chemistry of life - greater st. albert catholic...
TRANSCRIPT
January 31, 2011
Chemistry of Life
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
NucleicAcids
Biologically Important Macromolecules
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PolymersPolymers are large molecules of repeating sub units (building blocks)
IndividualBuilding Blocks...
...can be assembled into polymers:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids are all POLYMERS
Polymers con't
1 H2O
Joining 2 subunits requires theremoval of water and is called:
DEHYDRATIONSYNTHESIS
1 H2O
Breaking that bond requires the addition of water and is called:
HYDROLYSIS(hydra = water, lysis = burst / break)
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Carbohydrates
Purpose: Fuel / Energy for the body's metabolism
Elements: C, H, and O - individual sugars (C6H12O6) can be joined together
Types: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
C6H12O6
Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose (these are called isomers because they have the same chemical formula but different shape)
Ex. blood sugar
Joined by dehydration synthesis
Ex: matlose, lactose, sucrose
Starch (for energy storage): Animals: Glycogen Plants: Amylose
Cellulose: Makes up plant cell walls
& is not digestable
Carb IntroVideo
Dehydration Synthesis
Polymers of carbs, proteins, or lipids can be made by joining several subunits together
OH H
O HH
+=
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Work on Carbohydrate Questions (worksheet)
Review Carbohydrate Questions (worksheet)
· What is the difference between simple carbohydrates & complex carbohydrates?
· Why are complex carbohydrates better for you?
Benedicts and Lugol Demo
GlucoseSong
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1 Which of the following elements make up carbohydrates? Select all that apply.
A Nitrogen
B CarbonC Oxygen
D Phosphorous
E Hydrogen
F Sulfur
G Potassium
H Sodium
2 Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in what ratio respectively?
___:___:___
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3 An isomer is a molecule that has the same chemical formula, but different physical arrangement. Which of the following is an isomer of glucose (C6H12O6)?
A Glycogen
B Fructose
C Cellulose
D Amylose
4 Both plants and animals store carbs for future energy needs. Plants usually store these carbohydrates as ___________ and animals store these carbohydrates as ___________.
A cellulose, amylose
B cellulose, glycogen
C glycogen, amylose
D amylose, glycogen
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5 How many hydrogen atoms are there in a molecule of sucrose?
· Identify three different types of carbohydrates are found in an orange. For each, describe it's purpose / function in the orange.
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Review OrangeHomework
Proteins- Made from building blocks called amino acids:
(sample of 5amino acids)
They have the same elements as carbohydrates with the addition of NITROGEN
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Proteins- Human proteins are made from 20 different amino acids
- Depending on the order & number of amino acids, the protein takes on a different shape.
- The shape of a protein determines it's function
- Changing the protein's environment (temperature, pH, UV exposure) can cause it to denature or coagulate (change shape)
- Proteins can versatile and can be structural or be used for enzymes, hormones, transport, movement, identification, and even energy!
ProteinVideo
Important Proteins
Hemoglobin Membrane Proteins
Catalase Photosynthesis Proteins
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Protein of theMonth
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/motm.do?sortBy=date#motm
Work on Polymer Worksheet & Protein Crossword
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Review Polymer Worksheet & Protein Crossword
Lipids
Purpose: Energy Storage, Hormones, Protection, Transport
- Lipids are composed primarily of C, H, and O
LipidVideo
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Fats / Triglycerides Sterols / Steroids
Waxes
Phospholipids
- ex. cholesterol- ex. hormones like estrogen, testosterone,
aldosterone
ex. ear wax, wax on bird wings, pineneedles
- make up cell membranes- similar to triglycerides except one of the fatty acids is replaced with a phosphate- non-polar (doesn't mix with water)
- Made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains- Fatty acid chains can be either saturated or unsaturated.
Saturated: More hydrogen, all single bondsUnsaturated: less hydrogen, some double bonds
Saturated, Unsaturated, and Trans Fats
Saturated: More hydrogen, all single bondsSolid at room temperatureAnimal fats like butter, bacon fat etcHarder to digest
Unsaturated: less hydrogen, some double bondsLiquid at room temperatureEx. Plant oils (canola, olive, vegetable etc)Easier to digest
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Lipid vs. Carb Energy Demo
Triglyceride
cell membrane made of phospholpids
Why are cell membranes made of lipids? What advantage does the cell have by using lipids instead of proteins or carbohydrates?
Hints: Lipids are non-polar
What is the primary component of cell cytoplasm?
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Lipid Practice Questions:
p.216 #1-5
Review Lipid Practice Questions:
p.216 #1-5
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6 Which of the following rows is matched correctly?
A B C D
Saturated Fats Easy High
Type of Fat Ease of Digestion Risk of contributing to heart disease
Saturated Fats Difficult Low
Unsaturated Fats Difficult High
Unsaturated Fats Easy Low
7 True of False, the following picture depicts a saturated fat.
True False