chimpanzees power point
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ChimpanzeesSpeciesPan troglodytes
Scientific name
Sokwe MtuSwahili name
Gary Bisignano
Rebecca Mendez
Jessica Rayhel
Elice Terry
Mia Soueid
Jackie Henriquez
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Sensory systems & Specializations
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Communication
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While humans and primates share 99.9% of their genetic make-up, the one, most
important, difference amongst the two species is the ability to communicate in a
defined language. Even though chimps are not able to speak human language, they
still have found a way to communicate things to one another.
Chimpanzees use verbal communication, such as alarm calls, mating calls, and
greeting vocalizations. So far, researchers have identified more than 30 different
calls, which can sometimes be heard up to 2 miles away.
Methods of Intraspecific
Communication in Chimpanzees
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Vocal calls
When chimps find food, they began to
make different types of grunts, barks
and pant hoots in order to let others
know the location of the food source. A
special intensity of excited calls of this
type indicates that there has been a
successful kill after a hunt.
When a monkey comes upon somethingparticularly unusual or potentially
dangerous, the chimp emits a savage-
sounding, WRAAAAAA to let the
others know of the danger. Each
individual has his or her own distinctivepant-hoot, so that the caller can be
identified with precision
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Postures and Body Gestures
Body contact is very important inmaintaining social harmony in achimpanzee community. Chimpanzeeswill often groom each other for hours.Grooming a way to maintain calmnessand tranquility, while preserving closerelationships.
Male chimpanzees proclaim theirdominance with spectacular chargingdisplays during which they slap theirhands, stamp with their feet, drag branchesas they run, or hurl rocks. In doing so, theymake themselves look as big and
dangerous as they possibly can and indeedmay eventually intimidate a higher-rankingindividual without having to fight.
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When greeting a dominantindividual after an absence or inresponse to an aggressive gesture,nervous subordinates may approachwith submissive signalscrouching, presenting the rump,hold the hand outaccompanied bypant-grunts or squeaks. In response,the dominant individual is likely tomake gestures of reassurance, suchas touching, kissing, or embracingthe subordinate.
If youve ever watched a monkey atthe zoo, when they are afraid,chimpanzees often begin to grin.This grin, however, is not a happygrin but is instead known as theGrin of Fear. The Grin of Fear isoften closely compared to a humansnervous smile when laughing at anawkward joke or feelinguncomfortable in a situation.
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Habitat Selection
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Tree and Ground dwellers
Chimps are usually found in tropical rainforest,
woodlands, swamp and grassland in western Africa.
http://www.africanadventureexpeditions.com/images/Semliki%20NWRChimps.jpg
http://www.pridegorillasafaris.com/chimpsa
fari_clip_image002.jpg
Chimps spend equal time intrees as they do on the
ground. However, sleep and
feeding are mostly done in the
canopy above.
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Jessicas
Videofrom
the
zoo
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Home Buildinghttp://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/4201/Previ
ewComp/SuperStock_4201-76975.jpgChimps will make a fresh sleeping
nest each evening before bed.
Theses nest are made of leaves and
other plant materials. The only time
a sleeping nest is shared is with a
mother and her nursing you.
Comfortable enough for a scientist!
http://i.livescience.com/images/i/19689/iFF/Stewart-chimp-nest.jpg?1315330213
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Home Range
Chimps live in one large areaknown as a home range. Mostranges will overlap with othergroups because the range is so large,
usually thousands of acres. Chimps live in family groups. The
numbers can be anywhere from 40or less to 200 or more.
There is a dominant male that runsthe group and will only put up withyoung males until 6 years of age.
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Migration? Whats that?!
Because Chimps are much like humansthey do not migrate nor do they hibernate.Only by choice or force (habitatdestruction) will the Chimpanzee migrate
to another location. They usually prefer tostay put in a general location.
https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0503/5aea04bdb0744/5aea04ca18d4a.jpg
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Feeding Behavior
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What do Chimpanzees Eat?
Despite popular belief ofChimps being herbivores, itwas discovered in the 60sby Dr. Jane Goodall that
Chimps are actuallyomnivores.
Their diet is 98% plants,fruits, and seeds, and 2%meat and insects.
When chimps eat meat, theeat almost every part of theirprey, including the brain.
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The Hunt
Chimps may use thinsticks to fish termitesout of their mounds.
They also hunt and kill
large animals. Hunting is a group effort.
Some chimps block of allpossible escape routes
while the adolescentchimp captures the prey.
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Intraspecific & Antipredator Defenses
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Intraspecific Defenses
Function of aggression:
Gaining females by expanding territory
Rival extermination
Defending a feeding territory
When groups meet attacks occur only sometimes
Anyone can be attacked but females in heat
Will attack females with infants and cannibalize the infant
Lone individuals are at highest risk of attack
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Antipredator Defenses
DISPLAYING:
Defensive behavior in chimpanzees is
portrayed through energetic displays
Banging on objects, jumping, running and
piloerection (fur on the body sticks outto make the chimp look larger and more
intimidating)
VOCALIZING:
Vocalizing is used to call one
another
Screaming and shrieking is
used to frighten someone or
something in order to defenditself
HITTING:
Chimps use fists to punch their
enemy if the enemy is close enough
BITING:Using sharp canines, they will
successfully bite if threatened
WEAPON USE:Chimps have been observed
defending themselves with weapons:
throwing rocks and nuts, or swinging
large branches to keep the enemies
away
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Social Organization
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Parental Behavior The majority of parental care is the responsibility of the
mother.
From birth up until 1 year of age, infant Chimpanzees are
always with their mothers, and ride on their backs.
At 2 years of age, they begin to travel and sit independently
within 5 meters of their mothers. At 3 years of age, they
start to venture farther than 5 meters of their mothers. Between 4 and 6 years of age, infancy ends with weaning.
From ages 6 to 9, the Chimpanzees remain close to their
mothers but play independently and have greater social
interactions with other community members.
The offspring benefit from a close relationship with their
mothers in terms of food, warmth, protection, and the
opportunity to learn skills that could help them with
survival.
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Mating
For chimpanzees, mating occurs throughout the year.
There are a few types of mating behaviors that they show:
1) Polyandry, where a female mates with multiple males.
2) Restrictive mating, where a male restricts other males frommating with estrous females in the community.
3) Consortship mating, where an adult pair leave the community for
several days to weeks.
4) Extra Group mating, where females leave their communities and
mate with males from nearby communities.
By having multiple mating strategies, females can expand the pool of
males from which they choose while not losing the important
support of the males in their communities and it also maximizes the
chances of males' reproductive success.
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We encourage you to go see the movie
Chimpanzee, its out NOW!
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Our Resources
http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116
http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzees
http://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-com
http://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.html
http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behav
http://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoveries
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/apes/chimp/
http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engchimpanzee.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00U
http://www.google.com/images/chimpanzees
http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzeeshttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behavhttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/apes/chimp/http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engchimpanzee.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00Uhttp://www.google.com/images/chimpanzeeshttp://www.google.com/images/chimpanzeeshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engchimpanzee.htmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/apes/chimp/http://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behavhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzeeshttp://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzeeshttp://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116