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1. Chemical Reactions

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Vinegar+ Baking Soda --->

Sodium Acetate + Water+ Carbon Dioxide

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 --->

NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2

Chemical Reaction

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CH3COOH

AtomMolecule

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Reactants ---> Products

Chemical Reaction

Vinegar+ Baking Soda --> Sodium Acetate + Water+ Carbon Dioxide

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ---> NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2

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Reactants ---> Products

Imbalance: More reactants than products

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Reactants ---> Products

Balance: Equal amounts of reactants

and equal amounts of products

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Reactants ---> Products

Balanced Equations

Sugar + Oxygen ----> Carbon Dioxide + Water

C6H12O6 + O2 ----> CO2 + H2O

6 Carbon atoms

12 Hydrogen atoms

8 Oxygen atoms

1 Carbon atoms

2 Hydrogen atoms

3 Oxygen atoms

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Reactants ---> Products

Balanced Equations

Sugar + Oxygen ----> Carbon Dioxide + Water

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O

6 Carbon atoms

12 Hydrogen atoms

18 Oxygen atoms

6 Carbon atoms

12 Hydrogen atoms

18 Oxygen atoms

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End

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2. Activation Energy, Energy

Change, Enzymes

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What makes ice turn into water?

Energy

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Reactants ---> Products

Fire + Candle ---> Lit Candle

Fire is needed for the candle to react with oxygen. It

is only needed to start the reaction.

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Reactants ---> Products

X + Y ---> XYHeat

Heat is the energy needed for the reaction to happen.

Heat is the activation energy.

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Does a lit candle take heat

or give off heat? It gives off heat.

Does a cold pack take heat

or give off heat? It takes heat (makes things

around it cold).

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What does exo mean?

Outside

The lit candle gives offheat.

Exothermic (Heat outside) Exothermic Reaction

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What does endo mean?

Inside

The cold pack takes in heat.

Endothermic (Heat inside)

Endothermic Reaction

Pic ofendothermic

reaction

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Exothermic Endothermic

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3.Macromolecules

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Molecules and Macromolecules

Water is a molecule Macro = big

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Macromolecules

are big

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3 Types of Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Energy for action

Lipids (Fats):

Energy storage,

Insulation (layered

protection)

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Proteins: BodyStructure and

Processes

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Macromolecule Structures

Carbohydrates

Lipids (Fats):

Proteins:

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QuickTime and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture.

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Carbohydrates and Proteins are

Polymers

Monomer:T

hesame molecule

repeated once

Polymers: large

molecules with

repeating

molecules

Mono = OnePoly = Many

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Carbohydrates and Proteins are

Polymers

Carbohydrate:

Repeating

sugar

molecules

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Protein:Repeating

amino acid

molecules

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Protein

Keratin: Protein in your fingernails.

Antibodies: Fight off disease

Myosin: Helps muscles move

uic Time and adecompressor

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uicTime

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Protein Structure

uic i e neco re or

re nee e to ee t i icture.

A inoAci :

e

buil ingbloc of

rotein .

21 ty e

in t e

u n

bo y

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The 4th Type of Macromolecule

Nucleic Acids:

DNA and RNA

Carry

information

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End

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4. Enzymes

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Where do chemical reactions happen

more quickly?

Chemical Reactions happen more quickly in living

things.

Lab Body

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Catalyst

Decreases the

energy needed

Speeds upreaction

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ExampleCatalyst

Hydrogen Peroxide --> H2O + O2 (Water+ Oxygen)

Usually a slow reaction.

Adding manganese oxide causes areaction in seconds

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Enzyme

A type of

catalyst for

organisms (living

things)

The names ofEnzymes end in the letters ase.

For example, lactase is an enzyme that breaks

down the sugar, lactose.

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Enzymes

Proteins that

make reactions

happen morequickly in

organisms

Types of Catalysts

Other Molecules

Manganese

DioxideCopper Salts

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What is happening in this

picture?

The substrate is attaching to the enzyme.The

substrate is then broken into two different

products.

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Reactants ---> Products

Substrates ---> Products

Enzymes

Yes. The shape of

the substrate and

the shape of the

active site of the

enzyme must

match so they can

bind together.

Is Shape Important?

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5. pH, Acids andBases

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Solutions

ui i no sso

n to s t is i tu

A ixtu of two o o

solutions

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Acids

ic i dd c ss

d d s is ic

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Basics

ic i a ac ss

a s is ic

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pH

i Tip

i pi

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