ny l thi gianTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T10

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


x l di hn cc phng php khc. Tt c nhng c im trn cho thy phng php x l sinh hc l thch hp nht i vi mt h thng x l nc thi nh nh my bia Si Gn- Ph Th.

CHNG II : QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI NH MY BIA SI GN - PH THQuy trnh cng ngh x l nc thi gm 7 qu trnh:1. Qu trnh thu gom

2. Qu trnh iu ha 3. Qu trnh x l ym kh 4. Qu trnh lng 5. Qu trnh hiu kh 6. Qu trnh kh trngTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T11

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


7. Qu trnh x l bn Cc qu trnh xy ra trong h thng x l nc thi c m t nh sau:


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L

N TT NGHIP 2006 2011NC THI T NH MY TCH RC TH THU GOM bm TCH RC TINHkh

Thng cha rc

Kh miQut

iu chnh pH B IU HA Nc d Bmo lu lng

Nc da

kh

t

B YM KH Bm Kh mi

Tch nc d

B LNG

Sc kh

B CHA BN B TRUNG GIAN Bm Bn d

Sc kh

B HIU KH (SBR)DECANTER

Sc kh B NN BNBm

B KH TRNG

B THY SINH

H GA

TB TCH BN ng bao bn kh

H SINH HC

NC X L T TIU CHUN A(TCVN 5945-2005) RA CNG THOT NC


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


2.1 Qu trnh thu gom Nc thi cha qua x l c a vo h thu, sau khi c tch rc th nc c lu trong b thu gom TK-01.Bc x l s b ny c mc ch l loi b cc tp vt c th gy ra s c trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l nc thi nh lm tc my bm, ng ng hoc knh dn. y l bc quan trng m bo an ton v iu kin lm vic thun li cho c h thng.Ti b TK 01, nc thi c hai bm P-01/02-01 bm ln b iu ha. Hai bm P-01/02-01 hot ng khi c tn hiu ca cm bin mc lp trong TK-01 bo v b PLC, b PLC s iu khin bt tt cm bm. Khi nc trong TK 01 mc trung bnh th ch 01 bm trong cm hot ng lun phin nhau theo thi gian c ci t ti b PLC, khi mc cao th c 02 bm hot ng v khi b cn th cc bm dng hot ng. Khi c tn hiu qu nhit t R le nhit th cc bm c ngt. 2.2 Qu trnh iu ha Sau khi i qua thit b tch rc nc thi c bm vo b iu ha.Thit b tch rc hot ng khi c tn hiu ca cm bm P-01/02-01 hot ng.Ti b iu ha nc thi c iu chnh pH, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh x l vi sinh ym kh tip theo. pH ca nc thi c kim sot bng thit b o pH c lp t bn trong b.Thit b khuy trn chm SMX-01/02-02 c dng nhm to iu kin thun li cho phn ng trung ha v lm ng u ha cht b sung vi nc thi.Hai thit b ny hot ng nh tn hiu t cm bin mc lp ti b TK02 bo v b PLC.Khi cm bin mc bo mc trung bnh th thit b khuy trn mi hot ng.Thit bTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T14

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


s dng nu c tn hiu qu nhit t R le nhit hoc tn hiu qu dng t Aptomat. iu chnh pH trong nc thi ti b iu ha ta s dng Cm bm ha cht iu chnh pH:Thit b o pH in-line a tn hiu v b PLC. Nu tn hiu o cho thy nng pH mc thp (pH7) th bm nh lng ha cht axit P-01-14 hot ng tng t nh bm nh lng ha cht kim.Cc gim tc khuy ha cht SMX 01-14/15 c iu khin bng tay do chu trnh pha ha cht ty cng nhn vn hnh pha ha cht.Kh thi c mi hi thot ra t b iu ha c qut ht thu kh cp vo thit b x l mi.Sau kh c dn n tank NAOH trung ha. 2.3 Qu trnh x l ym kh Nc thi sau khi c trung ha trong b iu ha s c bm sang b ym kh (Tk-03) thng qua cm bm P-01/02/03-02.Cm bm ny hot ng nh cc tn hiu sau: - Tn hiu t cm bin mc:nu cm bin bo mc thp hoc mc trung bnh th ch c 1 bm hot ng (3 bm hot ng lun phin nhau theo thi gian c ci t ti PLC).Nu cm bin bo mc cao th 2 trong 3 bm s hot ng lun phin nhau theo thi gian c ci t ti PLC.-

Tn hiu t ng h o lu lng FM a v b PLC, PLC kim

sot lu lng nc thi n nh l 45-55m3/h, nu tha lu lng PLC sTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T15

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


iu khin tt bt bm, nu thiu lu lng s bt thm bm. Lun lun m bo cho lu lng c bm vo b ym kh l 50m3/h. - Tn hiu qu nhit t R le nhit: khi c tn hiu qu nhit th ton b bm s ngng hot ng. Ti b Ym kh ta li dng kh nng phn hy cht hu c ca vi sinh vt trong iu kin khng c oxy. Qu trnh phn hy ym kh cht hu c rt phc tp lin h n hng trm phn ng v sn phm trung gian. Tuy nhin ngi ta thng n gin ha chng bng phng trnh sau y:

ln men

Cht hu c

----------->ym kh

CH4 + CO2 + H2 + NH3 + H2S

Hn hp kh sinh ra thng c gi l kh sinh hc hay biogas s c dn n l t t. Thnh phn ca Biogas nh sau:

Methane (CH4) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrogen (N2) Hydrogen (H2)Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T16

55 65% 35 45% 0 3% 0 1%GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

0 1%

Ti b ym kh ta s dng cm thit b khuy trn chm SMX-01/02-03 nhm mc ch gip cc phn ng ha hc xy ra nhanh hn.Thit b khuy trn ny hot ng nh cc tn hiu sau: - Tn hiu t cm bm P-01/02/03-02: cm bm ny hot ng thit b khuy trn chm mi hot ng. - Tn hiu cm bin mc ti b TK03:ch khi cm bin bo mc thp th cc thit b khuy trn mi t ngt. Tn hiu qu nhit t R le nhit v tn hiu qu dng t Aptomat.

2.4 Qu trnh lng Nc thi sau khi c x l b ym kh s t chy sang b lng. B lng c s dng l lng l cao ti vi hiu sut lng rt cao. Nh dng nc qua cc tm nghing t di ln nn to ra iu kin tt cho qu trnh lng theo qu o ngn nht. Cn lin tc trt v ngc dng nc v dng tp hp ln, tp trung v h thu cn t theo chu k x i. Bn b lng mt phn c bm tun hon li b ym kh nh cm bm bn P-01/02-04, nhm duy tr mt vi sinh ym kh m bo b ym kh hot ng n nh trong thi gian u khi ng h thng. Phn bn d c x thi ra b cha bn .Thi gian bm bn hot ng c ci t ti PLC. Do lng bn ch chim khong 18% trong nc thi nn cm bm P01/02-04 ch chy 20h/24h.Mi bm hot ng 25 pht sau ngh 5 pht, lun phin nhau.Trong thi gian chy khi ng h thng, cm bm ny ht


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


bn tun hon v b ym kh TK03, sau 8h khi h thng hot ng bnh thng ( mt vi sinh), cm bm ny c ci t thi gian nh k ht x bn ra b cha bn.Nu tn hiu ca cm bin mc gn trong b lng bo mc thp th cm bm ngng hot ng.Hoc cng s ngng hot ng khi c tn hiu qu nhit t R le nhit. Ngoi ra thng qua tn hiu t rle p sut, nu p sut kh gas t mc cao, van in t ng m cho kh gas i qua thit b tch nc vo l t kh, ng thi thit b nh la hot ng.Thit b nh la c iu khin theo tn hiu thi gian bt tt t PLC.Thit b t kh gas ny dung chung cho b lng Tk-04 v b ym kh Tk-03. 2.5 Qu trnh hiu kh Nc thi c x l b lng s t chy sang b trung gian.Ti b trung gian ta s dng my thi kh AB-02 sc kh s b trc khi chuyn sang cng on tip theo.Sau khi qua b trung gian nc thi c phn phi n cc b hiu kh TK-06A/B/C qua cc van in VA-01/02/03.Lc ny trong nc thi cn khong 10 - 20% cc cht hu c cha b phn hy s tip tc c phn hy tip ti b hiu kh. B hiu kh l b dng phn hy phn cn li cc cht hu c c trong nc thi sau khi phn hy k kh. Thng nc thi sau khi i qua b phn hy k kh th cc cht hu c trong nc thi ch c th b phn hy ti a l 90%.B hiu kh lm vic theo nguyn l m k tip (SBR: Sequencing Batch Reactor). X l tng m lin tc theo chu k, rt ph hp vi cc x nghip( sn xut ha cht, sn xut bia, dt nhum, giy) c quy


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


m va v nh.Quy trnh x l c tin hnh trong mt b phn ng( gi l b SBR) v c t ng hon ton. H thng b SBR lm vic theo m k tip gm 3 b l TK-06A, TK06B v TK-06C.Qu trnh x l ny c u im l loi b c cc hp cht hu c (BOD), nit v pht pho. Mt chu k x l din ra trong mi b c thc hin theo 6 giai on k tip nhau: - Giai on 1: Giai on cp nc vo b. Nc t b cha t chy vo b n mc nh trc bng rle phao. Rle phao cp tn hiu t ng ng van cp nc VA-01/02/03. - Giai on 2: Giai on x l hiu kh y l giai on x l BOD trit nht trong cc qu trnh x l. Mc ch ca qu trnh x l hiu kh l loi b BOD ra khi nc thi.Phng php cng ngh c la chn l phng php bn hot tnh. Phng php ny c hiu qu cao v c s dng rt rng ri. Trong qu trnh x l hiu kh, cc vi sinh vt sinh trng trng thi huyn ph. xy c cung cp cho phn ng xy ho cc hp cht hu c gy nhim trong nc. Trong qu trnh xy ho, sn phm hnh thnh l nhng hp cht bn (CO2, H2O). Vic sc kh khng ch cung cp oxy cho cc vi sinh vt sinh trng v pht trin (oxy ha cht hu c) m cn duy tr bn hot tnh trng thi l lng. sc kh ta dng cc my thi kh AB- 03/04/05.Cm my ny hot ng nh cc tn hiu: + Tn hiu nhn c t cm bin chng cn ca b hiu kh: Nu cm bin bo nc cn n mt mc c nh c ngha l mc cht thi xung thp hn v tr t cm bin th PLC tc ng dng my thi kh b . + Tn hiu qu nhit t R le nhit.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T19

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


- Giai on 3: Giai on khuy trn giai on ny thit b khuy trn SMX- 01/02/03- 06 s hot ng.Sau khi cc my thi kh cung cp oxy cho b hiu kh dng li th ng c khuy trn hot ng trong mt khong thi gian nh trc l t = 3h. Nhng nu c tn hiu qu nhit t R le nhit th ng c khuy c dng li trnh hin tng qu ti di hn. Ngoi ra nu cm bin bo cn th ng c khuy ngng hot ng hot ng m tip theo. - Giai on 4: Giai on lng Qu trnh lng din ra trong mi trng tnh c tc dng tch bn vi sinh ra khi nc do s lm trong nc thi.Bn lng xung s c cm bm bn P-01/02/03-06 ht a n b cha bn.Trong cc b hiu kh c t mt cm bin bo chng cn, cm bin ny c t mt v tr c nh l mc duy nht, nu mc cht thi trong b hiu kh bng hoc cao hn mc th cm bin tc ng gi tn hiu ln b PLC cm bm P-01/02/03-06 hot ng, ngc li cm bm s ngng hot ng. Khi bm hot ng th PLC bt u tnh thi gian c t trc l t = 10h, bng thi gian np nc vo b. - Giai on 5: Giai on tho nc Phn nc trong sau lng pha trn ca b c cm thit b D-01/02/03-06 ht a n khu k tip ca h thng.- Giai on 6: Giai on ch m k tip

Thi gian ch ph thuc vo thi gian vn hnh ca 4 giai on trn. B phn ng hot ng theo m k tip SBR c s dng x l nc thi sau qu trnh ym kh. y l dng b hot ng theo nguyn tc: Np nc Sc kh Khuy trn Lng X nc X bn ( Ch).Vi hTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T20

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


thng x l nc thi nh my bia Si Gn Ph Th, s dng 3 ngn phn ng SBR c quy tc hot ng nh sau: - n nguyn hot ng (b phn ng): n=3 - Cng sut x l: 600m3/1m/1b - Lu lng u vo: 60m3/h - Thi gian np nc cho mt n nguyn: t= 600/60 = 10h. - Thi gian hon thnh mt chu k: T= t x n = 10x3 = 30 (h) Vy chu k hot ng ca mt m l 30h. Ta c s hot ng lin tc cho 1 n nguyn SBR nh sau: + Thi gian np nc: 10h + Thi gian sc kh: 8h + Thi gian khuy trn: 3h + Thi gian lng: 3h + Thi gian gn nc trong: 3h + Thi gian ch: 3h. 2.6 Qu trnh kh trng Phn nc trong sau lng pha trn cc b hiu kh s t chy sang b kh trng TK-07.Ti y nc s c kh trng bng ha cht nhm mc ch ph hy, tiu dit cc loi vi khun gy bnh nguy him hoc cha c kh b trong qu trnh x l nc thi.Hin nay c nhiu bin php kh trng c hiu qu:-Kh trng bng cc cht oxy ha mnh : Cl2, O3, KMnO 4

- Kh trng bng cc tia vt l: tia cc tm. - Kh trng bng siu m.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T21

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


- Kh trng bng phng php nhit. - Kh trng bng cc ion kim loi nng la chn phng php ta cn cn c vo cc yu t nh hng v hiu qu m phng php mang li.Trong nh my bia Si Gn Ph Th ngi ta s dng dung dch NaOCl lm ha cht kh trng.Cm bm P- 01/02 16 s dng iu chnh lng ha cht bm vo b. Khi c tn hiu m van in t ca PLC ti b SBR lc ny nc thi s chy t b SBR sang b kh trng, ng thi PLC tc ng lm bm nh lng hot ng.Bm nh lng hot ng trong khong thi gian lun phin theo chu k ca tng b SBR l T = 30h. Sau thi gian trn PLC c tn hiu tc ng lm dng bm. b TK- 16 c tn hiu chng cn, khi th tch ca b V< 2m3 th tn hiu chng cn tc ng lm bm nh lng dng hot ng.Ngoi ra TK-16 cn c th c thit b Gim tc khuy ha cht MX 16.Thit b ny hot ng bng tay ty theo quy trnh vn hnh. Ngt khi c tn hiu qu nhit. Nc sau khi c kh trng s c x thi ra h ga ti h sinh hc. Nc chy ra t h sinh hc s t tiu chun ho l cng nh vi sinh theo TCVN5945-2005 loi A v c x thi ra mi trng tip nhn. 2.7 Qu trnh x l bn Lng bn sn sinh ra t b lng v trong qu trnh lng ca b hiu kh s c bm v b cha bn TK-10.Kh thi thot ra c a i kh mi.Lng nc tch ra c bm tr li b iu ha. Sau bn lng di y b cha bn c bm sang b nn bn qua bm P-10.Bm P-10 hot ng nh tn hiu chng y t b TK-09A/B:Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T22

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


- Khi cm bin mc b TK-09A/B bo mc cao th bm P-10 ngng hot ng. - Tn hiu t b PLC iu chnh thi gian ht bn nh k. - Ngt khi c tn hiu qu nhit. Qu trnh x l bn c s dng l x l bn hiu kh. Khng kh c sc vo b nn bn bng my thi kh A/B-01 nhm phn hu trit bn v trnh to ra mi hi cho cc khu vc lin k.Cng ti b nn bn, hai ng c M-01/02-09 c s dng p bn xung y b, nc c tch ln pha trn ca b nn bn.Lng nc ny c bm tr li b iu ha qua bm P-01/02-09.Chng hot ng nh cc tn hiu sau: - Tn hiu cm bin mc trong TK-09A/B: khi cm bin bo mc thp th cm bm ny ngng hot ng. - Tn hiu thi gian nh k hot ng t PLC. Tn hiu t cc bm ht bn P-01/02/03-06 ti cc b hiu kh. Khi cc bm ht bn ny hot ng th cm bm P-01/02-09 cng hot ng ht nc d t TK-09A/B v b iu ha TK-02. - Tn hiu qu nhit, qu dng. Bn c c ti b nn bn c bm vo thit b tch bn (my p bn bng ti) bng bm bn trc vt Pbp-01.Bm bn trc vt Pbp-01 hot ng nh cc tn hiu: - Tn hiu van phao bo mc trong TK-09A/B: Khi tn hiu van phao bo mc cn th bm Pbp-01 ngng hot ng. - Tn hiu thi gian nh k hot ng c ci t ti PLC S7-300. - Tn hiu qu nhit.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Bn c c bm Pbp-01 ht t 2 b nn bn TK-09A/B a vo ngn trn ca my p bn cng vi polymer (t TK-17) ri i qua h thng bng ti p loi nc. My p bn bng ti c cng sut p 3m2/h hot ng theo tn hiu ca bm cp bn Pbp-01. Khi bm cp bn hot ng th my p bng ti hot ng. Bn sau khi p c dng bnh s c chuyn ch n bi rc thi ca nh my hoc c em i chn.Nc p loi ra c a v b thu gom x l li.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


CHNG III. LA CHN THIT B CHO T NG LC CA H THNG X L NC THI NH MY BIA SI GN PH TH3.1. iu kin la chn thit b Khi thit k mach lc cho mt h thng iu khin t ng thi nhim vu cua ngi thit k la la chn phng an cung cp in tt nht cho h thng, va thoa man cac yu cu ky thut a ra lai va re v vn u t va chi phi vn hanh. Do vy, cung co nhiu phng an a ra tinh toan so sanh chon c phng an tt nht. iu kin u tin cac phng an c lit vao danh sach cac phng an em so sanh l chung phai am bao nhng yu cu ky thut c ban. Nu mt phng an thit k a ra tuy re tin nhng khng am bao nhng yu cu ky thut c ban v cht lng, tin cy, vn an toan khi vn hanh h thng thi phng an o khng co y nghia va phai c loai tr t u. Ta chi cn nhn manh n vic thoa man cac yu cu c ban vi trong thc t it co phng an nao thoa man c toan b nhng yu cu ky thut ra. Mi phng an u co mt manh va mt yu cua no, vic quyt inh la chn phng an nao phai kt hp vi tinh toan so sanh v kinh t ky thut. Theo yu cu cng ngh cua may, c cu san xut, cac h thng truyn ng in t ng u c thit k, tinh toan lam vic nhng trang thai xac inh. Cac trang thai hay s c, h hong thng thng phi c d oan khi thit k, tinh toan chung ap dung nhng thit b va bin phap bao v cn thit. Nhng trang thai lam vic cua h thng truyn ng in t ng coTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T25

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


th c c trng bng cac thng s nh: tc lam vic cua cac ng c truyn ng hay cua c cu chp hanh may san xut, dong in phn ng cua ng c hay cua phn kich thich cua ng c in mt chiu, mmen phu tai trn truc ng c truyn ng Tuy theo qua trinh cng ngh yu cu ma cac thng s trn co th ly cac gia tri khac nhau. Vic chuyn t gia tri nay n gia tri khac c thc hin t ng nh h thng iu khin. Trong qua trinh vn hanh, h thng iu khin t ng truyn ng in ( KT T ) co th co cac tac ng ngu nhin hoc chu quan cua nhn vin vn hanh dn n cac s c hoc ch lam vic xu cho h thng. Nu cac ch xu hoc s c khng c loai tr kip thi thi se dn n h hong may moc, thit b, ri loan qua trinh san xut hoc thm chi co th gy ra nhng tai hoa nguy him cho ngi. Vi vy, vn bao v va tin hiu hoa trong h thng la khng th thiu c. No con co nhim vu loai tr va phong cac s c va ch xu co th xay ra, am bao vn hanh an toan cho may moc, thit b cung nh con ngi. Cac thit b in, s cach in va cac b phn dn in khac cua h thng in trong iu kin vn hanh co th mt trong ba ch c ban sau: + Ch lam vic lu dai ( tc lam vic binh thng ). + Ch qua tai (i vi mt s thit b in co th cho phep qua tai n 1,4 ln inh mc ). + Ch chiu dong in ngn mach. Trong ch lam vic lu dai, cac thit b in, s cach in va cac b phn dn in khac se lam vic tin cy nu chung c chon theo ung in ap va dong in inh mc. Trong ch qua tai, dong in qua thit b va cac


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


b phn dn in khac ln hn so vi dong in inh mc. Nu mc qua tai khng vt qua gii han cho phep thi cac thit b in vn lam vic tin cy. Trong tinh trang ngn mach thi cac khi cu in, s cach in va cac b phn dn in khac vn am bao lam vic tin cy nu qua trinh la chn chung co cac thng s theo ung iu kin n inh ng va n nhit. Tt nhin khi xay ra ngn mach, han ch tac hai cua no thi cn phai nhanh chong loai tr tinh trang ngn mach. Cac dang ngn mach thng xay ra trong h thng cung cp in la ngn mach ba pha, hai pha va mt pha ni t. Trong o ngn mach ba pha la nghim trong nht. Vi vy, thng ngi ta cn c vao dong in ngn mach ba pha la chn cac thit b in. Trong h thng nay ta dung Aptomat, cu chi bao v ngn mach cho ng c cua cac may bm. Do o, khi thit k h ng lc cho h thng thi vic quan trong bc nht i vi ngi thit k la phai la chn ra c thit b, khi cu in phu hp, am bao cac yu cu ky thut cua h thng, co y nghia quan trong trong vic am bao cho h thng vn hanh an toan, tin cy va kinh t. 3.2. La chn thit b truyn ng 3.2.1. La chn bm Trong cc dy chuyn cng ngh san xut trong cng nghip vic cung cp nhin liu la mt yu t quan trong quyt inh nng sut va cht lng san phm. i vi h thng co nhin liu la cht long, t ng hoa san xut vic a vao cac may bm nhin liu la iu thit yu. H thng x l nc thi ca nh my Bia Si Gn Ph Th nay cn s dung n h thng bm ch yu: Bm cnh gt v bm bn trc vt. HaiTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T27

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


loi bm ny thch hp dng bm nc thi lun dng sn st. Loi bm ny cn c nhiu tnh nng u vit hn tt c cc loi bm khc khi phn tch c im v nguyn l hot ng ta s thy r c iu . Trong mi trng x l nc thi th bm phi tip xc vi mi trng ch yu nc thi ngoi ra cn mt s ha cht c s dng trong qu trnh x l nc thi nh axit, bazo, clorin V vy khi la chn bm phi trnh c s n mn ca ha cht vi vt liu ch to bm nhm tng bn, tui th cho bm. 3.2.1.1. Bm cnh gt Bm cnh gt l mt my thy lc roto c kt cu n gin lm vic t n, c kh nng iu chnh c lu lng. C 2 loi bm cnh gt: bm cnh gt tc dng n v bm cnh gt tc dng kp. Phm vi lm vic ca bm cnh gt tc dng n tng i hp nhng i vi bm tc dng kp phm vi lm vic c m rng hn nhiu.

Hnh 3-1. Cu to bm cnh gt


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hnh 3-2. Cu to bm cnh gt tc dng n Cu to ca bm cnh gt tc dng n gm c mt v hnh tr trong c rto. Tm ca v v rto lch nhau mt khong l e. Trn rto c cc bn phng, khi rto quay, cc bn phng ny trt trong cc rnh v gt cht lng, nn gi l cnh gt. Phn khng gian gii hn bi v bm v rto gi l th tch lm vic. Vi kt cu bm cnh gt nh trn, mt vng quay my th hin mt ln ht v mt ln y cn gi l bm tc dng n. Bm cng nhiu cnh gt th lu lng cng u, thng thng s cnh gt c t 4 n 12 cnh. Nhc im ca bm cnh gt tc dng n l gy ln lc hng knh lch (t khoang y). Bm cnh gt tc dng kp Khc vi trng hp bm tc dng n, tng th tch lm vic trong qu trnh ht v qu trnh y ngi ta khng b tr roto v stato lch tm nhau m mt trong ca stato c dng nhng cung trn c bn knh khc nhau ni tip nhau. Hai khoang ht v 2 khoang y c b tr i xng nhau qua tm ca v. Nh vy sau mt ln quay bm thc hin hai ln ht v y. tng chiu di khe hp, gim lc dn ng cc cnh gt v trnh cho cnh gt khng bTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T29

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


kt ngi ta b tr cc cnh gt nm nghing so vi phng hng knh mt gc = 6 n 130 (Ch khi b tr nghing nh vy, bm ch lm vic theo mt chiu). Cc thng s ca bm cnh gt-

Khong lm vic ca bm cnh gt: Khong lm vic ca bm cnh

gt thng thng nh sau: + Tc ti thiu khi c ti 500 600v/p + Tc ti a khi c ti 2000 3000v/p + Lu lng ti 600 l/p + p sut lm vic lin tc ti 210 at + p sut ht cho php 0,16 at - Vt liu ch to bm cnh gt: Vt liu lm cnh gt v mt bch l thp chng g. - ng c cnh gt: Kt cu ca ng c cnh gt tng t nh bm cnh gt nhng i vi ng c yu cu lc t ca cnh gt ln stato phi thng xuyn v ln. Trong mi trng nc thi p lc ca nc tc dng ln cnh gt l rt ln. Lu lng ca bm cch gt tc ng n c tnh theo cng thc:Q= 2 d b n e l ph 1000

Trong : d ng knh statoTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T30

(cm)GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


b b rng ca cnh gt n s vng quay trong mt pht ca roto e lch tm

(cm) (cm) (cm)

Theo yu cu ca h thng x l nc thi s dng bm cnh gt trong cc qu trnh sau:Bng 3.1 Bng tng hp bm cnh gt

Qu trnh Thu gom

Tn bm

Cng sut

Chc nng Bm nc thi

P-01/02- 01

5,5kW

ln ho

b

iu

Bm nc thi iu ho P-01/02/03- 02 3kW t b iu ho sang b ym kh Kh trng P-01/02- 16 0,75kW Bm ho cht kh trng

3.2.1.2. Bm trc vt. Bm trc vt l loi bm rto - quay, trong nh c ren xon vt (rto) m trong khoang ht v khoang y hon ton thng nhau. Bm trc vt c ch to bng mt, hai, ba hoc nhiu hn trc vt n khp vi nhau, trong s


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


c mt trc dn, cn li l trc b dn. Bm trc vt c th t ng hoc t nm ngang.

Hnh 3-3. Mt ct bm c ba trc vt 1 - Trc vt dn. 2 - Pittong gim ti. 3 - ng lt gim ti. 4 - Trc vt b dn. 5 - Vng (c tc dng nh trt). Cn lu rng, trc vt b dn khng sinh cng c ch, v ch dng chn kn. Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng cc trc vt b dn quay c l nh p lc ca mi cht c bm chuyn. Bm trc vt c t trong khoang ca thn bm. Khi bm lm vic mi cht c ht t u ny n u kia ca cc cp trc vt. Bm ba trc vt c di lu lng t 0,4 n 400 m3/h vi p sut n 25 Mpa (250 kg/cm2). Bm b trc vt dng bm cht lng khng c tp chtTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T32

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


l lng vi nht ng (0,1,60) cm2/s v nhit 100oC. Bm mt trc vt c hiu sut 0,3; lu lng 60m 3/h vi p sut ln nht 0,5; 2,5 Mpa (5,25 kg/cm3) v dng bm cc dung dch sch v bn (bn, mt, r ng, hoa qu nghin ln ht, bt nho, vv) k c dung dc ha cht hot tnh, vi nht ng 1000cm2/s v nhit 80oC. Theo yu cu ca h thng x l nc thi s dng bm trc vt trong cc qu trnh sau: Bng 3-2. Bng tng hp bm trc vt. Qu trnh Ln g Tn bm Cng sut Chc nng Bm bn t b P-01/02- 04 1,5kW lng sang b cha bn. Bm bn t b P-01/02/03- 06 5kW hiu kh sang b cha bn. Bm bn t b P-01/02- 09 0,75kW cha bn sang b nn bn.

Hiu kh X l bn

3.2.2. La chn ng c khuy Trong h thng ta s dng ng c khuy cho 3 qu trnh l : Qu trnh iu ha.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T33

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Qu trnh ym kh. Qu trnh hiu kh. T cc thng bit v cc thng s chiu cao ca b, khi lng ring ca nc thi trong nh my, bn knh cnh khuy ta tnh c cng sut ng c cn thit nh sau: - Tnh p lc nc: p0 = H. Vi H: l chiu cao ca cht lng cha trong bnh : trng lng ring ca cht lng. => p0 = H. = 2,2.2,5.103 = 55000 (N/m2) - Tnh lc tc dng ln cnh khuy: P = p0.F = 5500.0,014 = 78 N Vi F: din tch mt mt cnh khuy tip xc vi cht lng. Ph thuc vo vic chn hnh dng cnh khuy. - Tnh momen cn: M = P.R = 78.0,1 = 7.8 Nm Vi R: l khong cch t trc ng c n im t ca lc tc dng ln cnh khuy. - Tnh cng sut: Chn tc quay ca ng c l n = 925 vng/pht. N = 9,55 =M .n 165.925 = 750(W) = 0,75 (kW). 9,55

Ly cng sut ng c l 0,75 kW. Vy ng c khuy c la chn cho h thng c thng s: Pm = 0,75 kW.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T34

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Um = 380V. ndc = 925vng/pht. cos = 0,85 = 0,8 3.2.3. La chn van Van l mt b phn trong h thy lc c nhim v iu chnh cng sut thy lc truyn ti c cu chp hnh. Vai tr ca chng l ng/m dng chy ca nc thi hoc phn hng n theo yu cu, do cho php iu chnh hai i lng vt l chnh ca vic truyn cht lng l p sut v lu lng dng chy. Phn loi van theo ch hot ng, c cc dng: Van nh hng Van ng-m Van iu chnh p sut Van iu chnh lu lng dng chy Van nh hng quyt nh lng v chiu dng cht lng qua n bng s dch chuyn ca cc phn di ng tng ng trong chng hoc tc ng t bn ngoi. Van nh hng cng c xem nh van phn phi, c phn bit nh dng ca cc phn t di ng, do chng c phn loi theo cu trc bn trong ca chng, bng s lng kt ni c th vi cc ng dn ngoi v s v tr chuyn mch.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hnh 3-4: S ca van bn ngn, hai v tr Cc phn t di ng c th c dng poppet hoc dng cun. Cc van poppet khng phn bit dng cht lng v khng chu tc ng bi cc tp cht trong cht lng , nhng yu cu lc tc ng ln khi khng th b vi p lc cht lng. Cc van cun cho php kt ni ng thi theo mt vi dng khc nhau vi cc s chuyn khc nhau, do thng dng hn bi s linh hot ca chng. S kt ni c th c xc nh bi s ng chy hoc cch th hin trn b ngoi thn van. S v tr chuyn tng ng vi s s kt ni c th ca van, vi cc di chuyn thch hp ca cc phn di ng. Hnh 3.4 m t s hot ng ca van 4 ngn, 2 v tr (k hiu l 4/2) ni vi mt ng c tuyn tnh hnh trnh kp. v tr 1 (Hnh 3.4(a)) ngun cung cp lin h vi khoang sau ca xilanh qua u ra A, cn khoang trc x qua cng B. Trong s ny, pittng thc hin mt hnh trnh tin v pha trc khi thanh truyn hng ra ngoi. v tr 2 (Hnh 3.4(b)), s di chuyn ca van trt khin vic cp v x 2 khoang ngc li, pittng thc hin hnh trnh ngc li. Van nh hng nhiu v tr c biu din bi cc hnh vung t cnh nhau m t cc kt ni tng v tr. Biu din mt s k hiu van nh hng theo chun ISO. V tr gia ca cc van 3 v tr thng l v tr dng c niTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T36

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


vi van cun v cc v tr ph. Cc van nh hng c th iu khin theo nhiu cch bng tay; c kh: cc thit b nh cam, n by,...; thy lc v kh nn: cc lu cht b nn; in t, trc tip hoc gin tip ph thuc vo lc sinh ra do nam chm in t thng hng vi van trt hoc bng dng cht lng, hng ca chng c iu khin bi 1 van dn hng nh hn van iu khin chnh. Do yu cu ca h thng nn chng ti chn loi van ng ngt c cc thng s sau:

Cc van ng/ngt (on/off)

Cc van ng ngt l cc van n hng, ch cho php dng cht lng chy theo mt hng. Do chng cn dng theo chiu ngc li nn chng cn c gi l van khng phn hi (nonreturn) hay cc van kim tra. Cc van ng/ngt thng c t trong mch thy lc gia bm v c cu chp hnh nn khi my pht dng, dng cht lng trong h thng khng c a vo b cha m lu li trong ng ng. Vic ny s ngn s lng ph nng lng cho vic lp y ng sau v m bo v tr ca c cu chp hnh di ti. V mt cu trc, cc van kim tra bao gm mt c cu chp hnh km theo mt qu cu hoc pittng c duy tr ti v tr ca n nh lc y ca l xo (van khng phn hi), hoc bng p sut chnh lch gia bn trong hoc bn ngoi (van n hng). Thng s ca van ng ngt


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


C cu chp hanh y la cac van dung ong m cac ng ng. Hin nay co nhiu loai van co th dung iu khin t ng nh cac van in khi, van motor i vi h thng x l nc thi ta chon van in t. Trn thi trng co nhiu nha cung cp van nhng co van in t 2vao/2ra loai 281 cua hang Burkert CHLB c la phu hp. Loai van 281 c thit k co nhiu ng kinh ming ng khac nhau, vi mc san xut trung binh nn ti la chon van in t co: - ng kinh ng DN = 40 mm. - Tc chay qua van i vi nc la 10 m3/h hay i vi khng khi la 5400 l/min. Loai van in t 281 s dung hai mach in co chc nng kich hoat vic ong m cac van.

AC A ( F)

BC B ( F)

P

P

Hnh 3-5. Biu din cc mch chc nng i vi 2 mach in chc nng nay co dai ap sut lam vic khac nhau - Mach A la t 0,2 16 bar. - Mach B t 0,2 12 bar. - Sai s ap sut ti thiu la 0,5 bar ap dung cho dong chay y.-

Thn va b cua van lam bng ng co th chiu c nhit la 550C. nht cho phep ti a la 21 mm2/s.GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L38

-

Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T


i vi cun hut cua van: - Ngun nui xoay chiu AC 220V, 110V, 42V, 24V / 50 60 Hz - Hoc ngun mt chiu DC 24V.-

Ty l vong hut t 10 50 vong/giy.

3.3. La chn Aptomat 3.3.1. Gii thiu v Aptomat Aptomat co c tinh bao v, no thng c dung thay th cho cu chi. Aptomat co kha nng ct dong in ln hang trm ln so vi tri s danh inh. Khi xay ra hin tng ngn mach hoc qua tai thi Aptomat se ct ca ba pha, tranh c ch cng tac hai pha.

Hnh 3-6. Cc loi Aptomat Aptomat c chia ra lam ba loai: Aptomat vn nng: c dng ng ct mch ng lc khi qu

ti v ngn mch (i vi dng bo v cc i); khi qua tai, ngn mach vaTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T39

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


giam thp in ap (i vi bao v cc ai va cc tiu); khi qua non tai, ngn mach va mt in ap. + iu khin Aptomat co th bng tay hoc bng nam chm in hoc bng ng c in. + Loai Aptomat nay thc hin bao v rt chc chn, nhng trong thc t it s dung vi gia thanh cao va kich thc ln. Aptomat chuyn dung: o la cac Aptomatco cng dung c bit: Dung ong va ct t xa khng thng xuyn va t ng ct khi co tai, dung cho li in mt chiu in ap n 750V, va dong in n 6000A, Aptomat dit t trng dung bao v may phat khi ngn mach . + Cac Aptomat tac ng nhanh co thi gian ong ct khng qua 0,01 giy dung bao v qua tai, ngn mach va dong in ngc, c bit no co kha nng ngt dong ngn mach trc khi no at c tri s cc ai. Aptomat chinh inh: Loai nay c dung bao v cac mach in tranh qua tai va ngn mach. No tng i re va kich thc be so vi loai van nng vi no c san xut vi cng dung hep. + Vic dung Aptomat nay thay cho cu dao ong ct chi c phep khi s ln ong ct it, bi vi h thng c khi cua no phc tap hn va tui tho cua no c tinh bng tng s ln ong ct. thc hin ct t ng, Aptomat chinh inh co th co cac c cu ct in t (ct nhanh), nhit va hn hp (ca in t va nhit ). + C cu in t (hay c cu ct nhanh) co phn t nam chm in nhay vi dong in ngn mach, tac ng coi nh khng co thi gian tr. C cu nha nhit co mt phn t nhit tac ng co thi gian tr phu thuc quan tinh nhit cua phn t cam thu nhit. Tui tho cua Aptomat chinh inh cao. ViTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T40

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


du loai A 3100 co khoang t 5000 420000 ln ong ct dong in xoay chiu va t 5000 410000 i vi dong in mt chiu. + Dong in chinh inh cua c cu nha in t cua Aptomat nn chon tri s nho nht nhng khng c tac ng ct h thng ng lc nhng trng hp qua tai tam thi do khi ng hoc do phu tai inh chon cho phep cua cng ngh. Thng thng i vi ng c vanh trt dong chinh inh nn chon: Icd = 1,2.Ik Trong o: Ik la dong khi ng cua ng c. i vi ng c Roto lng soc thi: Icd = 1,3.Ik 3.3.2. Tinh toan la chon ra Aptomat Aptomat c chon theo iu kin in ap, dong in, kiu loai va hoan canh lam vic va phai kim tra kha nng ct dong in ngn mach va phai chinh inh mc ct dong in qua tai. Nhng tng quat lai thi Aptomat c chon UmA Um mang Vi Aptomat nhanh thi: Im A Itt nhom Vi Aptomat tng thi: Im A kt . Itt nhom H s ng thi co th ly kt = 0,9 0,95 Sau o cn kim tra kha nng ct gii han cua AptomatIgh IN vi IN = Ick = I = I

theo:

3.3.3. Tnh ton la chon Aptomat nhanh cho tng qu trnh 3.3.3.1. Qu trnh thu gom


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 2 ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun: ( tnh ton c n gin ta chn cos = 1) ng c quay ph lan co cng sut inh mc P= 0,75 kW, va in

ap inh mc la Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. T cng thc: Do o: P = Um.Im Im = U = = 1,97 (A) 380 mP 750

Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 1,97 = 4,25 (A) Trong o: Im la dong in inh mc cua ng c Imm la dong in m may cua ng c p = 3 la s cc cua ng c Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30 - CS ng c bm P01/02 c cng sut P=5,5 kW, in p nh mc

Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n = 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 14,47 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 14,47 = 36,2 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF63- SW 3.3.3.2. Qu trnh iu ha Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 3 cm ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun: Cm ng c bm ha cht P01-14/P01-15, cng sut mi bm lP 5500

0,2kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 0,4 kW, in p nh mc Um= 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L

N TT NGHIP 2006 2011P 400

Im = U = = 1,05 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 1,05 = 2,625 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS Cm ng c bm nc thi t b thu gom P01/02/03 cng sut mi

bm l 3kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 9 kW, in p nh mc Um= 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 23,68 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 23,68 = 59,2(A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF125- SW Cm ng c khuy ha cht SMX01/02 cng sut mi ng c lP 90000

0,75kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 1,5 kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 925v/phut. Im = U = = 3,95 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5x Im = 2,5 x 3,95 = 9,875(A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS Chn Aptomat tng cho qu trnh iu ha: Ptng= 0,4 + 9 + 1,5 = 10,9 kW Im = U = = 136,25 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 136,25 = 340,6(A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat tng la: NF400- SW 3.3.3.3. Qu trnh ym khP 10900 P 1500


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 1 ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun SMX01/02 cng sut P= 0,75kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 925v/phut. Im = U = = 1,97 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 1,97 = 4,925 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS 3.3.3.4. Qu trnh lng Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 1 cm ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun P01,02 cng sut mi bm l 1,5kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 3kW in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 7,89 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 7,89 = 19,7 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS 3.3.3.5. Qu trnh hiu kh Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 3 ng c khuy, 3 ng c bm, 3 van: Cm ng c khuy SMX01,02,03: s dng ng c khng ng bP 3000 P 750

ba pha Roto dy qun cng sut mi ng c l 0,75kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm ng c l P= 2,25 kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 925v/phut. Im = U = = 5,92 (A) 380 mP 2250


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 5,92 = 14,8(A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS Cm ng c bm P01,02,03 : s dng ng c khng ng b ba

pha Roto dy qun cng sut mi bm l 5 kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 15kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 39,47 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 39,47 = 98,7(A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF125- CW Cm van D01,02,03: s dng ng c khng ng b ba pha RotoP 15000

dy qun cng sut mi van l 0,55 kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm van l P= 1,65,in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 4,34 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 4,34= 10,85(A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS Chn Aptomat tng cho qu trnh hiu kh: Ptng= 5x3 + 0,75x3 +0,55x3= 143,4kW Itng = U = mPtong 143400 = 377,4(A) 380 P 1650

Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 377,4= 943,5 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF1000- SDW 3.3.3.6. Qu trnh x l bn.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Trong qu trnh nay co s dung cc cm ng c: bm trc vt, bm nc thi, ng c nn: Cm ng c bm P01,02 : s dng ng c khng ng b ba pha

Roto dy qun cng sut mi bm l 0,75 kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 1,5kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 3,94 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 3,94 = 9,85 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS Bm trc vt : s dng ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dyP 1500

qun cng sut bm l 0,75 kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 1,97 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 1,97= 4,925 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS Cm ng c nn M01, 02 : s dng ng c khng ng b ba phaP 750

Roto dy qun cng sut mi ng c l 1,5kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 3kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 7,9 (A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 7,9 = 19,75 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CSP 3000


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L

N TT NGHIP 2006 2011 Bm bn P10 : s dng ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy

qun cng sut ng c l 1,1kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 2,9(A) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 2,9 = 7,25 (A) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS Chn Aptomat tng cho qu trnh nn bn, cha bn: Ptng= 1,5+0,75+1,1+3 = 6,35kW Itng = U = = 16,7 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 16,7= 41,75( A ) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF63- SW 3.3.3.7. Qu trnh kh trng. Trong qu trnh nay co s dung ng c bm nc thi: P01, 02: sPtong 6350 P 1100

dng ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun cng sut mi ng c l 0,2kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 0,4kW, in p Um= 380V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 1,05( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 1,05= 2,625( A ) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF30- CS My thi kh AB01,02 : s dng ng c khng ng b ba phaP 400

Roto dy qun cng sut mi ng c l 3,7kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


cm bm l P= 7,4kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 19,5( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 19,5= 48,75 ( A ) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF63-SW My thi kh AB03,04,05 : s dng ng c khng ng b ba phaP 7400

Roto dy qun cng sut mi ng c l 15kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 45kW, in p nh mc Um = 380 V vi s vong quay la n= 1450v/phut. Im = U = = 118,4( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 2,5 x Im = 2,5 x 118,4= 296( A ) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF400-SW 3.3.4. La chon Aptomat tng cho h thng x l nc thi trong nh my bia Si Gn - Ph Th. Cng sut trung binh cua nhom thit b Ptb = P Trong ta c P l tng cng sut ca cc ng c trong h thng bao gm t qu trnh thu gom n qu trnh nn bn. Qu trnh thu gom: P1 = 0,75+ 5,5x 2 = 11,75kW Qu trnh iu ha: P2= 0,4 + 9 + 1,5 = 10,9 kW Qa trnh ym kh: P3 = 0,75x2 = 1,5kW Qu trnh lng: P4= 1,5 x 2 = 3kW Qu trnh hiu kh: P5= 5 x 3 + 0,75 x 3 +0,55 x 3= 143,4kW Qu trnh nn bn, cha bn: P6 = 1,5+0,75+1,1+3 = 6,35kWTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T48P 45000

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Qu trnh kh trng: P7 = 0,2 x 2 + 7,4 +45 = 52,8kW T ta c cng sut tng ca c h thng: Ptb = P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5 + P6 +P7 = 11,75 + 10,9+ 1,5+ 3+ 143,4 + 6,35 + 52,8 = 299,7 kW Itb = U = mPtb 299700 = 604,5 ( A ) 380

Mt khac, ta co: Imm = 1,5 x Itb = 1,5 x 604,5= 906,7 ( A ) Tra theo bang phu luc ta chon c loai Aptomat la: NF1000- SW Khi bit c cng sut ng c ta tnh c dng in nh mc v dng in m my t ta tm c Aptomat ph hp cho tng ng c. Nh vy, ng vi dng in m my trn chng em tra cu ti S tay tra cu v la chn aptomat ca tc gi Ng Hng Quang v sn xut ti nh xut bn Khoa Hc K Thut c cc Aptomat ph hp. Di y l bng tng hp tt c cc loi cn dng trong h thng: Bng 3-1. Bng tng hp thng s Aptomat ca h thng Qu trnh Thu gom Thit b Cng sut Loi aptomat Hng sn xut NF30- CS NF63 SW NF30- CS Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Mitsubishi

ng c ko Ph lan 0,75kW ng c bm Thit b tch rc 02 my khuy trn 0,75kW 5,5kW

iu ha

chm SMX-01/02-02 02 Cm bm ha cht iu chnh pH 0,2kW NF30- CS Mitsubishi


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Cm Ym kh Lng

bm

P- 3kW

NF 125-SW

Mitsubishi

01/02/03-02 02 my khuy trn chm SMX-01/02-03 Cm bm P-01/0204 03 my khuy trn chm Hiu kh 01/02/03-06 Cm bm P01/02/03-06 3 Van 01/02/03- 06 Bm NaOCl Kh trng Cm 03 my thi kh AB 03/04/05 Cm 02 my thi kh AB 01/02 Nn bn B cha nc Bm P-01-18 1,1kW NF 30 - CS Mitsubishi Cm bm P-01/0209 ha cht 5kW 0,55kW 0,2kw 15kW 3,7kW 1,5kW NF 125-SW NF 30-CS NF 30 - CS NF400-SW NF 63-SW NF 30 - CS Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Mitsubishi SMX- 0,75kW NF 30 CS Mitsubishi 0,75kW 1,5kW NF 30-CS NF 30 CS Mitsubishi Mitsubishi


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


3.4. Cng tc t (Constactor) 3.4.1 Gii thiu chung v cng tc t Cng tc t l kh c in dng ng, ct thng xuyn cc mch in ng lc, t xa bng tay hay t ng. Vic ng ct cng tc t c tip im c th thc hin bng nam chm in, thu lc hay kh nn. Thng thng l loi ng ct bng in. Cng tc t khng tip im vic ng ct cng tc t loi ny bng cch cho cc xung in kho hoc m cc van bn dn (thyristor, triac). Theo dng dng in ng ct c cc loi cng tc t in mt chiu, in xoay chiu. Cng tc t in mt chiu nam chm in ca n l loi nam chm in 1 chiu, ng ct mch mt chiu. Cng tc t in xoay chiu nam chm in ca n l loi xoay chiu, c th ng ct mch mt chiu hay xoay chiu. Cc tham s khi chn cng tc t: - in p nh mc Um: l in p mch in tng ng m tip im chnh ca cng tc t phi ng ct. in p nh mc c cc cp: - Mt chiu: 110V, 220V, 440V. - Xoay chiu: 127V, 220V, 380V,500V. - Dng in nh mc Im: l ng in nh mc i qua tip im chnh ca cng tc t trong ch lm vic gin on lu di, ngha l ch ny thi gian tip cng tc t trng thi ng khng qu 8h. ch lm vic lu di ngha l khi tip im cng tc t lm vic lu hn 8h th dng in nh mc cng tc t ly thp hn khong 20%. Chn cng tc t c dng cao hn. - in p cun dy Ucdm: l in p nh mc t vo cun dy.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T51

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


- S cc: l s cp tip im chnh cng tc t in mt chiu c mt cc hay hai cc, cng tc t in xoay chiu c 3 cc hoc c khi c 2,4,5 cc. - S cp tip im ph: thng trong cng tc t c cc cp tip im ph thng ng v thng m c dng in nh mc 5A hoc 10A. - Kh nng ng v kh nng ct: l gi tr dng in cho php i qua tip im chnh khi ng Ig hoc khi ct Ing v d khi chn cng tc t dng khi ng ng c xoay chiu 3 pha Rto lng sc cn c kh nng chu ng t 4 n 7 ln Im. - Tui th ca cng tc t: l s ln ng ct ca cng tc t m sau s ln ng ct y cng tc t hng v s khng dng c na. S hng ca n c th do mt bn c, hoc bn in. - Tui th c l s ln ng ct khng ti cho n khi hng. - Tui th in l s ln ng ct vi ti nh mc thng tui th in bng 1/10 n 1/5 tui th c. - Tn s ng ct: l s ln ng ct cng tc t cho php trong 1 gi. - Tnh n nh in: Cng tc t c tnh n nh in ng, ngha l tip im chnh ca n cho php 1 dng in i qua m lc in ng sinh ra khng ph hu mch vng dn in.. Imtt Dng in nh mc tnh ton ca cng tc t. - Tnh n nh nhit: cng tc t c tnh n nh nhit c ngha l khi c dng in ngn mch chy qua trong khon thi gian cho php, cc tip im khng b hn chy v dnh li.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hnh 3-7. Mt s loi Cng tc t 3.4.2. Tnh ton la chn cng tc t cho h thng x l nc thi. 3.4.2.1. Qu trnh thu gom Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 2 ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun:

ng c quay ph lan co cng sut P= 0,75 kW, Im = 1,97 A. Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 1,97 = 7,88 ( A ) Trong o: Im la dong in inh mc cua ng c Ic la dong in ng ct ca Cng tc t. Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S- N10

ng c bm P01/02 c cng sut P=5,5 kW, Im = 14,47 A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 14,47 = 57,88 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S- N300 3.4.2.2. Qu trnh iu ha Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 3 cm ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun:

Cm ng c bm ha cht P01-14/P01-15, cng sut mi bm l 0,2kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 0,4 kW , Im = 1,05 A


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 1,05 = 4,2 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S- N10KP

Cm ng c bm nc thi t b thu gom P01/02/03 cng sut mi bm l 3kW,suy ra cng sut tng l P= 9 kW, Im = 23,68 A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 23,68 = 94,72( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S- N95

Cm ng c khuy ha cht SMX01/02 cng sut mi ng c l 0,75kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 1,5 kW, Im = 3,95A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 3,95 = 15,8( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N18 3.4.2.3. Qu trnh ym kh Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 1 ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun SMX01/02 cng sut P= 0,75kW, Im = 1,97A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 1,97 = 7,88 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N10 3.4.2.4. Qu trnh lng Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 1 cm ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun P01,02 cng sut mi bm l 1,5kW, Im = 7,89A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 7,89 = 31,56 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N35 3.4.2.5. Qu trnh hiu kh Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 3 ng c khuy, 3 ng c bm, 3 van: Cm ng c khuy SMX01,02,03: cng sut mi ng c l

0,75kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 2,25 kW, Im = 5,92ATrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T54

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 5,92 = 23,68( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S- N25 Cm ng c bm P01,02,03 : cng sut mi bm l 5 kW, suy ra

cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 15kW, Im = 39,47A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 39,47 = 157,88( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N150 Cm van D01,02,03 : cng sut tng l P= 1,65kW, Im = 4,34AP 1650

Im = U = = 4,34 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 4,34= 17,36( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N18 3.4.2.6. Qu trnh x l bn. Trong qu trnh nay co s dung cc cm ng c: bm trc vt, bm nc thi, ng c nn:

Cm ng c bm P01,02 : cng sut mi bm l 0,75 kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 1,5kW, Im = 3,94A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 3,94 = 15,76 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N18

Bm trc vt : cng sut bm l 0,75 kW, Im = 1,97A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 1,97= 7,88 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N10

Cm ng c nn M01, 02 : cng sut mi ng c l 1,5kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 3kW, Im = 7,9A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 7,9 = 31,6 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N25Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T55

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Bm bn P10 : cng sut ng c lP= 1,1kW, Im = 2,9A. Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 2,9 = 11,6 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N12 3.4.2.7. Qu trnh kh trng. Trong qu trnh nay co s dung ng c bm nc thi: P01, 02:

cng sut mi ng c l 0,2kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 0,4kW, Im= 1,05A. Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 1,05= 4,2( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N10 My thi kh AB01,02 : cng sut mi ng c l 3,7kW, suy ra

cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 7,4kW, Im = 19,5A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 19,5= 78 ( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N80 My thi kh AB03,04,05 : cng sut mi ng c l 15kW, suy

ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 45kW, Im = 19,5A Mt khac, ta co: Ic = 4 x Im = 4 x 118,4= 473,6( A ) Tra theo bang ph lc ta chon c loai Cng tc t l: S N400 3.5. R le nhit 3.5.1. Gii thiu chung v r le nhit. Rle nhit la phn t dung bao v ng c ( cac thit b ) khi ng bi qua tai. Rle nhit co dong in lam vic ti vai trm Ampe, li in mt chiu ti 440 V va xoay chiu ti 500 V s dung, tn s 50Hz.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hnh 3-8. R le nhit s dng cho khi ng t, dng thanh lng cc

Hnh 3-9. Rle nhit Mach lc cn bao v qua tai c mc ni tip vi phn t t nong. Khi co dong in phu tai chay qua, phn t t nong se nong ln va toa nhit ra xung quanh. Lam cho bng kep (bimetal) khi bi nong se cong ln trn, ri khoi u trn cua on xoay. Lam lo xo se keo on xoay ngc chiu kim ng h. u di cua on xoay se quay sang bn va keo theo thanh keo cach in. Tip im thng ong m ra, ct mach iu khin i tng cn bao v.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Khi co s c qua tai a c giai quyt, bng kep ngui va cong xung nhng chi ty ln u trn cua on xoay, nn tip im khng th t ong lai c. Mun rle hoan toan tr lai trang thai ban u tip tuc tr v qua tai thi phai n nut hi phuc y on xoay 3 quay thun chiu kim ng h va u t do cua bng kep se tut xung gi on xoay vi tri ong tip im. Rle nhit co quan tinh nhit ln. o la vi khi dong in tai tng ln, cn mt thi gian nhit trn phn t t nong truyn ti bng kep, lam bng kep nong ln. Vi th, rle nhit khng co tac dung ct mach tc thi va khi dong tng ln manh nghia la bao v c qua tai ln tc thi cung nh s c chp mach. Rle nhit cung co c tinh c ban la c tinh thi gian dong in tng t nh cua cu chi. Dong in qua tai cang ln thi thi gian tac ng cua rle nhit cang ngn. Dng in khi ng cho Rle c xc nh nh sau: Iktt ImRN Im /c Trong : Iktt : dng in khi ng tnh ton. ImRN : dng in nh mc ca rle nhit. Im/c : dng in nh mc ca ng c. Dng in khi ng Rle nhit tnh theo nhit mi trng xung quanh. ImRN(t) =Im RN 1,6 0,017 t C ( vi toC l nhit mi trng xung quanh )o


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Trong thc t s dung, dong in inh mc cua rle nhit thng c chon bng dong in inh mc cua ng c in cn c bao v qua tai, sau o chinh gia tri cua dong in tac ng la: It = ( 1,2 1,3 )Im Vi rle nhit tac ng la nh bng kep bi nung nong cong ln nn tac ng cua rle nhit chiu anh hng cua mi trng xung quanh. Khi nhit cua mi trng xung quanh tng, rle nhit se tac ng sm hn nghia la dong in tac ng bi giam. Khi o, cn phai hiu chinh lai It. Cch chn nhanh dng in nh mc cho Rle nhit bng dng nh mc cho ng c cn bo v v dng tc ng ca Rle I t =(1,2 1,3)Im. Dng ti ng ca ca Rle nhit c th thay i c trong 1 phm vi nh, bng cch xoay iu chnh nm. 3.5.2. La chn r le nhit cho h thng x l nc thi. 3.5.2.1. Qu trnh thu gom Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 2 ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun: ng c quay ph lan co cng sut inh mc P= 0,75 kW, Do o: Im = U = = 1,97 ( A ) 380 m It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 1,97 = 2,364 ( A ) Trong o: Im la dong in inh mc cua ng c It la dong in tc ng ca r l nhit. Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l: TH- N12KP ng c bm P01/02 c cng sut P=5,5 kWP 750


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L

N TT NGHIP 2006 2011P 5500

Im = U = = 14,47 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 14,47 = 17,36 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l: TH- N20KP 3.5.2.2. Qu trnh iu ha Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 3 cm ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun: Cm ng c bm ha cht P01-14/P01-15, cng sut mi bm l

0,2kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 0,4 kW Im = U = = 1,05 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 1,05 = 126 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH-N400RHK Cm ng c bm nc thi t b thu gom P01/02/03 cng sutP 400

mi bm l 3kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 9 kW. Im = U = = 23,68 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 23,68 = 28,4( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH-N60KP Cm ng c khuy ha cht SMX01/02 cng sut mi ng c lP 90000

0,75kW, suy ra cng sut tng l P= 1,5 kW Im = U = = 3,95 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2x Im = 1,2 x 3,95 = 4,74( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH- N18KP 3.5.2.3. Qu trnh ym khTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T60P 1500

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 1 ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun SMX01/02 cng sut P= 0,75kW Im = U = = 1,97 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 1,97 = 2,36 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH N12KP 3.5.2.4. Qu trnh lng Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 1 cm ng c khng ng b ba pha Roto dy qun P01,02 cng sut mi bm l 1,5kW Im = U = = 7,89 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2x Im = 1,2 x 7,89 = 9,47 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l 3.5.2.5. Qu trnh hiu kh Trong qu trnh nay co s dung 3 ng c khuy, 3 ng c bm, 3 van: Cm ng c khuy SMX01,02,03: cng sut mi ng c l 0,75kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm ng c l P= 2,25 kW, Im = U = = 5,92 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 5,92 = 7,1( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH- N20KP Cm ng c bm P01,02,03 : cng sut mi bm l 5 kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 15kW Im = U = = 39,47 ( A ) 380 mTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T61P 15000 P 2250 P 3000 P 750

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 39,47 = 47,3( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH- N60KP Cm van D01,02,03 : cng sut tng ca cm van l P= 1,65kWP 1650

Im = U = = 4,34 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 4,34= 5,2( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH N12KP 3.5.2.6. Qu trnh x l bn. Trong qu trnh nay co s dung cc cm ng c: bm trc vt, bm nc thi, ng c nn: Cm ng c bm P01,02 : cng sut mi bm l 0,75 kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 1,5kW Im = U = = 3,94 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 3,94 = 4,7 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH- N12KP Bm trc vt : cng sut bm l 0,75 kW Im = U = = 1,97 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 1,97= 2,36 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH N12KP Cm ng c nn M01, 02 : cng sut mi ng c l 1,5kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 3kW Im = U = = 7,9 ( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 7,9 = 9,48 ( A )Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T62P 3000 P 750 P 1500

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH- N18KP Bm bn P10 : cng sut ng c l 1,1kWP 1100

Im = U = = 2,9( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 2,9 = 3,48 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH N12KP 3.5.2.7. Qu trnh kh trng. Trong qu trnh nay co s dung ng c bm nc thi: P01, 02:

cng sut mi ng c l 0,2kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 0,4Kw. Im = U = = 1,05( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 1,05= 1,26( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH N12KP My thi kh AB01,02 : cng sut mi ng c l 3,7kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 7,4kW Im = U = = 19,5( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 19,5= 23,4 ( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH- N60 KP My thi kh AB03,04,05 : cng sut mi ng c l 15kW, suy ra cng sut tng ca cm bm l P= 45kW Im = U = = 118,4( A ) 380 m Mt khac, ta co: It = 1,2 x Im = 1,2 x 118,4= 142,08( A ) Tra theo bang tra r le nhit ta chon c loai R le nhit l TH N400KPTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T63P 45000 P 7400 P 400

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


CHNG IV. LA CHN THIT B CHO T IU KHIN CA H THNG X L NC THI NH MY BIA SI GN PH TH4.1. Thit b iu khin H thng x l nc thi l mt h thng phc tp, i hi phi c thit b iu khin m bo c cc yu cu: lm vic n nh, chu c mi trng nhit , m cao, kt ni d dng vi cc thit b khc nh my tnh, HMI Do vy s dng thit b iu khin Logic kh trnh PLC l thch hp nht. Thit b iu khin Logic kh trnh PLC l loi thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh, thay cho vic phi th hin thut ton bng mch s. Nh vy, vi chng trnh iu khin thng minh, PLC tr thnh b iu khin nh gn, d thay i thut ton v c bit d trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh (vi cc PLC khc hoc vi my tnh). Ton b chng trnh c lu trong b nh di dng khi chng trnh (OB, FC, FB) v c thc hin vi chu k qut. Ngha l phi c mt b vi x l trung tm (CPU), mt h iu hnh, mt b nh chng trnh lu chng trnh cng nh d liu v phi c cc cng vo ra giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi Bn cnh , nhm phc v bi ton iu khin s, PLC phi c cc khi hm chc nng nh Timer, Counter v cc hm chc nng c bit khc.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Trong h thng ny chng em la chn PLC S7-300 ca hng Siemens v thit b ny hot ng rt n nh, dung lng b nh ln, tch hp c nhiu Modul vo/ra, v gi thnh hp l.

Hnh 4-1. PLC S7-300 ca hng Siemens c im ca PLC S7-300: PLC S7300 l dng sn phm cao cp, c dng cho nhng ng dng ln vi nhng yu cu I/O nhiu v thi gian p ng nhanh, yu cu kt ni mng v c kh nng m rng cho sau ny. Ngn ng lp trnh a dng cho php ngi s dng c quyn chn la. c im ni bt ca S7_300 l ngn ng lp trnh cung cp nhng hm ton a dng cho nhng yu cu chuyn bit nh : Hm SCALE..


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hoc ta c th s dng ngn ng chuyn bit xy dng hm ring cho ng dng m ta cn. Ngoi ra, S7-300 cn xy dng phn cng theo cu trc Modul, ngha l i vi S7-300 s c nhng Modul tch hp cho nhng ng dng c bit nh Modul PID, Modul c xung tc cao. 4.1.1. Cc Tn hiu kt ni vi PLC a. Tn hiu s : L cc tn hiu thuc dng hm Boolean, dng tn hiu ch c 2 tr 0 hoc 1. i vi PLC Siemens : Mc 0 : tng ng vi 0V hoc h mch Mc 1 : Tng ng vi 24V VD: Cc tn hiu t nt nhn, t cc cng tc hnh trnh... u l nhng tn hiu s b. Tn hiu tng t: L tn hiu lin tc, t 0 10V hay t 4 20mA VD: Tn hiu c t Loadcell, t cm bin lu lng, sensor nhit c. Tn hiu khc : Bao gm cc tn hiu giao tip vi my tnh ,vi cc thit b ngoi vi khc bng cc giao thc khc nhau nh giao thc RS232, RS485, Modbus 4.1.2. Cc Modul ca PLC S7_300: Thng thng tng tnh mm do trong ng dng thc t m phn ln cc i tng iu khin c s tn hiu u vo u ra cng nh chng loi tn hiu vo ra khc nhau m cc b iu khin PLC c thit k khng b cng ho v cu hnh. Chng c chia nh thnh cc Modul s cc Modul c s dng nhiu hay t tu theo tng bi ton, song ti thiu bao gi cng c Modul chnh l Modul CPU. Cc Modul cn li l nhng Modul nhnTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T66

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


truyn tn hiu vi i tng iu khin, cc Modul chc nng chuyn dng nh PID, iu khin ng c... Chng c gi chung la l Modul m rng. Tt c cc Modul c gn trn nhng thanh ray (Rack). 4.1.2.1. Modul CPU: Modul CPU l loi Modul cha vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh, cc b thi gian, b m,cng truyn thng ( RS485 ). V c th cn c mt vi cng vo ra s. Cc cng vo ra s trn CPU c gi l cng vo ra Onboard. Trong h PLC S7_300 c nhiu loi CPU khc nhau : CPU 312, CPU 314, CPU 315. Nhng Modul cng s dng mt loi b vi x l, nhng khc nhau v cng vo ra onboard cng nh cc khi hm c bit tch hp sn trong th vin ca h iu hnh phc v vic s dng cc cng vo ra onboard ny s c phn bit vi nhau trong tn gi bng tn cm ch ci IFM ( vit tt ca Intergrated Function Modul ). V d Modul CPU 312 IFM. Ngoai ra, cn c cc loi modul hai cng truyn thng, trong cng truyn thng th 2 c chc nng chnh l phc v vic ni mng phn tn. Cc loi modul CPU c phn bit vi nhng loi CPU khc bng thm cm t DP ( Distrubited Port ) trong tn gi. V d modul CPU 315-DP. 4.1.2.2. Cc Modul m rng: Cc Modul m rng c chia thnh 5 loi chnh: a. PS( Power Supply ): Modul ngun nui b. SM ( Signal Modul ): Modul tn hiu vo ra bao gm: DI ( Digital Input )Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T67

IFM, Modul 314

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


DO ( Digital Output ) DI/DO ( Digital In/Output ) AI ( Analog Input ) AO ( Analog Output ) AI/AO ( Analog In/Output ) c. IM ( Interface Modul ): Modul ghp ni. y l loi Modul chuyn dng c nhim v ni tng nhm cc Modul m rng li vi nhau thnh tng mt khi v c qun l chung bi mt modul CPU. Thng thng, cc Modul m rng c g lin vi nhau trn mt thanh gi l Rack. Trn mi mt Rack ch c th g c nhiu nht 8 modul m rng (khng k modul CPU, modul ngun nui). Mt modul CPU c th lm vic trc tip vi nhiu nht 4 Rack v cc Rack ny phi c ni vi nhau bng Modul IM. IM360: Truyn. IM361: Nhn. FM ( Function Module): Cc Modul iu khin ring, nh iu khin Servo, iu khin PID CP( Communication Module):Module truyn thng CPU 315-2DP: 4.1.2.3. S dung loi CPU:


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


- B nh 128KB RAM - S dng th nh MMC - Cng giao tip : MPI / profibus DP 4.1.2.4. Cc loi Function Module : FM 300: Controller Module: FM 355C PID Module: Module iu khin PID, 4 knh iu khin PID, 4AI + 8DI + 4AO. FM 355S PID Module: Module iu khin PID, 4 knh iu khin PID, 4AI + 8DI +8DO. FM 355 Temperature Controller: Module iu khin nhit 4 knh, 4AI + 8DI + 4AO FM 355 Temperature Controller: Module iu khin nhit 4 knh 4AI + 8DI + 8DO M7 Application Module: 4MB, RS232, 64KB Sram. CAM Controller : FM352 CAM Module : 1 knh iu khin. CNC Controller : NCU 570 FM-NC : iu khin CNC. Counter Module : 4DO.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T69

FM350-1 Counter Module : Module m tc cao 1 knh. FM350-2 : Module m tc cao 8 knh. Possition Module : Module iu khin v tr. FM351 FIXED SPEED POS : Module iu khin v tr FM353 Fstepper Motor : Module iu khin ng c bc 4DI +

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


FM354 F Servo Motor : Module iu khin ng c Servo 4DI + 4DO. Modul Ngun : C 3 loi Modul ngun 10A, 5A, 2A PS 307.

Modul Rack : Chn Rack (Rail) nh dng cho cu hnh phn cng. Modul SM300 : Bao gm cc loi Modul :

Hnh 4-2. Modul DI (Modul c tn hiu s)

Hnh 4-3. Modul DO (Modul xut tn hiu s)


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hnh 4-4. Modul DI/DO (Modul va c, va xut tn hiu s) Do yu cu cng ngh cua h thng dung nhiu u vao, ra va cn thu thp d liu t hin trng ln may tinh cung nh vn truyn thng nn nhom em chon PLC S7 300 CPU 314, v cc 5 module I/O m rng. Bao gm: 32 u ra s (Digital Output) 16 u vo s (Digital Input) 2 u vo analog (Analog Input) 2 u ra analog (Analog Output) 4.2. Thit b o 4.2.1. Thit b o mc


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hnh 4-5. Cm bin mc Trong h thng nay s dung thit b o mc o lng nc thi cha trong cac b: B thu gom, b iu ha v b nn bn. S dung nguyn ly o da trn s chnh lch ap sut gia u vao va u ra, co s dung mt mach cu in tr, t o tinh c ra mc cua nhin liu co trong b. Do iu kin lam vic cua h thng la lin tuc nn ta s dung cam bin o mc lin tuc vi bin u vao la ap sut trong dai t 0 400 bar va u ra t 4 20 mA. Cam bin o mc ca h thng c la chn phai co chinh xac cao, sai s cua phep o khoang 0,25% / 10K cho toan gia tri cua thang o. i vi bao v thi oi hoi IP phai cao v trong trng hp nay thi bao v thich hp i vi cam bin o mc la IP65. Trn c s o, tra theo th t cac yu cu ky thut cua thit b cua bang di y cua hang Simens c ta co c loai thit b o mc co ma san xut dung cho h thng x l nc thi nh my Bia Si Gn Ph Th o la: 7MF1560 3BA00H1Y.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T72

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


4.2.2. Thit b o lu lng

Hnh 4-6. Cm bin lu lng Thit b o lu lng c s dung trong h thng nay o lu lng nc c bm t b iu ha vo b ym kh. y la cac nhin liu dang cht long sn st do vy loai cam bin c s dung la loai cam bin in t. Nu co mt cht long dn in chay qua gia hai in cc cua mt nam chm va o sut in ng sinh ra trong cht long, thi co th xac inh c tc dong chay hay lu lng th tich. Nh a phn tich phn cam bin o mc, thit b o lu lng cung phai c lam bng vt liu chng n mon trong mi trng hoa cht, co bao v IP cao, co ng kinh danh nghia phu hp vi ng ng, lu tc cua cht chay qua va lam vic lin tuc, u ra la tin hiu dong in trong khoang t 4 20 mA. Thit b c la chn phai co ap sut danh nghia PN = 10 va c thit k co th lam vic c trong t trng u va t trng nen, co ng kinh danh nghia la DN = 40 va DN = 65 cho tc dong chay la v =


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


3m/s, lu lng at 1m3/h i vi DN = 40 con i vi DN = 65 thi q = 3 m3/h. Phai la chn ra c loai vt liu lam in cc cua cam bin c lam t vt liu gi, xet thy i vi h thng nay thi vt liu lam in cc tt nht o la dung vt liu Titanium. Thit b phai co cac vong bao v theo th t cac phu kin cua thit b va bao v IP = 68 ( chiu dai cap la 10m ), u bich kiu1 2//

NPT.

T nhng yu cu ky thut o, theo bang tra cac thng s ta la chn ra c loai thit b o lu lng la san phm cua hang Simens c : 7ME5711 2EC32 2BD0J1Y va 7ME5711 2GC32 2BD0J1Y. i vi loai thit b o lu lng thi ngoai la chn cam bin o ra ta con phai la chn thit b chuyn i ( Transmitters ) cho cam bin. Transmitter c gn trn cam bin, co nhim vu nhn tin hiu o c cam bin in t, xac minh no, x ly, thit lp ra tng s va hin thi nn thanh cac ngn ng, vi du nh th tich nhin liu ma cam bin o c. B Transmitter c la chn trong cac iu kin cua cam bin. Loai Transmitter c la chn y la loai Transmitter Intermag dung cho trng u, ngun cung cp la ngun xoay chiu t 85 264 V, tn s la 50/60 Hz, tin hiu ra tng t t 4 20 mA, theo giao thc HART, co kem theo ch iu khin va hin thi, u ni bich kiu 2x1/2 14NPT va c thit k cho trng nen. Tra theo bang th t cac d liu cua hang Simens c ta tim ra c loai Transmitter co ma s la: 7ME5030 1AB20 2AA0.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


4.2.3 Thit b o pH. Khi nc thi t b thu gom c a sang b iu ha th nng khng n nh. xac inh nc thi trung tinh, axit hay kim vi tri s pH mt mc nao la rt quan trong . Khi bit c pH ca nc thi bm ha cht s bm ha cht ph hp cn bng nng ca nc thi. y l khu u nhng rt quan trng v n s cho kt qu x l nc thi ca h thng cc khu tip theo. V vy u o pH i hi chnh xc rt cao. Yu cu b iu ha pH = 7 khi th s c tn hiu cam bin a v PLC la tin hiu logic, cam bin nay cho phep ngi s dung t mt ngng o (cu th cho dy chuyn nay la pH = 7). Nu kim cua B iu ha bng gia tri t tin hiu vao se la logic 1, nu be hoc ln hn th l logic 0.

Hinh 4-7. Cm bin o pH Nguyn ly hoat ng: Tri s pH cua mt cht long la n vi o lng cho tinh cht hoa hoc cua no phan ng axit, trung tinh hay kim. Mi loai axit u cha ion H+ va


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


mi loai kim u cha ion OH- . Nng cua cac ion nay xac inh hoat tinh cua kim hay axit. Trong mi dung dich co mt phn cac phn t trung hoa phn ly thanh ion dng hay ion m. Ty l s phn t phn ly va toan th phn t c goi la phn giai. Vi cac ion chuyn tai in tich, cang nhiu phn t c phn ly dung dich dn in cang tt. Trang thai cn bng, ta co:[ H + ].[OH ] K= [ H 2 O]

Trong :

[ H2O ]: Nng cua nc tinh theo Mol/l [ H+ ]: Nng cua ion H+ tinh theo g-ion/l [OH- ]: Nng cua ion OH- tinh theo g-ion/l K: hng s phn ly cua nc.

Co nhiu phng phap o kim, o bng phng phap in t la mt phng phap thng dung hin nay. o tri s pH bng phng phap in t ta cn hai in cc: mt in cc goi la in cc o va mt in cc chun.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Khi hai in cc o v in cc chun cng c nhng vo mt dung dch, mt hiu s in th gia hai in cc o c theo: V = Vo - Vchun = V0 - 2,203. V = V0 VN( T ). pHR.T .( pHb pHc ) F

vi VN = 2,203.

R.T F

Nh vy, in th o c co s lin h tuyn tinh vi tri s pH. Bit c in th gia hai cc, ta se bit c pH cua dung dich cn o. Cac cam bin o pH u da vao nguyn ly c ban trn. Cac loai in cc o thng dung hin nay la cac in cc thuy tinh, antimon, Wismut. Cac in cc chun co th la in cc chun Calomel o c pH t mt in ap ta cn cung mt luc in cc o va in cc chun. Trc y, hai in cc nay c cu tao c lp, ngay nay hai in cc nay c thit k chung vi nhau trong mt cu truc goi la in cc tng hp. 4.3. Kh c in 4.3.1. Cu ch L kh c in c thi gian tc ng nhanh, dng bo v mch in xy ra s c qu ti hoc ngn mch. Thi gian ct mach cua cu chi phu thuc nhiu vao vt liu lam dy chay. Dy chy cu ch c lm t dy kim loi c nhit nng chy thp, cu ch thng c t trong cc ng bng s hay thy tinh


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Yu cu khi chn cu ch: cu chi bao v c i tng cn bao v vi mt dong in nao o trong mach, dy chay phai t trc khi i tng bi pha huy. Tri s dong in ma dy chay bi t c goi la dong in gii han. Ro rang cn co Igh > Im dy chay khng bi t khi lam vic vi dong in inh mc. Thng thng, i vi dy chay lam bng chi thi : Dy chay hp kim chi thic: Dy chay lam bng ng thi:I gh I m I gh I m I gh I m

= 1,25 1,45

= 1,15 = 1,6 2

Ky hiu cua cu chi:

hoc

Bang tom tt cng thc chon va kim tra cu chi: ai lng chon va kim tra in ap inh mc, Kv Dong in inh mc, A Cng sut ct inh mc, MVA Dong in ct inh mc, A Cng thc tinh toan Um.cc Um.m Im.cc Ilvmax Sm.cc S Im.ct I

Dong in inh mc cu chi dung bao v ng c in c chon xut phat t hai iu kin sau y:


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Theo iu kin lam vic binh thng: Im.cc Ilv.c Vi Ilv.c = . 3.U . cos - dong in lam vic cua ng c m Ilv.c: l dong in lam vic cua ng c b: la h s mang tai cua ng c, h s nay la ty s gia cng sut c tiu thu vi cng sut c inh mc cua no. Pm.c : la cng sut inh mc cua ng c. : la hiu sut cua ng c ng vi cng sut tiu thu cua no.b.Pm.c

Trong o:

Ta co : Vy chon cu chi co: Khi m may nhe:

Ilv.c =

1.299,7.1000 = 569.2 ( A ) 1. 3.380.0,8

Idc = 1500(A)

Theo iu kin m may:I mm 2,5

Im.cc Khi m may nng: Im.cc Trong o:I mm 1,6 2,0

Imm la dong in m may cc ai cua ng c. Kmm la h s m may cua ng c, thng ly Kmm = 5,6,7

Do ng c la may bm nn ng c m may nhe, ta co: Im.cc 4.3.2. Cng tcTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T795.569,2 = 1138,4 ( A ) 2,5

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Cng tc la kh cu in dng ong ct trc tip mach chiu sang hay mach ng lc cng sut nho, co loai chi dung trong mach iu khin. Hinh dang, cu tao cua cng tc rt a dang song v nguyn ly u co cac tip im tinh va ng ma vi tri nay cua cng tc thi tip im ng tip xuc vi tip im tinh, con vi tri khac thi tip im ng ri khoi tip im tinh. Do vy, dong in c ni thng hay bi ct la tuy theo vi tri cua cng tc. S cac tip im cua cac loai cng tc cung it nhiu khac nhau tuy theo muc ich s dung. Vic ong, ct cac tip im cung co th theo cac nguyn tc c khi khac nhau: co loai ly, loai xoay dp tt h quang nhanh chong khi thao tac, cac cng tc u co kt cu lo xo xon hoc lo xo la nhm h tr giam thi gian ong ct cac tip im. Cng tc hanh trinh c lp t tao mt vi tri trn hanh trinh nao o trong mt h thng T ( truyn ng in ) ong ct mach iu khin. No c dung iu khin T theo vi tri hoc bao v, am bao an toan cho mt chuyn ng cui hanh trinh. Cng tc hanh trinh kiu gat co can gat vi banh xe u cn. Khi bi gat, cn gat se lt sang bn trai hoc sang bn phai va t o ong hoc ct tip im bn trong cng tc. Mt s cng tc thng gp:


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Cng tc hanh trinh kiu ty se chuyn ooir trang thai tip im khi num cng tc bi ty vao. Ky hiu tip im cng tc trn s in nh hinh ve trn. Cc thng s ca cng tc: Um: in p nh mc ca cng tc. Im: dng in nh mc ca cng tc. Tr s in p nh mc ca cng tc thng c gi tr: 500V. Tr s dng in nh mc ca cng tc thng c gi tr: 6A. Ngoi ra, cn c cc thng s trong vic th cng tc nh bn c kh, cch in, phng in Co loai cng tc phai dung chia khoa ong ct mach. Loai nay thng c dung cac t in. 4.3.3. Nut n 4.3.3.1. Khi nim chung Nt nhn cn gi l nt iu khin l mt loi kh c in dng ng ngt t xa cc thit b in t khc nhau; cc dng c bo hiu v cng chuyn i cc mch in iu khin, tn hiu lin ng bo v mch in mt chiu in p n 440V v mch in xoay chiu in p 500V, tn s 50Hz 60Hz, nt nhn thng dng khi ng, o chiu quay ng c in bng cch ng v ngt cc cun dy ca constactor ni cho ng c. Nt nhn thng c t trn bng iu khin, t in, trn hp nt nhn. Nt nhn thng c nghin cu, ch to lm vic trong mi trng khng m t, khng c hi ha cht v bi bn. Nt nhn c th bn ti 1.000.000 ln ng khng ti v 200.000 ln ng ngt c ti. Khi thao tc nhn nt cn phi dt khot m hoc ng mch in.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T81

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


4.3.3.2. Cu to Nt nhn gm h thng l xo, h thng cc tip im thng h thng ng v v bo v. Khi tc ng vo nt nhn, cc tip im chuyn trng thi; khi khng cn tc ng, cc tip im tr v trng thi ban u. 4.3.3.3. Phn loi Nt nhn c phn loi theo cc yu t sau: Phn loi theo chc nng trng thi hot ng ca nt nhn, c cc loi: - Nt nhn n: Mi nt nhn ch c mt trng thi ( ON hoc OFF ). - Trong thc t, d dng s dng vo tho rp lp ln trong qu trnh sa cha, thng ngi ta dng nt nhn kp, ta c th dng n nh l dng nt nhn ON hay OFF. Phn loi theo hnh dng bn ngoi, ngi ta chia nt nhn ra thnh 4 loi: - Loi h. - Loi bo v. - Loi bo v chng nc v chng bi. Nt n kiu bo v chng nc c t trong mt hp kn kht trnh nc lt vo. Nt n kiu bo v chng bi nc c t trong mt v cacbon t kn kht chng m v bi lt vo. - Loi bo v khi n. Nt n kiu chng n dng trong cc hm l, m than hoc ni c cc kh n ln trong khng kh. Cu to ca n c bit kn kht khng lt c tia la ra ngoi v c bit vng chc khng b ph v khi n.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T82

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Theo yu cu iu khin ngi ta chia nt n ra 3 loi: mt nt, hai nt, ba nt. Theo kt cu bn trong: Nt n loi c n bo. Nt n loi khng c n bo.

Hinh 4-8. Ki hiu nut n thng m (a) va thng ong (b) trn ban ve. Cu tao cua mt nut n kt hp (c). Trn hinh, trang thai binh thng mach khng thng. Khi n nut, mach thng. Khi bo tay khoi nut, lo xo y nut ln ct mach. o la nut n thng m. Nut n thng ong chi ct mach khi bi n vao. Nut n kt hp ca thng m ln thng ong (c). Trong mt s loai nut n thng ong dung trong mach bao v hoc mach dng con co cht khoa. Khi bi n, nut t gi trang thai bi n. Mun xoa trang thai nay, thi phai xoay nut i mt goc nao o. Cc thng s k thut ca nt nhn: Um: in p nh mc ca nt nhn.Trng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T83

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Im: dng in nh mc ca nt nhn. 4.3.4. R le trung gian Rle trung gian c dng rt nhiu trong cc h thng bo v in, trong cc h thng iu khin t ng. Do c s lng tip im ln 4-6 tip im, va thng ng va thng m. Rle trung gian c s dng khi kh nng ng ngt ca tip im ca Rle chnh khng , hoc chia tn hiu t Rle chnh n nhiu b phn khc nhau ca s mch in iu khin. Trong cc bng mch iu khin dng linh kin in t , Rle trung gian thng c dng lm phn t u ra truyn tn hiu cho cc b phn mch pha sau, ng thi cch ly in p khc nhau gia phn iu khin thng l in p thp 1 chiu (5V, 10V, 12V, 24V) vi phn chp hnh thng l in p ln xoay chiu (220V, 380V).Gm 4 tip im 2 thng ng 2 thng mC n bo

Hnh 4-9. R le trung gian Nhng yu cu khi chn Rle trung gian: Cng sut tiu th nh. Kt cu s dng n gin. Cng sut ngt ca h thng tip im l ln. bn c, bn in ca cp tip im.

Rle trung gian kiu chn cm.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


-

S lng cp tip im ph hp vi nhu cu s dng. 4.4. Thit b khc 4.4.1. Cu u dy Cu u dy s dng ch yu trong lp t in trong cng nghip. Cu u dy c s dng lp cc u dy c lp sn ti phn xng lp. Cn u dy bn kia c lp t khi cc thit b c b tr c nh ti ni lm vic ca n. Hoc trong qu trnh lp t cc t in chng ta thng hon thnh tng mng mt v vic lin kt gia cc mng vi nhau th cu u l ni chung gian gia hai mng. 4.4.2. Nhn (label) Nhn s dng nh du cc u dy cc thit b. Trong qu trnh lp t vic s dng nhn lm cho cng vic tr nn n gin hn v khi cc u dy u c nh du chnh vic ni nhm dy. Nhng i hi phi c nguyn tc nh nhn hp l.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


CHNG V. THIT K H GIM ST CHO H THNG X L NC THI NH MY BIA SI GN- PH TH.5.1. Gii thiu chung v h iu khin gim st. Ngy nay cng ngh t ng ho c ng dng rng ri trong h thng sn xut cng nghip. iu khin v gim st mt h thng c th thc hin c ti mt trung tm, ti y ngi vn hnh c h tr bi nhng cng c n gin, d s dng l phn mm lp trnh v gim st bng giao din ha trn PC, mn hnh gim st HMI. Phn mm lp trnh iu khin ca SIEMENS, MITSUBISHI, IDEC Phn mm gim st nh Intellution, WinCC (SIEMENS), RSView (Allen Bradley), Intouch (Wonderware), Think & Do (Think & Do Software). Mt h thng iu khin v gim st ngi ta gi chung l h SCADA. SCADA System (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System H thng thu tp d liu, iu khin v gim st) s dng phn mm gim st ci t trn my tnh dng gim st iu khin cc qu trnh c s u vo ra ln trong cc nh my in, cng nghip du kh, ha cht, x l nc thi, thpCc qu trnh c iu khin phn b s dng PLC v thit b o lng iu khin ghp theo mng. Hiu theo ngha rng, h thng SCADA bao gm phn mm gim st, iu khin v ton b thit b phn cng, phn mm m bo hot ng ca qu trnh di qua ng cp quang, cp ng trc hay cp i theo mng Ethernet.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L



GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Hnh 5.1:Cu trc h SCADA SYSTEM hin i 5.1.1. Chc nng v nhim v ca cp thit b. Chp hnh tn hiu iu khin thi gian thc ( Realtime ) t cp trn. Tr li thng s vn hnh thi gian thc ( Realtime ) cho cp trn. 5.1.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca cp iu khin cc b. Thu thp d liu thi gian thc t cp thit b. Tnh ton v a ra tn hiu iu khin theo thut ton ci t trc. Bo hiu v vic vt qu ngng cho php ca cc thng s t qu trnh.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Kim sot nhng hnh ng li ca Operator v thit b iu khin. 5.1.3. Chc nng v nhim v ca cp iu khin gim st Thu thp thng tin t cp di, x l, lu tr v hin th. a ra tn hiu iu khin trn c s phn tch thng tin. Chuyn thng tin v vic sn xut cc xng, x nghip cho cp cao hn. Tnh ton nhng thng s th cp, cc ch s v cht lng sn phm, ch s kinh t k thut. Thay i li thng s cu hnh ca cp iu khin cc b. Lu tr thng tin. a ra cc bo co. Chun on v s h hng ca cc phn t trong h thng. 5.1.4. Chc nng v nhim v ca cp qun l. Ti u cc ch s kinh t - k thut. iu khin theo cc ch s kinh t k thut. Qun l ti nguyn cng ty. Lu tr thng tin. a ra k hoch sn xut. 5.2.La chn phn mm gim st cho h thng. 5.2.1.Gii thiu chung. Thng thng mt h thng SCADA yu cu mt phn mm chuyn dng xy dng giao din gim st cng nh phc v vic x l v lu trTrng i Hc GTVT Khoa in in T89

GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


d liu. Trong h thng x l nc thi s dng phn mm gim st WinCC v phn mm WinCC ca SIEMENS l mt phn mm chuyn dng thch hp cho mi h thng, lp trnh n gin. WinCC cung cp cc cng c phn mm thit lp mt giao din gim st chy trn cc h iu hnh ca Microsoft nh Windows NT hay Windows 2000, XP, Vista 32bit (Not SP1). Trong dng cc sn phm thit k giao din phc v cho vn hnh v gim st, WinCC l phn mm cao cp trong h SCADA vi nhng chc nng hu hiu cho vic gim st. WinCC kt hp cc b quyt ca Siemens v Microsoft l hai cng ty hng u trong lnh vc t ng ha qu trnh v pht trn phn mm tin hc cho PC. Ngoi kh nng thch ng cho vic xy dng cc h thng c qui m ln nh khc nhau, WinCC cn c th d dng tch hp vi nhng ng dng c qui m ton cng ty nh vic tch hp vi nhng h thng cp cao nh MES (Manufacturing Excution System - H thng qun l vic thc hin sn sut) v ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). WinCC cng c th s dng trn c s quy m ton cu nh h thng tr gip ca Siemens c mt khp ni trn th gii. u im ca phn mm WinCC: S dng cng ngh phn mm tin tin. WinCC s dng cng ngh phn mm mi nht. Nh s cng tc cht ch gia Siemens v Microsoff, ngi dng c th yn tm vi s pht trin ca cng ngh phn mm ca Microsoff. H thng ch/khch vi chc nng SCADA. Ngay t h thng WinCC c s c th cung cp tt c cc chc nng ngi dng c th khi ng cc yu cu hin th phc tp. Vic gi nhng


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


hnh nh( picture) cc cnh bo( alarm), th trng thi( trend), cc bo co( report) c th d dng c thit lp. C th nng cp m rng d dng t n gin n phc tp. WinCC l mt m un trong h thng t ng ho, v th c th s dng n m rng h thng mt cch linh hot t n gin n phc tp t h thng vi mt my tnh gim st ti h thng nhiu my tnh gim st, hay h thng c cu trc phn tn vi nhiu my tnh ch (server). C th pht trin tu theo tng lnh vc cng nghip hoc yu cu cng ngh. Mt lot cc m un phn mm m rng nh hng cho tng loi ng dng c pht trin sn ngi dng la chn khi cn. C s d liu ODBC/SQL c tch hp sn. C s d liu Sysbase SQL c tch hp sn trong WinCC. Tt c cc d liu cu hnh h thng v cc d liu ca qu trnh iu khin c lu tr trong c s d liu ny. Ngi dng c th d dng truy cp ti c s d liu ca WinCC bng SQL (Structured Query Language) hoc ODBC (Open Database Connectivity). S truy cp ny cho php WinCC chia s d liu vi cc ng dng v c s d liu khc chy trn nn Windows. Cc giao thc chun mnh (DDE, OLE, ACTIVEX, OPC).

Cc giao din chun nh DDE v OLE dng cho vic chuyn d liu t cc chng trnh chy trn nn Windows cng l nhng tnh nng ca WinCC. Cc tnh nng nh ActiveX control v OPC server v lient cng c tch hp sn.


GVHD: ThS.PHM TH L


Ngn ng vn nng. WinCC c pht trin dng ngn ng lp chnh chun ANSI- C. Gia din lp trnh API m cho vic truy cp ti cc hm ca WinCC v d liu. Tt c cc m un c

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