Child Development Chapter 9

Emotional & Social Development

During the 1st Year

I. Emotional Development During the 1st year

• A. Distinguishing between emotional and social dev.– i. emotional dev – the process of learning to

recognize and express one’s feelings and learning to establish one’s identity and individuality• 1. helps with self-confidence, handle stressful situations,

and display empathy toward others later in life

– Ii. Social dev – the process of learning to interact with others and to express oneself to others• 1. understand and tolerate others, communicate

accurately, treats people with respect and dignity later in life

• B. understanding emotional dev– i. begins at birth, develops throughout life– Ii. Follows predictable patterns, but progresses

at individual rate– Ii. Emotions depend on:

• 1. child’s individuality• 2. type of care the baby receives• 3. atmosphere of home

• iv. building trust through care– 1. comfortable and secure or confusing and

difficult– 2. if kept warm, clean, fed, dry, soothed when

fussy, talked to when awake• A. child will feel comfortable and sense of security

– 3. crazy schedule, inconsistent care• A. child will have a hard time building trust

– 4. a child who can trust parents will trust him/herself and others later in life

• V. emotional climate of the home– 1. affections and harmony between parents,

caregivers, and all family members are the foundation of successful family life

– 2. babies catch on to adult’s feelings and tone of voice

– 3. feelings are contagious– 4. babies sense anxiety and nervousness and

tension

• C. crying and comforting– i. most obvious sign of emotions is crying– Ii. Diaper, hungry, hot, cold, pain, burp– Iii. Tips for comforting:

• 1. cuddle up with baby in rocking chair– A. combo of being held and rocked soothes baby

• 2. move baby to new position• 3. talk softly to baby, or sing to baby• 4. offer a toy to interest and distract the baby• 5. place baby facedown across your legs as you sit in a sturdy chair

– A. rub baby’s back

– Iv. Suck on thumb or pacifier – nipple attached to plastic ring

– V. favorite blanket or toy – each child develops their own way of comforting

• D. emotions in infancy– i. babies gradually develop different emotions– Ii. Birth

• 1. pleasure and satisfaction – baby is quiet• 2. pain or discomfort – crying• 3. distress

– Iii. 2 months• 1. delight – smiling

– Iv. 4-5 months• 1. anger – throw toys, push something away

– A. anger towards objects and people

• 2. disgust – bad faces at gross food

• V. 6 months– 1. fear – show some signs

• A. fear of strangers at about 8 months

• Vi. 7-8 months– 1. elation – high spirits of elation/excitement

• Vii. 9 months – 1. affection – to those who provide security and

care• A. towards other children comes later

II. Social Development and Personality

• A. signs of social development in infancy– i. first days of life

• 1. respond to human voices• 2. calm. Soothing voice will quiet baby• 3. harsh, loud voice will upset baby

– Ii. 1 month• 1. stop crying when lifted or touched• 2. baby’s face brightens when sees familiar face,

usually parent

– Iii. 2 months• 1. smile at people• 2. eyes follow moving objects, like to follow people

moving in a room

• Iv. 3 months– 1. turn heads in response to voice– 2. want companionship as well as physical care

• V. 4 months– 1. laugh out loud– 2. look to other people for entertainment

• Vi. 5 months– 1. show increased interests in other family

members beside their parents– 2. may cry when left along in a room– 3. babble to toys, dolls animals, or themselves

• Vii. 6 months– 1. love company and attention– 2. delight in peek-a-boo

• Viii. 7 months– 1. prefer parents over other family members or

strangers

• Ix. 8 months– 1. prefer to be in room with other people– 2. move from room to room looking for

company

• X. 9-10 months– 1. enjoy being chased– 2. throwing toys with someone else picking

them up

• Xi. 11-12 months– 1. friendly and happy– 2. like to be center of attention– 3. adjust to others’ emotions– 4. tolerant of strangers

• B. attachment– i. 6 months works to develop an attachment to

parents and other caregivers• 1. special strong bond b/n two people• 2. strong emotional bond• 3. first social relationship

– Ii. Physical care is very important in attachment process

– Iii. Social interaction is also vital• A. so they know how to interact with people later in life• B. all babies need lots of love• C. if left alone, baby begins to fail to respond to people

and objects

• Iv. Quite often happens in institution• V. can happen in homes with inconsistency

and no effort or time spent with child• Vi. Become withdrawn and unresponsive• Vi. Failure to thrive

– A. a condition in which the baby does not grow and develop properly

– B. heard disease, lack of proper food– C. poor emotional and social care– D. will not be able to have caring meaningful

relationships later in life

• C. stranger anxiety– I. 8 months it develops– Ii. Stranger anxiety

• A. fear expressed by crying, of unfamiliar people• B. indicator the baby is improving memory• C. remember faces and people who provide them

security and love• D. give baby time to adjust and introduce them

slowly

• D. How behavior is learned– i. relies on expectations and attitudes of

parents– Ii. Learn some through daily routine– Iii. Learn certain behavior rewards a positive

response and certain a negative – Iv. Consistency

• A. repeatedly acting the same way• B. verbal and nonverbal should say the same thing• C. treat situations consistantly

• E. Influence on personality– i. personality

• A. the total of all the specific traits that are consistent in an individual’s behavior

• B. some traits they are born with• C. family and environment play a big role• D. pattern themselves after parents• E. self-concept – a person’s feelings about him or

herself– 1. influenced on how parents and other people treat and

regard child– 2. positve – babies valued and cared for– 3. negative – babies belittled or negatively compared to

other kids

A. Common personality traits

• A. the sensitive child– 1. unusually aware of his or her surroundings

and of any new changes in those surroundings– 2. fussy and irritable as baby– 3. need more than average amount of love and

tenderness– 4. easily startled and frightened– 5. be patient and understanding when trying

new things as they will be fearful

• B. the placid child– 1. remarkably easygoing and accepting of his/her

surroundings– 2. easiest personality type to live with– 3. less easily upset with changes in schedule and

surroundings– 4. cheerful and patient when older– 5. or simply quiet and willing– 6. adjust to new people and new situations– 7. make friends readily and seem to handle life with a

minimum amount of fuss– 8. sometimes can be forgotten bc they are so easygoing– 9. parents need to remember they need just as much

attention

• C. the aggressive child– 1. usually strong-willed and determined– 2. responses are extreme– 3. eat more heartily, cry more loudly, kick more strenuously– 4. love activity, enjoy trying new things– 5. less concerned with failure – try again– 6. likely to express anger when frustrated or don’t get their

way– 7. try to help child express feelings with less extreme

behavior– 8. need love, praise, and attention immediately– 9. need help in becoming aware of feelings and interests of

other people

Assignment• What personality type are you and WHY?• Pg. 285 (1-7)• Pg. 288 (1-12)