China, The Indus Valley, China, The Indus Valley, and the Indo-Europeansand the Indo-Europeans

Chapter 2, 3, and 4Chapter 2, 3, and 4

IV. IV. ChinaA. Geography

1.1. Surrounded by mountains, deserts and Surrounded by mountains, deserts and plateausplateaus

2.2. Contains 2 major riversContains 2 major riversA.A. Yellow RiverYellow River

Got its name from the yellow silt left on Got its name from the yellow silt left on the banks of the river after a floodthe banks of the river after a flood

B.B. Yangtze RiverYangtze River Found in central ChinaFound in central China

C.C. The best farmland lies between these two The best farmland lies between these two rivers – land called the “Chinese Heart rivers – land called the “Chinese Heart Land”~Land”~

IV. ChinaIV. ChinaD.D. DisadvantagesDisadvantages

1.1. Flooding is unpredictableFlooding is unpredictable

2.2. Rivers change courseRivers change course

3.3. Natural boarders do not offer 100% protectionNatural boarders do not offer 100% protection

4.4. Natural boundries make outside trade difficultNatural boundries make outside trade difficult

E.E. AdvantagesAdvantages

1.1. Great farmlandGreat farmland

2.2. Ample natural resourcesAmple natural resources

3.3. People could be self-sufficient and were able People could be self-sufficient and were able to live in isolation~to live in isolation~

IV. ChinaIV. ChinaB.B. Chinese DynastiesChinese Dynasties

Civilization will rise later than in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Civilization will rise later than in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus ValleyIndus Valley

The earliest civilization will emerge about 2000 BCThe earliest civilization will emerge about 2000 BC

1.1. Xia Xia

a.a. First Chinese ruling family in a civilized ChinaFirst Chinese ruling family in a civilized China

b.b. Established about 2000 BCEstablished about 2000 BC

c.c. Started by a man named YuStarted by a man named Yu

1.1. Engineer and a mathematicianEngineer and a mathematician

2.2. Gained power because he developed irrigation Gained power because he developed irrigation systems and flood control measuressystems and flood control measures

3.3. Farming settlements established because of his Farming settlements established because of his improvementsimprovements

4.4. His improvements led to food surpluses – population His improvements led to food surpluses – population growth~growth~

IV. ChinaIV. China2. Shang 1532 to 1027 BC2. Shang 1532 to 1027 BC

next dynastynext dynasty first to leave written recordsfirst to leave written records built elaborate palaces and tombsbuilt elaborate palaces and tombs Anyang Anyang

Most important city also the capitolMost important city also the capitol Made almost completely of woodMade almost completely of wood Stood in a forest clearingStood in a forest clearing Higher classes lived in timber framed, brick houses Higher classes lived in timber framed, brick houses

within city wallswithin city walls Peasants lived in hovels outside the city~Peasants lived in hovels outside the city~

IV. ChinaIV. China CultureCulture

Social ClassesSocial Classes Chinese sharply divided by classChinese sharply divided by class ClassesClasses

Ruling / Nobel ClassRuling / Nobel Class made up of warriorsmade up of warriors headed by the kingheaded by the king NOBELSNOBELS

Owned all landOwned all land

Governed the villages and citiesGoverned the villages and cities

Paid tribute (goods, crops, wealth) to king to Paid tribute (goods, crops, wealth) to king to maintain power~maintain power~

IV. ChinaIV. China

Artisans (developed during Zhou Dynasty)Artisans (developed during Zhou Dynasty) made up of skilled workersmade up of skilled workers manufactured jewelry, weapons, religious manufactured jewelry, weapons, religious

items, ect.items, ect. worked for noblesworked for nobles not quite peasantsnot quite peasants had some wealth, but no powerhad some wealth, but no power

PeasantsPeasants toiled the landtoiled the land owned nothing~owned nothing~

IV. ChinaIV. China FamilyFamily

central to Chinese societycentral to Chinese society based on children respecting parents and eldersbased on children respecting parents and elders patriarchal basedpatriarchal based Father controlled all decisionsFather controlled all decisions WomenWomen

At 13-16 would enter in to an arranged marriageAt 13-16 would enter in to an arranged marriage Moved in with husbandMoved in with husband Had to obey fathers, husbands, and eventually Had to obey fathers, husbands, and eventually

sonssons To solidify marriage had to bare childrenTo solidify marriage had to bare children Person’s first priority to family, than to the king~ Person’s first priority to family, than to the king~

IV. ChinaIV. China ReligionReligion

closely linked to familyclosely linked to family spirits of ancestors brought good or bad fortune to spirits of ancestors brought good or bad fortune to

a familya family spirits not gods, only troublesome or helpful spirits not gods, only troublesome or helpful

entitiesentities families made sacrifices to ancestors to honor families made sacrifices to ancestors to honor

themthem had gods (polytheistic)had gods (polytheistic)

Shang Di supreme godShang Di supreme god Priests talked to gods through oracle bonesPriests talked to gods through oracle bones Questions etched on turtle shells or animal bonesQuestions etched on turtle shells or animal bones Priest would then crack the bone with a hot pokerPriest would then crack the bone with a hot poker To answer the question, the cracks were interpreted ~To answer the question, the cracks were interpreted ~

IV. ChinaIV. China WritingWriting

earliest evidence comes from oracle bonesearliest evidence comes from oracle bones Chinese characters stand for ideas not soundsChinese characters stand for ideas not sounds No link between spoken language and written languageNo link between spoken language and written language Chinese written language uniform all over ChinaChinese written language uniform all over China ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE

Provided unityProvided unity Could speak one version of Chinese, but write in Could speak one version of Chinese, but write in

common languagecommon language DISADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE

too many symbols to memorizetoo many symbols to memorize Needed to know 1,000 characters to be literateNeeded to know 1,000 characters to be literate Needed to know 10,000 characters to be a scholar~Needed to know 10,000 characters to be a scholar~

IV. ChinaIV. China3.3. Zhou Dynasty 1027 – 256 BCZhou Dynasty 1027 – 256 BC

a.a. Overthrew the Shang by military forceOverthrew the Shang by military force

b.b. Established power through the Mandate of Established power through the Mandate of HeavenHeaveni.i. They believed the Shang were corruptThey believed the Shang were corrupt

ii.ii. The Shang fell out of favor with the godsThe Shang fell out of favor with the gods

iii.iii. The gods (or Heaven) allowed the Zhou to overthrow The gods (or Heaven) allowed the Zhou to overthrow the Shangthe Shang

c.c. Adopted most of Shang CultureAdopted most of Shang Culture

d.d. FeudalismFeudalisma.a. Zhou will establish by putting government in control of Zhou will establish by putting government in control of

all landall land

b.b. The land was given to family members and close The land was given to family members and close friends (of the king) to manage~friends (of the king) to manage~

IV. ChinaIV. China

2. 2. Economic ImprovementsEconomic Improvements roads, and canals build that helped trade roads, and canals build that helped trade

and stimulated the economyand stimulated the economy created a new class of civil servants to help created a new class of civil servants to help

run the cities daily activitiesrun the cities daily activities started using iron to make weapons and started using iron to make weapons and

toolstools Farming became easier and more Farming became easier and more

successfulsuccessful able to protect cities better~able to protect cities better~

IV. ChinaIV. China Warring EraWarring Era

first 300 years of Zhou Dynasty very peacefulfirst 300 years of Zhou Dynasty very peaceful 771 BC nomads from the north sacked Hao 771 BC nomads from the north sacked Hao

(capitol city)(capitol city) king killedking killed some royals escapedsome royals escaped royal family lost all powerroyal family lost all power next 500 years pretended to rulenext 500 years pretended to rule lords saw an opportunity to gain more power and wealthlords saw an opportunity to gain more power and wealth

cities started waging war on each othercities started waging war on each other traditional values fell into declinetraditional values fell into decline China in a state of chaos~China in a state of chaos~

IV. ChinaIV. China Qin Dynasty 256-202 BCQin Dynasty 256-202 BC

Short lived dynasty, but very powerfulShort lived dynasty, but very powerful Employed Legalist ideas to unify and control ChinaEmployed Legalist ideas to unify and control China In 221 BC leader took the name Shi Huangdi = “First In 221 BC leader took the name Shi Huangdi = “First

Emperor” started Chinese kings being known as Emperor” started Chinese kings being known as emperorsemperors

Shi HuangdiShi Huangdi Conquered a lot of territory and doubled the size of Conquered a lot of territory and doubled the size of

ChinaChina Solidified his powerSolidified his power destroyed the power of the rival noblesdestroyed the power of the rival nobles required nobles to live in his capitolrequired nobles to live in his capitol created 38 administrative districts – sent his officials created 38 administrative districts – sent his officials

to administerto administer took away the nobles land holdings~took away the nobles land holdings~

IV. ChinaIV. China murdered hundreds of Confucian scholarsmurdered hundreds of Confucian scholars censored all printed materialscensored all printed materials created an autocracy – government where created an autocracy – government where

one leader is all powerful and uses the power one leader is all powerful and uses the power in an arbitrary manorin an arbitrary manor

Centralized the GovernmentCentralized the Government built a network of highways over 4,000 milesbuilt a network of highways over 4,000 miles forced peasant to labor for the governmentforced peasant to labor for the government set standards for Chinese writing, law, set standards for Chinese writing, law,

currency, weights and measurescurrency, weights and measures established irrigation projects to help water established irrigation projects to help water

crops~crops~

IV. ChinaIV. China

The Great WallThe Great Wall started building small walls in mountains on started building small walls in mountains on

the northern boarder of China to protect the northern boarder of China to protect country from invading nomads from the country from invading nomads from the northnorth

forced peasants to build walls – did not pay forced peasants to build walls – did not pay themthem

major goal was to connect the walls, did not major goal was to connect the walls, did not happen till later onhappen till later on

IV. ChinaIV. China

ResultsResults trade boomedtrade boomed new social class emerged – Middle new social class emerged – Middle

ClassClass farm production increasedfarm production increased population increasedpopulation increased Qin Dynasty hated, because the were Qin Dynasty hated, because the were

so controlling~ so controlling~

IV. ChinaIV. China

Fall of QinFall of Qin Shi Huangdi’s son took control when his Shi Huangdi’s son took control when his

father diedfather died also a cruel leader – equally hated by the also a cruel leader – equally hated by the

peoplepeople the peasants rebelledthe peasants rebelled a group called the Han provided leadership to a group called the Han provided leadership to

the rebellion the rebellion in 202 the Qin Dynasty fall – Han Dynasty in 202 the Qin Dynasty fall – Han Dynasty

took overtook over Han Dynasty~~

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

22—Indus Valley Notes—12/4/1322—Indus Valley Notes—12/4/13

Next--Get out a new sheet of notebook Next--Get out a new sheet of notebook paper. At the top write: paper. At the top write:

Indus Valley Notes, 12/4/13. Indus Valley Notes, 12/4/13.

EQ: How did the geography of the Indus EQ: How did the geography of the Indus Valley impact the growth of civilization? Valley impact the growth of civilization?

III. III. The Indus ValleyA. Geography

Surrounded by a wall of mountains -> the Surrounded by a wall of mountains -> the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalaya Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalaya MountainsMountains

Area (India) referred to as a subcontinentArea (India) referred to as a subcontinent Mountains protect a flat, fertile plainMountains protect a flat, fertile plain Fertile plain formed by two rivers _. Indus Fertile plain formed by two rivers _. Indus

and Gangesand Ganges Plain stretches 1,500 milesPlain stretches 1,500 miles Have seasonal winds called monsoonsHave seasonal winds called monsoons

October to May = winter monsoons, dry seasonOctober to May = winter monsoons, dry season June to August = spring monsoons, wet season~June to August = spring monsoons, wet season~

III. The Indus ValleyIII. The Indus Valley

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES Flooding occurs, but unpredictableFlooding occurs, but unpredictable Monsoons can be devastatingMonsoons can be devastating

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES Mountains (highest in the world) provide Mountains (highest in the world) provide

protection from invasionprotection from invasion Indus river flows from Indian Ocean to Arabian Indus river flows from Indian Ocean to Arabian

Sea and provides great trade routes~Sea and provides great trade routes~

III. The Indus ValleyIII. The Indus Valley Emerging CivilizationsEmerging Civilizations Evidence dates earliest human movement to about Evidence dates earliest human movement to about

7000 BC7000 BC Around 3200 BC farming villages developed around Around 3200 BC farming villages developed around

the Indus Riverthe Indus River 2500 BC first cities were emerging2500 BC first cities were emerging

more than 100 settlements uncoveredmore than 100 settlements uncovered largest cities include Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro and largest cities include Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro and

HarappaHarappa had sophisticated planninghad sophisticated planning cities laid out on precise grid systemcities laid out on precise grid system each city had a citadel. Fortified area that contained major each city had a citadel. Fortified area that contained major

buildings of the citybuildings of the city cities had separate residential, business, and cities had separate residential, business, and

governmental areasgovernmental areas buildings well constructed and made of precise sun-dried buildings well constructed and made of precise sun-dried

bricksbricks had sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems~had sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems~

III. The Indus ValleyIII. The Indus Valley Culture and TradeCulture and Trade

Very stable civilizationVery stable civilization Class distinction not strong because of uniform housingClass distinction not strong because of uniform housing Prosperous culture because toys and non essential Prosperous culture because toys and non essential

foundfound Not a warlike society, because very few weapons foundNot a warlike society, because very few weapons found RELIGIONRELIGION

early links to modern Hinduism foundearly links to modern Hinduism found representations of Shiva foundrepresentations of Shiva found not a dominate part of lifenot a dominate part of life

TRADETRADE stamps and seals used to label goodsstamps and seals used to label goods seals found in other cultures, Egypt, Sumer, ect.seals found in other cultures, Egypt, Sumer, ect. trade very important part of lifetrade very important part of life

Mohenjo Daro~~

III. The Indus ValleyIII. The Indus Valley

Mysterious EndingMysterious Ending Around 1750 BC quality of buildings declines and Around 1750 BC quality of buildings declines and

cities fall into ruinscities fall into ruins Scientists believe Indus River changed course Scientists believe Indus River changed course

which led to over use of the land and lack of waterwhich led to over use of the land and lack of water People wore the land outPeople wore the land out Around 1500 BC a sudden catastrophic (natural or Around 1500 BC a sudden catastrophic (natural or

human) took placehuman) took place Completed the fall of the Indus cities success~Completed the fall of the Indus cities success~

ChinaChina

Indus ValleyIndus Valley

BookworkBookworkRead chapter 2, section 3 Read chapter 2, section 3

(pages 44-49) and complete (pages 44-49) and complete questions 1, 3, 4, and 5 (p. questions 1, 3, 4, and 5 (p. 49). 49).

HOMEWORK IF NOT DONE!HOMEWORK IF NOT DONE!