Viral diseases

Chicken Pox

Mumps

Rubella

Influenza

SWINE FLU

Rabies

Presented By: Dr. Md. Salequr Rahman

Dep. Of Community Medicine

Chicken Pox

Chicken Pox• An acute, highly infectious disease

caused by Varicella-zoster Virus. It is characterized by vesicular rash that may be accompanied by fever and malaise.

• Agent: V-Z virus.• Source of infection: A case of chicken

pox. Oropharyngeal secretion and lesions of skin & mucosa.

• Chicken pox is highly communicable.

• Host factors: Age- primarily in children under 10 years. The disease can be severe in adults.

• Environmental factors: During first six months of year.

• Transmission: Droplet infection. Can cross placental barrier and may cause Congenital Varicella.

• Incubation period: 14-16 days.

Clinical features:

• Pre-eruptive stage: Mild/moderate fever, pain in back, shivering and malaise. This stage is very brief, lasting about 24 hours. In adults last for 2-3 days.

• Eruptive stage: In children, rash is often the first sign. It comes on the day the fever starts.

Clinical features:

• Distribution: Rash is symmetrical. First appears on the trunk where it is abundant, then comes to the face, arms and legs. Mucosal surfaces (buccal, pharyngeal) are affected. Axilla may be affected, but palms and soles are usually not affected.

• Rapid evolution: advances quickly through macule, papule, vesicle and scab. Vesicles filled with clear fluid look like ‘dew-drops’ on the skin.

• Pleomorphism: Characteristic feature of chicken pox. All stages of rash ( papules, vesicles and crusts) may be seen simultaneously at one time, in the same area.

• Fever: Not high, but shows exacerbation with each fresh crops of eruption.

Differences between small pox and chicken pox (Park)

Small Pox Chicken PoxPalms and soles are affected

Axilla freeRash prominent on extensor surfaces and bony prominencesDeep seatedVesicles multilocular and umbilicated.

Palms and soles are not affectedAxilla affectedMostly on flexor surfaces SuperficialUnilocular- Dew drop appearancePleomorphic rashes

Complications of chicken pox:

• Mild, self limiting disease.• Complication may occur in

immunosuppressed, may also in normal children and adults.

• Hemorrhage, Pneumonia, encephalitis, acute cerebellar ataxia, Reye’s syndrome

• Infection during pregnancy may cause fetal wastage and birth defects.

Prevention and control:

• No specific treatment for chicken pox. The usual control measures are notifications, isolation of cases and disinfection of articles

• Varicella Zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG)- for immunosuppressed and newborns.

• Vaccine- live attenuated vaccine.