chemistry of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins what does it mean to be an organic molecule? what...
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Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsFats, and Proteins
What does it mean What does it mean to be an organic to be an organic molecule?molecule? Contains at least Contains at least
carbon and carbon and hydrogen.hydrogen.
What is a Chemical What is a Chemical Formula?Formula?
List the elements and how many (Ex. List the elements and how many (Ex. HH22O). O). What is the chemical formula of
butane?C4H10
What is a Structural What is a Structural Formula?Formula?
Provides position Provides position and orientation.and orientation.
Glucose and fructose are isomers. Any guesses what an “isomer” is?Isomers – same chemical formula, different structural formula
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Which elements?Which elements?
Any particular Any particular ratio?ratio?
C, H, O2 H : 1 O
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
What are the building What are the building blocks?blocks?
“Monosaccharides” or “simple sugars”
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
What are the What are the functions in a living functions in a living organism?organism?
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
ENERGY; STRUCTURE
Glucose, sucrose, starch (plant storage), glycogen (animal storage), cellulose (plant cell walls), chitin (insects)
LipidsLipids
Which elements?Which elements?
Any particular Any particular ratio?ratio?
C, H, OLots H : very few O
LipidsLipids What are the building What are the building
blocks?blocks?1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
glycerol
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Monounsaturated fat
C | C | C
LipidsLipids
What are the What are the functions in a living functions in a living organism?organism?
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
ENERGY RESERVES; CELL MEMBRANES; INSULATION
Fats, oils, waxes
ProteinsProteins
Which elements?Which elements?
Any particular Any particular ratio?ratio?
C, H, O, N, S
No
ProteinsProteins What are the building What are the building
blocks?blocks?Amino Acids
ProteinsProteins
What are the What are the functions in a living functions in a living organism?organism?
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Many different functions
Feathers, spider webs, wool, silk, fingernails, hair, enzymes, antibodies, muscle.
How are organic molecules added How are organic molecules added together?together?
Glucose – C H O 6 12 6
Fructose –
+
C H O 6 12 6
C H O 12 22 11
? What’s missing?
Sucrose –
What is a condensation What is a condensation reaction? reaction?
Combining organic molecules Combining organic molecules requires the loss of water.requires the loss of water.
What is hydrolysis?What is hydrolysis?
Separating organic molecules Separating organic molecules requires adding water back.requires adding water back.
When two sugars are added When two sugars are added together, what is produced?together, what is produced?
A disaccharideA disaccharide
When three or more sugars are When three or more sugars are added together, what is added together, what is
produced?produced?
PolysaccharidePolysaccharide
Carbohydrates - Carbohydrates - SaccharidesSaccharides
Uses:Uses:
Glucose = quick energyGlucose = quick energy
Glycogen = animal Glycogen = animal starch; stored energystarch; stored energy
Plant starch = stored Plant starch = stored energy for plantsenergy for plants