chile online 2011

www.wipchile.cl

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE LA ECONOMÍA DIGITALCENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE LA ECONOMÍA DIGITALCÁMARA DE COMERCIO DE SANTIAGOCÁMARA DE COMERCIO DE SANTIAGO

Exploring whys and Exploring whys and howshows: : the internet in Chile and the internet in Chile and the WIP 3.0 project*the WIP 3.0 project*

By Sergio Godoy EBy Sergio Godoy E. MBA PhD, . MBA PhD, Director or Research & Postgraduate StudiesDirector or Research & Postgraduate Studies

School of Communications School of Communications Universidad Universidad CatolicaCatolica de de ChileChile

[email protected]@puc.cl

* * A project executed with the Institute of Sociology and the School of Engineering A project executed with the Institute of Sociology and the School of Engineering ((FondecytFondecyt Nº1110098) and the support of the Ministry of Economics (MINECON)Nº1110098) and the support of the Ministry of Economics (MINECON)

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ContentsContents

• People and organisations: WIP / BIT• BIT Chile main descriptive results 2010• WIP Chile main descriptive results 2010• Qualitative comparison UK/Chile: highlights• The WIP/BIT 3.0 project

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WORLD INTERNET PROJECTWeb & IT usage in everyday life of people

Fields:

IT adoption trends & expendituresAttitudes

Media usageSocial links

E-commerceImpact on offline activities

Impact at work (productivity)Impact at school (performance)

WIP & BIT and WIP & BIT and theirtheir commoncommon fieldsfields

BIT PROJECTIT usage & impact on business

and the economy

Fields:In companies:

•IT adoption & budgets•Organisational impact(workforce, structure,

outsourcing)•Links with partners & clients

•Business results•Globalisation/geographical reach

•Chile: reputation

State of the Information Economy

Transactions & e-commerce

Overall IT usage & adoption

Performanceat work &

school

Corporate communication & reputation

The information economy

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BIT Chile by S Godoy 4

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Gráfico 1. Evolución comparada del sector información en Chile, Corea y EE.UU.

(porcentaje del PIB de cada país) Fuente: Avilés, 2007

Economía de la información 1990-2003

US

US

Chile Chile Korea

Korea Korea

40.00%

45.00%

50.00%

55.00%

60.00%

65.00%

70.00%

US Chile Korea Logarítmica (US) Logarítmica (Chile) Logarítmica (Korea)

US (55.87%) (63.00%) Chile (51.21%) (51.73%) Korea (51.93%) (56.54%) (59.04%)

1990 1992 1995 1996 1997 2000 2003

The information economy in Chile, S Korea and the USA’s GNP1990-2003

Source: BIT teams in each country

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Chilean GNP Chilean GNP –– 20032003

Services

Material

Information

31%

8%

44%

39% 61%

52%

48%

Products

17%

Work and occupation

patterns in an (information)

economy

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Selected organisational impacts of IT in firms, 2007Selected organisational impacts of IT in firms, 2007--20102010(% of respondents strongly agree /agree on an increase of the following phenomena)(% of respondents strongly agree /agree on an increase of the following phenomena)

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76

81

63

73

56

33

38

42

47

51

87

87

83

81

67

63

60

59

54

44

0 20 40 60 80 100

Mgmt needs intelligent info

Workers need to retrain constantly

Nº of employees facing a screen

IT skills for low level employees

Worker collaboration with ad hoc tools

Tele-conferencing

Employees working from their homes

Geographical dispersion of the organisation

Wider mgmt's span of control

Flatter organisation

2010 2007

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Internet Internet usersusers in in selectedselected WIP WIP countriescountries, 2009 */ 2010**, 2009 */ 2010**

Helsper & Godoy-Chile & UK comparison 9

80 78 77 7773 70 67

61 5955

51 48 47 45 4237

32

0

20

40

60

80

100

Swed

en**

USA

**

New

Zea

land

*

Cana

da*

Aus

tral

ia*

Bri

tain

**

Isra

el*

Sing

apor

e*

Mac

ao*

Chile

(Sa

ntia

go)*

*

Czec

h R

epub

lic**

Chile

**

Ital

y**

Colo

mbi

a**

Hun

gary

*

Port

ugal

**

Mex

ico*

*

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Chilean internet users according to age, 2009

Source: based on CASEN survey data.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-60 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+

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6%6%

12%

34%

42%

2010

12-17 18-24 25-34 35-49 50-64

3%9%

8%

39%

40%

2008

12-17 18-24 25-34 35-49 50-64

Chilean non users of the internet, 2010 vs. 2008

In 2010 adults aged 60 to 64 are included.

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Chilean Internet users according to income quintiles 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009

Source: based on CASEN survey results

9% 10%15%

22%

45%

15%18%

22%

33%

59%

25%28%

33%

44%

65%

25%

32%

38%

50%

70%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Quintile I (lowest) Q II Q III Q IV Quintile V (highest)

2000 2003 2006 2009

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84%90%

79%

35%

15%

8%

81% 83%

44%

32%

22%

7%

78%

52%

42%37%

49%

10%

82%

75%

61%

35%

28%

8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

School (N=165) Home (N=406) Work (N=177) Friends or relatives' home

(N=406)

Paid places (N=406)

Free places (N=406)

ABC1/C2 C3 D/E Total

Percentage of internet users according to place of usageaccording to income level, 2010

Fuente: encuestas WIP-Chile 2010. Unidad de análisis: usuarios Internet 12-64 años, residentes en Santiago.

• Highest income(c1) uses in all

places; lowest (D/E) less at home and more in paid-for

locations

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Percentage of internet users using wireless connections* per year

5%

13%

25%

61%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Type of home connection

2004 2006 2008 2010

*Mobile broadband and WiFI

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The 10 most popular online activities by internet users,

2010

(Percentage of users who do eachactivity at least once daily)

64%

51%

51%

48%

44%

35%

35%

32%

28%

26%

e-mail

Use Facebook

Browse the Web

Visit social media

Use instant messaging

Comment on …

Read news

Send attachments

Find or check an …

Get information for …

Fuente: Encuestas WIP-Chile. Unidad de análisis: personas de 12 a 64 años, residentes en Santiago

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Most frequent activities by internet users according to income level, 2010. (Percentage of users who do the activity at least once daily).

64%

51% 51%48%

44%

35% 35%

80%

59%

64%

56%

48%

37%43%

57%54%

46%

53%50%

37%33%

42%

35%

30% 30% 31% 29%

20%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

E-mail Use Facebook Browsing the Web

Visit social media

Use instant messaging

Comment on blog/fotolog

Read local news

Total ABC1-C2 C3 D-E

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Perceptions about political influence of the internet, 2010. Percentage of answers “strongly agree/agree"

71%

63%

55%

53%

35%

35%

28%

44%

38%

52%

45%

19%

38%

31%

People should be free to criticise their government by internet

It's OK to people to express their ideas on the internet, however extreme

state should increase regulation of the internet

In general, I feel comfortable saying what I think about politics

In internet it is safe to say whay one thinks about politics

I am worried companies know what I do in the internet

I am worried the state knows what I do in the internet

User Non user

Unit of analysis: persons aged 12 to 64, living in Santiago

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44%

35% 35%32%

53% 53%

16%18%

54%

44%42%

36%

46%

36% 37%

42%

28%

9%

35%

14%

30%28%

46%

55%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Use instant messaging Comment on blog/fotolog Read local news Send attachments

Total 12-17 18-24 25-34 35-49 50-64

Most frequent activities by internet users according to age, 2010. (Percentage of users who do the activity at least once daily).

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Percentage of internet users and non users who own a mobile phone, 2010

Fuente: Encuestas WIP-Chile. Unidad de análisis: personas de 12 a 60 años, estratos ABC1, C2, C3 y D residentes en Santiago

86%

77%

User Non user

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Payment systems of mobile phones owned by internet users and non usersaccording to income, 2010

Unit of analysis: people aged 12-64, owners of a mobile phone, residents of Santiago

61%

39%

47%53%

70%

30%

82%

18%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Prepaid Plan


68%

32%

42%

58%

79%

21%

74%

26%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Prepaid Plan


USERS NON USERS

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The 10 most frequent activities done in mobile phones by internet users and non users, 2010.

Unit of analysis: people aged 12 to 64, owners of a mobilephone, living in Santiago

95%

84%

83%

68%

52%

43%

39%

22%

21%

17%

14%

98%

46%

66%

55%

34%

10%

21%

15%

5%

0%

2%

Talk

Send/receive text messages

Contact friends/relatives who see in person

Contact people who doesn't see in person …

For professional or work matters

Photos or videos (capture, send, etc.)

Play

Download music MP3 or ringtones

Send/receive e-mail

Find information in Google and similar seach …

Participate in social media (Facebook, Twitter)

User Non user

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Deepening the concept of Digital Deepening the concept of Digital Exclusion: a comparison between the Exclusion: a comparison between the

UK and Chile*UK and Chile*By By

Sergio Godoy, UC School of CommunicationsSergio Godoy, UC School of CommunicationsEllen J. Ellen J. HelsperHelsper, London School of Economics, London School of Economics

**A project supported by The Conference Board / A project supported by The Conference Board / FundaciónFundación TelefónicaTelefónica

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AimsAims

• Why some engage with ICTs while others from same background do not?– Need to go beyond the bipolar access/not access

(digital) and want/do not want (decisional) divides-

• Focus on the reasons, attitudes, fears or pressures behind this decision, which can change over time.

• Exploring in-depth within a specific & significant segment of population from Chile & UK:– Who feels technology is more or less integrated.– Motivators and obstacles, real or imaginary. – Perceptions of usefulness and purpose within a complex

network of social ties.


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Chile and Chile and thethe UKUK

• UK and Chile: relative leaders in digital inclusion in their region (Northern Europe, Latin America), surpassed by others.

• Differences between the two could illustrate a wider range of possibilities.


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SourceSource: : WorldWorld EconomicEconomic ForumForum Global Global InformationInformation TechnologyTechnology ReportReport 20102010

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UK Chile

UNDP Human Development Indexranking & score, 2010

26th (0.840,“Very High”)

45th (0.634, “High”)

UNDP’s inequality-adjusted HDI scores, 2010

0.766 0.630

UNDP’s Gender Inequality Indexscore, 2010

0.355 0.505

Transparency International’sCorruption Perception Index Rank and score, 2009

17th (7.7) 25th (6.7)

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QuantitativeQuantitative comparisonscomparisons: : Internet Internet usersusers in in selectedselected WIP WIP countriescountries, 2009 */ 2010**, 2009 */ 2010**


80 78 77 7773 70 67

61 5955

51 48 47 45 4237

32

0

20

40

60

80

100

Swed

en**

USA

**

New

Zea

land

*

Cana

da*

Aus

tral

ia*

Bri

tain

**

Isra

el*

Sing

apor

e*

Mac

ao*

Chile

(Sa

ntia

go)*

*

Czec

h R

epub

lic**

Chile

**

Ital

y**

Colo

mbi

a**

Hun

gary

*

Port

ugal

**

Mex

ico*

*

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Model for the relationships between social and digital Model for the relationships between social and digital inclusioninclusion

Norris, 2001; Van Norris, 2001; Van DijkDijk, 2005; Witte & , 2005; Witte & MannonMannon, 2010; , 2010; HelsperHelsper, 2008; Selwyn, 2004; , 2008; Selwyn, 2004; WarschauerWarschauer, 2004, 2004


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FocusFocus groupgroup selectionselection


Fathers intense users

Mothers intense users

Fathers limited users

Mothers limited users

Note: All individuals were middle and lower-middle class adult parents of children attending schoolAll individuals were middle and lower-middle class adult parents of children attending school

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General engagement and valuations: commonalitiesGeneral engagement and valuations: commonalities

• ‘Digitisation inevitable’ > UK pessimistic - Chile aspirational.

• The internet and mobiles perceived as distinct technologies.

• Mobiles fundamental, extension of the body, an integral part of everyday life.

• Mothers concerned about children - fathers a wider repertoire of reasons.

• Children: a powerful driver for ICT access, very proficient but also poor trainers.

– Concern about the “copy & paste”, lazy mentality of youngsters


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UK UK specificitiesspecificities

• Engagement not a free and positive choice.

• Concerns:– Safety & surveillance issues (not in Chile)– How to save money by engaging with ICT (not at all in Chile)

• Mobile phones: 24 hour safety & support.... constant access a major concern, puts people off.

• (Social) networks strengthen digital inclusion- wide, informal, instant support in relation to ICTs.


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Male/fathers intense users Female/mothers intense users

Male/fathers limited users Female/mothers limited users


“…I’m constantly getting…so and so’sinvited you to join Facebook and I don’trespond to any of them …I get so muchemail in every day anyway, the last thingyou want to do is spend moretime…...buried under a pile of messages.”

UK Results: Some quotesUK Results: Some quotes

“It’s just like you’ve lostsomething...It’s a lifeline as well, isn’t it? You’redependent on it…. As much as Ihate them sometimes.”

“They laugh at you, kids, don’t they…you know, and we are supposed to be teaching

them […] then they start laughing and huffing, and like you’re useless or you’re this and that.., you think like pfff where

does this thing come from?”

“But sometimes I think it’s too much. It’s just like your information is just with you all the time, just like, why you need to know everything like that, you know,

the football score, you know, the weather forecast... What else?”

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Chile Chile specificitiesspecificities

• Workplace and gender roles seem the most prominent aspects explaining engagement: – Limited users reported higher rates of free-lance work and

more unstable jobs – Children are a motivating factor to engage with ICTs– Female limited users felt backward and sacrificed

themselves (paid jobs, access to the family’s PC) for the sake of their families

– Some male Chilean infrequent users boasted about not needing the internet -they could rely on relatives and colleagues


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Male/fathers intense users Female/mothers intense users

Male/fathers limited users Female/mothers limited users

ChileanChilean resultsresults: : somesome quotesquotes


“It is not that one hasn’t gotthe time for it. It’s rather thatkids do not leave a space (forme). I mean, when one hassome spare time, they’re(logged in) there”

“I have no motivation whatsoeverto use the internet. (I use mobilephones) for the most basic things,short and precise. (If at need) Iwould learn how to, just as I didwith the cell phone”

“Yesterday I left my cellphone at home and Iwanted to die. It was likebeing without clothing”

“Life hasn’t changed forthem (our children), it haschanged for us instead”

“Those in Facebook are full of shit in their heads”

”To learn aboutinternet] I look onthe internet…for‘Saint Google’, or Icall the internetprovider”

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DiscussionDiscussion

• While reasons for disengagement differed between the two countries, the patterns of social exclusion were very similar

• There is greater potential for inclusion of limited users in Chile where ICT use is still more aspirational than in the UK

• Home and societal pressures are stronger in the UK, workplace and societal aspirations are in Chile

• These aspirations may change as the curve of technological diffusion in Chile approaches Britain’s.

• Motivations and “whys” –how different are they for each group, country, culture? (cfr. Presentation by G. Blank & B. Reisdorf)


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WIP/BIT 3.0 proposalWIP/BIT 3.0 proposal

• Aim: determine how ICTs affect trust & confidence between organisations and their stakeholders

• Mixed methodological approach, initially qualitative and finally quantitative to generalise results:

• Three sector studies: retail, local government, telecoms/pay TV– Focus groups of stakeholders (frequent internet users vs. infrequent users)– Usability tests of online and offline interfaces– Analysis of the competitive/organisational environment (including stakeholder map) &

strategies of the chosen organisations; in-depth interviews of management

• 3rd year: (Enhanced) WIP survey to users / non (?) users:– Draw typologies by means of regression and cluster analysis

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chile online 2011

Documents

clbit chile

s korea

sector informacin en

s godoy

school performancewip

la economa digitalcmara

la economa digitalcentro

sergio godoy eby sergio