International Training Program on Environmental Sound Management on Chemicals and Wastes, especially on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and

Mercury (Hg)21 January 2016

CETESB, San Pablo, Brazil

Lic. Alberto Santos CapraBasel Convention Implementation and Compliance Committee - Chair

Basel Convention Technical Contact Point - Argentina

Chemicals and Wastes 2015 to 2030 United Nations

Sustainable Development Agenda Sustainable Development Goals

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal - Cartagena de Indias 2011

United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20 - Rio de Janeiro 2012

First United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-I) - Nairobi 2014

Other agendas and United Nations Sustainable Agenda 2015 to 2030 - New York 2015

BASEL CONVENTION ON THE CONTROL OFTRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

AND THEIR DISPOSAL AND OTHER WASTES

Reduction of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes

Prevention and minimization of their generation in quantity and hazardous considering technical, social and economic aspects

Promote the transfer of technology for the sound management of such wastes and self-sufficiency

BASEL CONVENTIONACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS

Preventing the use of hazardous substances in products and processes

Production methods to prevent and minimize waste generation at the source

Waste management hierarchy

Environmentally Sound Management (ESM) internalizing costs, conserving resources and reducing pollution

Decoupling economic growth from resource consumption and the effects on the environment associated with the generation of waste

TENTH MEETING OF THE CONFERENCES OF THE PARTIES TO THE BASEL CONVENTION (COP-10), CARTAGENA DE INDIAS - OCTOBER 2011

“Cartagena Declaration” prevention, minimization and recovery of hazardous and other wastes promote the three pillars of sustainable development (social, economic and environmental)

Decision BC-10/2 “Strategic Framework for the Implementation of the Basel Convention for the period 2012-2021”

Decision BC-10/3 “Indonesia and Switzerland Country-lead Initiative (CLI) to improve the effectiveness of the Basel Convention”

Enter into force of the Ban Amendment: Basel Convention Annex VII countries Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), European Union and Liechtenstein

Development of Guidelines: ESM Framework Decisions BC-11/1 and BC-12/1 Sections II Strengthening Regional and Coordinating CentresIncreases effectiveness of the fight against Illicit Traffic (ENFORCE)Providing Legal clarity: Glossary of Terms Decisions BC-11/1 and BC-12/1 Sections III: wastes and

non waste; hazardous and non hazardous waste; disposal and final disposal; recovery; recycling; repair; refurbishment; reuse; direct reuse

STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION BC 2012–2021 DECISION BC-10/2 AND CARTAGENA DECLARATION COP-10

Apply the waste management hierarchy guiding principlePrevention

MinimizationReuse

(Recovery) Recyclingother recovery including Energy recovery

Final disposaland, in so doing, encourage treatment

options that deliver the best overall environmental outcome, taking into account life-cycle thinking

Cleaner production methods and technology transfer

GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE DECISION BC-10/2“STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION OF THE

BC 2012–2021"Use policy waste management instruments, such as:

Sustainable use of resourcesRecognition of wastes as a resourceIntegrated waste managementLife Cycle approachPolluter pays principleExtended Producer Responsibility-EPRPrecautionary principleProximity principlePublic-private Partnerships (PPPs) cooperation and synergiesSustainable Consumption and Production (SCP)

FINAL DOCUMENT OF THE CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2012

RIO+20 "THE FUTURE WE WANT“

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) endorse the document: sixty-sixth session Resolution A/RES/66/288, 2012

Section V “Framework for action and follow-up”, Subsection A “Spheres thematic and cross-cutting issues”:

Item “Cities and sustainable human settlements” where the “sustainable management of waste through the application of the concept of 3Rs” (reduce, reuse and recycle) paragraph 135;

Item “chemicals and wastes” paragraphs 213-223

CHEMICALS AND WASTES RIO+20 PARAGRAPHS 213-223

Environmentally Sound Management (ESM)International cooperationCommitment to a rational approach to waste management at all levelsConcern about the lack of capacity for management waste throughout its Life CycleStrengthening governance structures.Enhanced coordination and cooperation among conventions of chemicals and

waste:Basel Convention on "The Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and other wastes"Stockholm Convention on "Persistent Organic Pollutants"Rotterdam Convention on the "Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in

International Trade"Program "Strategic Approach to chemicals management at the international level" (SAICM)Regional and coordinating centers of the Basel Convention and StockholmMinamata Convention on Mercury - approved in Plenipotentiary Conference

Kumamoto, Japan, October 2013

CHEMICALS AND WASTES RIO+20 PARAGRAPHS 213-223

Strengthen existing partnerships between the public and private sectors, establishing new and innovative ones among industry, governments, academia and other non-governmental stakeholders, aimed at increasing the capacity and technology to the ESM of chemicals and wastes, including the prevention of wastes

Approach based on the Life Cycle of waste, developing and implementing policies to achieve efficient use of resources and ESM of wastes. Commitment to follow the 3R and increase energy recovery and, where possible, use them as a resource. Solid wastes such as electronic waste and plastics, pose particular problems to be addressed

Requests policies, strategies, laws and comprehensive national and local regulations on waste management will develop and implement

CHEMICALS AND WASTES RIO+20 PARAGRAPHS 213-223

Welcomes the relevant decisions adopted at the Tenth Meeting to the Conference of Parties to the Basel Convention (COP-10), Cartagena de Indias, October 2011

Request the Responsibility of Producers be expanded; research and development, sustainable design and knowledge sharing is encouraged

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)Producers are responsible for their products at the end of

the use phase in their life cycleIETC (International Environment Technology Centre) Division of Technology, Industry and Economy (DTIE) PNUMA Osaka Japanhttp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/NationalWasteManagementStrategies/tabid/104470/Default.aspx

CHEMICALS AND WASTES RIO+20 PARAGRAPHS 213-223

Welcomes the consultative process on financing options regarding chemicals and waste:

Budgets, strategies and national development plans (mainstreaming)

Industry involvement: Public Private Partnerships (PPPs)

External Financing: Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the new Focal Area “Chemicals and Waste”, 6th Replenishment Period (GEF-6) with $ 554 million:

375 millions for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)141 millions for Mercury13 millions for SAICM Program25 millions for Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Vienna

Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer-ODS)

FIRST UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT ASSEMBLY (UNEA-1)

NAIROBI, KENYA, JUNE 2014

Resolution UNEP/UNEA.1/5 on “Chemicals and Waste”

Resolution UNEP/UNEA.1/6 on “marine plastic debris and micro-plastics”

Resolution UNEP/UNEA.1/7 on “Strengthening the role of UNEP in promoting air quality”

http://www.unep.org/unea/en/

RESOLUTION UNEP/UNEA.1/5 CHEMICALS AND WASTE

Section I: Approval of the document “Strengthening the sound management of chemicals and waste in the long term” Annex I

Section II: Approval of the “Integrated Approach to financing the sound management of chemicals and wastes" and the Terms of Reference (TofR) of the “Special Programme to support institutional strengthening at the national level for implementation of agreements Basel, Rotterdam, Stockholm and Minamata, and SAICM” Annex II; first meeting of the Executive Board 1-2 February 2016; 15 millions of dollars December 2015

Section IV: Minamata Convention on “Mercury”

Section V: SAICM program and the “International Conference on Chemicals Management”; Objective complete the 2020 Johannesburg Plan of Implementation “Chemicals are produced and used in a way that minimize significant adverse effects on human health and the environment”

RESOLUTION UNEP/UNEA.1/5 CHEMICALS AND WASTE

Section III: Sustainable Development “the sound management of chemicals and wastes is an essential cross-cutting element, comprehensive and of great importance to the sustainable development agenda”

Section VII: Requires consider the links between the chemicals and waste policies in the overall picture of waste prevention, minimization and management, which is currently developing

Section VIII: Regional Centers promoting effective and efficient network of regional centers to strengthen the regional delivery of technical assistance under the conventions

Global Waste Management Outlook (GWMO)UNEP Governing Council Decision GC 27/12 February 2013

IETC DTIE PNUMA Osaka, Japan and International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) Vienna, Austria –2015

www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/NationalWasteManagementStrategies/tabid/104470/Default.aspx

STRENGTHENING THE SOUND MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS AND WASTE IN THE LONG TERM

Need to develop, implement and enforce basic legislative frameworks and national policies, including assignment of responsibilities of industry and the business community in general and to have national institutional capacity.

Industry has a special responsibility, as a designer, producer and user of chemicals and should implement sustainable chemistry.

The effective and efficient implementation of existing multilateral obligations in relation to the conventions of the chemicals and waste and environmental actions to implement voluntary frameworks is essential, based on experiences and successes.

It is necessary to improve access to and the generation of information, exchange of relevant and understandable information throughout the supply chain for making more informed decisions and political and public awareness.

The sound management of chemicals and wastes includes the promotion of Sustainable Consumption and Production, including the implementation of a Life Cycle approach, and considering waste as a resource.

Scientifically identify new issues and emerging nature global challenges through multistakeholder and inclusive efficient processes. The answer to these challenges requires sufficient capacity at national, regional and global levels.

OTHER AGENDAS - SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION

“10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns” 10YFP Marrakech Process from 2012 to 2022

A voluntary agenda arising from Johannesburg Implementation Plan 2002 program document A/CONF.216/5

Vision (v) Reduces the use of hazardous materials and toxic chemicals and the generation of wastes, such as non-biodegradable materials and the emission of pollutants.(vii) Promotes Life Cycle approaches, including resource efficiency and sustainable use of resources, as well as science-based and traditional knowledge-based approaches, cradle to cradle and the 3R concept (reduce, reuse and recycle) and other related methodologies, as appropriate.

Functions (k) Encouraging the 3R concept through, inter alia, the promotion of repair and maintenance work as an alternative to new products.

Programmes (c) Be based on life cycle approaches, including resource efficiency and sustainable use of resources, and related methodologies, including science-based and traditional knowledge-based approaches, cradle to cradle and the 3R concept, as appropriate.

OTHER AGENDAS - OBJETIVES

The Millennium Development Goals-MDGs are eight human development purposes set by the United Nations in 2000 agreed to meet in 2015; adopted under the “Millennium Declaration” at the "Millennium Summit" of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) A/RES/55/2: Item VII or Objective VII “Ensure Environmental Sustainability”

Faces criticism for not sufficiently cover the environmental dimension of sustainable development and not addressing the

linkages between its three dimensions (social, labor and environment)No references to wastes

Sustainable Development Goals agenda set out in Section V Rio+20 “Framework for Action and Follow-up Item B “Sustainable Development Goals-SDGs”

Action-oriented, concise and easy to communicate, limited in number and ambitious, have a global character and be universally applicable to all countries, taking into account the different situations, capacities and levels of development

and respecting national policies and national priorities must address priority areas and focus on them, to achieve sustainable development

Development of a set of goals and measurable indicators (targets)

Global United Nations Agenda for sustainable development beyond 2015, and to 2030; Post -2015 Agenda

GLOBAL UNITED NATIONS AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AGENDA POST-2015

It will cost 17 billons of dollars (1.1012 dollars); equivalent to 1.000.000.000.000 (million of millions)

Global financial assets are estimated at $ 218 million in 2012: 10% will cost

A “Financing Sustainable Development” Group was established and an “Inter-governmental Committee of Experts on Sustainable Development Finance (ICESDF)”

RESULT OF WORK OF THE OPEN WORKING GROUP (OWG) OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

17 GOALS AND 169 TARGETS

Goal 12 “Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns”

TARGETSMeta 12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses.

Meta 12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their Life Cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment.

Meta 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.

“TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD – THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”

193 countries agreed on a course of action for humanity and the planet, through the final draft Development Agenda Post-2015

Adopted at the “United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015”,held in New York, USA, from 25 to 27 September 2015

The process internalizes the development and approval of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) prepared by the OWG, reports the “Intergovernmental Committee of Experts on Financing Sustainable Development” established under the final document of Rio+20

UN Declaration which includes main areas: people, planet, prosperity, peace, associations; it can be found at

http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

CHALLENGESWaste - non wastes: Basel Convention CLI with its Legal Clarity

agenda and the Glossary of Terms

Mainstreaming Chemicals and Wastes in the national agenda:Through coordination and cooperation locally and internationally (synergies)Establishing a Chemical and Waste National Unit, depending

national budget or international assistance Developing a national strategy and a National Development Plan: programs

related to the ESM for different categories of hazardous chemicals and wastesImplemented EPR systems

Industry involvement: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) through the involvement of chambers and associations in programs and projects

Promote and implement initiatives and approaches: replacing “cradle to grave” for cradle to cradle and Life Cycle approaches in activities, projects and programs and national legislation

CHALLENGESDevelop local technical capacity and technology for Chemicals and Wastes

management in order to:Fulfil the objectives of the Chemicals and Wastes Conventions (i.e. in

the Basel Convention the minimum transboundary movement and self-sufficiency management capacity)

Prevent the use of hazardous substances in products and processes and apply production methods to prevent and minimize the generation of wastes at source

Establishi Financial guarantees for transboundary movements

Develop appropriate national legislation to prevent and punish illegal traffic

Develop reliable qualitative and quantitative information: National Reports

Internalize Basel and Stockholm Conventions technical guidelines in national legislation and procedures

NEW AND NOT SO NEW CONCEPTSReduce, reuse and recycle (3R): The 3R Initiative aims to promote the "three Rs"

worldwide in order to build a society with a sound material-cycle through the effective use of resources and materials.

Initiative agreed at the G8 summit in Sea Island, USA, 2004Officially launched at a ministerial meeting in Tokyo, Japan, 2005

Reduce means to decide to use things carefully to reduce the amount of waste generated

Reuse involves the repeated use of articles or parts of articles still have aspects and components usable

Recycling means using wastes as a resource itself

Waste minimization can be achieved efficiently, focusing primarily on the first of the 3R, "reduce", followed by "reuse" and "recycle“

Valorization / Recovery: The process of extraction, storage, collection or processing of materials from the waste stream to extract and obtain value added and deflect and direct the material to a new source of value.

NEW AND NOT SO NEW CONCEPTS

Resource efficiency:

The goal of resource efficiency is to rethink the life cycle of a product from the perspective of resources involved at each stage.

Lose resources as waste is inefficient.

It may include the design and rethink the whole design and whether the functions of the product provides the consumer can be served in any other better sustainable way.

NEW AND NOT SO NEW CONCEPTS

Life Cycle: the life cycle concept broadens the traditional focus on establishments and manufacturing processes, and incorporates various aspects of full life cycle of a product from "cradle to cradle", from resource extraction, through manufacturing and use of the product, to the final treatment and disposal of waste product.

Life Cycle approach: examine the product and its passage through the various stages of a life cycle from the beginning: the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, distribution, sale, use and end of life, when entering the waste management system and the later stages of the waste management hierarchy.

Life Cycle assessment: it includes an inventory of incoming raw materials, chemicals processes, energy and water as well as an inventory of emissions and waste generation, and their environmental impacts at each stage of the life cycle, offering opportunities for interventions to prevent or reduce waste quantities and / or their level of hazardous.

NEW AND NOT SO NEW CONCEPTSCradle to Cradle: it centers in the way we make things focuses primarily on defining the intent behind the design of a product in terms of its positive impact, i.e., social, economic and environmental benefits. It proposes to completely abandon the linearity of the model "cradle to grave" by the Life Cycle approach.

This approach poses a circular concept based on a model taken from the natural world: the waste materials metabolism of an organism are food for other body, without loss of quality that would ultimately turn materials useless.

Instead of ending ultimately as waste materials, the materials of the product at the end of their period of use begins, again and again, a new life in a new cycle in the same level of quality or even higher.

Since waste equals food, the focus “cradle to cradle” eliminate thus the concept of waste. To apply this approach to products and services, the materials must have a known chemical composition and be well defined; materials should be or biological nutrients (i.e., they can return to a natural biological cycle) either technological nutrients; and products should be designed for easy disassembly.

This cycle requires new forms of interaction along the supply chain of products, where respect, trust and cooperation have a prominent role.

¡Thanks a lot!acapra@ambiente.gob.arascapra@hotmail.com